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PubMed2004

[Tissue reaction after implantation of ceramic biomaterials with introduced electrokinetic zeta potential on surface].

Studies over implants showed, that not only the kind of structure of material, but also the character of surface influences the local reaction. Endeavour to obtain the best possible biological properties of implants, intended to supplementing of osseous decreases, contributed to carrying out investigations over implants about active surface. Electrochemical reactions, occurring on implants surface, lead to beginning of electric occurrences on implant/tissue interface and beginning of so-called potential zeta. Utilization of these properties in implantology, induced us to carry out experimental studies with use of biomaterials with modified surface and of influence of potential zeta on biocompatibility. The carried out studies referred: to comparative investigations of tissue reaction of implants ceramic with of solid and porous surface, and to influence of electric load zeta on tissue reaction. For the studies were used 3 kinds of ceramics: porous, solid and solid ceramics with potential zeta (silanovated). The studies were carried out on 50 rats, to which studied ceramics was implanted into back muscles. Pathomorphological assessments were carried out 1, 4, 12, 26 and 32 weeks after implantation. The results of pathomorphological studies after implantation of ceramics solid and solid silanovated showed, that already after 1 week was formed thin membrane with visible, small blood-vessels. After 32 weeks it was significantly thicker. The produced capsule was strongly connected with surrounding muscles, and from side the implant adhered to it's surface. In case of implants of porous ceramics, already after 1 week the produced capsule of connective tissