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PubMed1994

[The peripartum disease complex of the sow in commercial swine breeding. 2. The effect of prepartum bacteriuria on the peripartum and postpartum occurrence of puerperal diseases in the sow with anamnesis of urinary tract infection and vaginal-vulvar discharge].

In an industrial pig production unit ten sows were selected at random. All the sows had puerperal disease in their anamnesis and all of them revealed at the time of selection--during their late pregnancy--urinary tract infection (UTI) and vaginal-vulvar discharge (VD) and most of them had significant bacteriuria a.p. All the sows were evaluated using Bilkei's MMA early detection system. The majority of the sows which have had significant bacteriuria a.p. developed a puerperal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Antibody-coated bacteria in the urine of preschool and school-aged girls with asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Urine samples from 3564 girls aged 2 to 13 years were screened for evidence of infection. Cultures were positive (bacteria count, more than 10(5)/ml) in 61 (1.7%) by the dipslide method and in 55 (1.5%) by standard culture techniques. In 13 (23.6%) of the 55, antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) were detected in the urine. The clinical, bacteriologic, radiologic and urinalysis findings in children with ACB were no different from those in children in whom the bacteria were not coated. Direct examination of uncentrifuged urine under high power revealed one or more bacteria per two high-power fields in 96% of infected urine samples and in only 7% of noninfected samples. Five or more leukocytes per high-power field in centrifuged urine were detected in 36.7% of infected urine samples but not in noninfected samples. The ACB test did not differentiate between asymptomatic bacteriuria with parenchymal scarring or vesicoureteral reflux or both and asymptomatic bacteriuria without these abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteriuria during urinary tract catheterization: suprapubic versus urethral route: a prospective randomized trial.

In this randomized prospective trial urethral and suprapubic routes were compared in terms of tolerance and infectious potential. Daily bacteriuria determined infectious danger and patients were interrogated on the pain and discomfort induced by their catheter every day. Identical single dose pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis was routinely applied. Patients (n = 50) were divided into two similar groups (25 suprapubic catheters and 25 urethral catheters). Four patients in the suprapubic group were excluded. All specimen cultured by suprapubic catheter remained sterile. Nine patients with urethral catheterization eventually developed bacteriuria. The difference became significant on the third day of catheterization (p < 0.05) and increased on days 4 and 5 (p < 0.01). Between the two groups, pain and discomfort did not achieve statistical significance. Suprapubic catheterization is preferable to the alternative using the urethral route in terms of improving urine sterility.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Schistosoma haematobium in a Gambian community. III. The prevalence of bacteriuria and of hypertension.

A field study in an area of intense infection with Schistosoma haematobium showed a 6-6% prevalence of bacteriuria in males under 25 which was significantly greater than in a non-endemic area where no cases were found. In older subjects the prevalence in both areas was less than 1%. Similarly designed studies showed a slight increase in mean blood pressure levels and in the prevalence of hypertension in the endemic area. This could not with certainty be attributed to the effects of S. haematobium and the levels recorded were unlikely to be associated with a poor prognosis. The findings suggest that bacteriuria but not hypertension, may sometimes determine the outcome of S. haematobium infection in this community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Pyuria, bacteriuria and urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients with spinal cord injuries].

Urine specimens from 15 patients with paresis of the urinary bladder following injury of the spinal cord were examined weekly for a total number of 352 weeks. Pyuria was found in 103 specimens. In more than 95% there was concordance between microscopic and chemical evaluation. Bacteriuria was found in 144 specimens, among which pyuria was found in 76. In 77 cases there was indication for antibacterial treatment, based on bacteriological and clinical parameters. The most frequent bacterium isolated was Escherichia coli. Pyuria was present in more than three of four cases that were identified as urinary tract infections. However, almost one of every two cases with bacteriuria showed no pyuria. It is concluded that clinical symptoms of urinary tract infection together with identification of pyuria call for antibacterial treatment. Bacterial examination, should always be undertaken given symptoms of infection with no presence of pyuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Clinical evaluation of a rapid diagnostic screen (URISCREEN) for bacteriuria in children.

PURPOSE: We assessed clinical use of the URISCREEN test for detecting significant bacteriuria in children and compared it to standard quantitative culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: URISCREEN detects catalase in urine samples, reflecting the presence of at least 50,000 colony-forming units per ml. or 10 somatic cell per high power field. Catheterized urine specimens from 200 consecutive children scheduled to undergo urodynamic evaluation were tested by URISCREEN and quantitative culture methods. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were determined. RESULTS: Of these specimens there were 22 false-positive and 16 false-negative URISCREEN results. Sensitivity was 65.2%, specificity 85.7%, positive predictive value 57.7%, negative predictive value 89.2% and overall accuracy 81%. CONCLUSIONS: URISCREEN is a rapid screen for bacteriuria. However, the high false-negative rate limits clinical use in the pediatric urological patient for whom detecting infection is essential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The value of positive nitrites in screening asymptomatic bacteriuria amongst Malaysian school children.

It is important to diagnose and treat urinary tract infection in children before renal damage has taken place. Hence a new screening procedure will be of interest. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of urinary nitrite in screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria among school children compared to a more traditional method. Of the 44,816 school children investigated 240 (0.54%) students were judged to have bacteriuria ie 82 (0.19%) in boys and 158 (0.35%) in girls. Escherichia coli was the commonest organism isolated (28.75%). Urine dipstick testing for nitrite was found to have a low sensitivity and positive predictive value. While urinalysis for pyuria was noted to have a sensitivity of 77.9%, a specificity of 95.8% and a negative predictive value of 99.9%.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed2000

Ureterorectal fistula: a rare cause of recurrent bacteriuria.

The differential diagnosis of recurrent bacteriuria includes a host of conditions very familiar to urologists. Ureterorectal fistula represents an unusual clinical entity that can cause recurrent bacteriuria. We present a patient who ultimately proved to have such a fistula. We review the available literature and comment on the significance of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of single dose with a 5-day course of co-trimoxazole for asymptomatic (covert) bacteriuria of pregnancy.

Forty-four pregnant women with covert (asymptomatic) bacteriuria proven by suprapubic bladder aspiration were randomly allocated to treatment with either a single 1.92g dose or a standard 5-day course of co-trimoxazole. Twenty-one of 24 women were cured with a single dose. Seven of these 21 women were reinfected later in the pregnancy. All 20 women treated with a 5-day course of co-trimoxazole were cured, and 2 became reinfected later in the pregnancy. There were no side-effects of treatment, and no detrimental effects on the outcome of pregnancy. Single dose therapy should be considered as the treatment of choice for covert bacteriuria in pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolates from patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria and neuropathic bladders due to spinal cord and brain injuries.

Chronic bacteriuria is a common occurrence among spinal-cord injury patients and others with neuropathic bladders. If bacteria are present in the urinary tract, the patient may develop symptoms of infection or remain asymptomatic. We have compared virulence properties of 28 Escherichia coli isolates from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTI) and 29 E. coli isolates from patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). Bacteria from patients with symptomatic UTI were more likely to be hemolytic than isolates from patients with ABU (P = 0.05) or fecal isolates obtained from healthy volunteers (P < 0.001). Bacteria from patients with symptomatic UTI were also more likely than strains isolated from patients with ABU (P = 0.08) or fecal strains (P < 0.001) to exhibit D-mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human erythrocytes. The results suggest that E. coli isolates from nonimmunocompromised patients who require intermittent catheterization and who develop symptomatic UTI may be distinguished from bacteria recovered from patients who remain asymptomatic and possibly from normal fecal E. coli.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Computer algorithm offers a comprehensive view of quantitative bacteriuria.

Using improved microscopy of urine sediment, the consistent finding of bacteria, usually gram-positive cocci at low counts, free or even in casts, in the sediment of carefully collected urines from patients with systemic illnesses has led to the need to reconsider their exclusion by the customary criteria for 'significance' of bacteria in urine. Since 'significance' is currently based upon mathematical assumptions limited to high counts (> 10(5) colony-forming units/ml) for the prediction of clinical pyelonephritis alone, a digital computer program was created to predict the full spectrum of the expected concentration of bacteria in bladder urine versus time for a very wide range of possible bacterial division times, bladder kinetics and urine flow rates. Curves generated resulted in the discovery of very simple rules based on an easily calculated discriminant, the host's critical division time (CDT) for any bacterial species in his urine. (1) If the division time in the urine of a species entering the urinary tract is shorter than the CDT, the bacteria will proliferate to > 10(5) cfu/ml. Published data on growth in human urine show that very few bacterial species can divide so fast in urine, and those are the ones currently considered 'significant'. Except for some enterococci, streptococci cannot. (2) With a division time only marginally longer than the CDT, any bacterium would wash out unless continuously supplemented via the kidney or from the bladder wall. (3) With a continued supplement and the longer division time, the concentration would fall to a low plateau, and that plateau is diagnostic of a continued supplement. The cocci observed by microscopy are fastidious or dead. They grow poorly if at all in urine, and thus are not likely to ascend the urinary tract. Their appearance corresponds to the earlier studies of bacteriuria and to the known excretion of blood-borne bacteria in natural disease, whether or not there are anatomical changes in the kidney. It is suggested that the low-level coccal bacteriuria found is a marker for scent bacteremia in many systemic diseases for which a bacterial provocation has been sought.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Screening for and treating asymptomiatic bacteriuria not useful in women with diabetes.

Women with diabetes mellitus should not be screened or treated for asymptomatic bacteriuria. Unlike other clinical conditions in which screening for asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) has proved valuable (pregnancy, urologic surgery, renal transplantation), women with diabetes derive no meaningful benefit. Previous recommendations by the US Preventive Services Task Force neither recommended for or against screening or treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetic women.

Comment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Canine urinary tract infection. Detection, prevalence and therapeutic consequences of bacteriuria.

Bacterial urinary tract infection is a common disease complex in the dog. Numerous factors predispose to the condition which, once arisen, predisposes the dog to pyelonephritis. Thus, subclinical infections, detected by the presence of significant bacteriuria, become important to diagnose. This study is a survey on urinary bacterial counts performed on urine obtained by catheterization and midstream-sampling. In cases revealing bacteriuria, further analysis is undertaken in order to initiate individually adjusted, rational therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Consequences of asymptomatic bacteriuria in women with diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Women with diabetes mellitus (DM) have asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) more often than women without DM. It is unknown, however, what the consequences of ASB are in these women. OBJECTIVE: To compare women with DM with and without ASB for the development of symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs), renal function, and secondary complications of DM during an 18-month follow-up period. METHODS: In this multicenter study we monitored women with DM with and without ASB for the development of symptomatic UTIs, renal function, and secondary complications (ie, retinopathy, neuropathy, microvascular, or macrovascular diseases). Data on the first 18-month follow-up period are presented. RESULTS: At least 1 uncontaminated urine culture was available from 636 women (258 with type 1 DM and 378 with type 2 DM). The prevalence of ASB at baseline was 26% (21% for those with type 1 DM and 29% for those with type 2 DM). Follow-up results were available for 589 (93%) of the 636 women. Of these 589 women, 115 (20%) (14% with type 1 DM and 23% with type 2 DM) developed a symptomatic UTI. Women with type 2 DM and ASB at baseline had an increased risk of developing a UTI during the 18-month follow-up (19% without ASB vs 34% with ASB, P =.006). In contrast, there was no difference in the incidence of symptomatic UTI between women with type 1 DM and ASB and those without ASB (12% with ASB vs 15% without ASB). However, women with type 1 DM and ASB had a tendency to have a faster decline in renal function than those without ASB (relative increase in serum creatinine level 4.6% vs 1.5%, P = 0.2). CONCLUSION: Women with type 2 DM and ASB have an increased risk of developing a symptomatic UTI than those without ASB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in women with diabetes mellitus: effect on renal function after 6 years of follow-up.

BACKGROUND: The long-term consequences of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) on renal function in women with diabetes mellitus (DM) are unknown. METHODS: A prospective study was performed among women with type 1 or type 2 DM. Women with ASB (diagnosis based on findings from 1 urine culture specimen) were compared with women without ASB for differences in renal function development and incidence of hypertension. RESULTS: A total of 644 women were included in the study (296 with type 1 DM and 348 with type 2 DM; mean [SD] age, 51 [15] years) and followed up for a mean (SD) duration of 6.1 (1.9) years. The prevalence of ASB was 17%. In women with DM and ASB, the creatinine clearance decreased from 87 mL/min (1.45 mL/s) at baseline to 76 mL/min (1.27 mL/s) at study end point; in women with DM without ASB the creatinine clearance decreased from 97 to 88 mL/min (from 1.62 to 1.47 mL/s). In the multivariate analyses, adjusted for age, length of follow-up, duration of DM, and microalbuminuria at baseline, no association was found between ASB and the relative or the absolute decrease in creatinine clearance; the same results were shown also when women with DM type 1 and women with DM type 2 were analyzed separately. Women with ASB developed hypertension more often than women without ASB (54% vs 37%; P = .045), but there was no significant association in the multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-3.6). CONCLUSION: Women with DM (type 1 or type 2) with ASB do not have an increased risk for a faster decline in renal function or the development of hypertension after 6 years of follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of two automated systems for detection of bacteriuria.

The Utiscreen-CORAL Biomedical system and ROBOBACT system were tested against conventional uroculture in blood agar and MacConkey agar as a reference method to determine the bacteriuria from 400 samples. For the Utiscreen-CORAL Biomedical system, a sensitivity of 92.5% was obtained. However, by the ROBOBACT system, the sensitivity was 69.9%.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1980

Virulence of Escherichia coli in acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis and asymptomatic bacteriuria.

E. coli strains were isolated from urine specimens of hospitalised patients with acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis or asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), and tested for virulence in an experimental mouse model. Of 12 pyelonephritis-strains 11 were shown to be virulent and 1 avirulent; of 12 cystitis-strains 4 were virulent and 8 avirulent; of 12 ABU-strains 5 were virulent and 7 avirulent. It is concluded that, while no difference in virulence was found between cystitis- and ABU-strains, pyelonephritis-strains were more often virulent than cystitis- and ABU-strains. No associations could be shown between virulence of the isolated strains and the presence of antibody-coated bacteria in the urine. Common urinary O types were not more often virulent than other O types. No relationship was seen between virulence and the presence of K antigen or the presence of particular K types.

Acute Disease↗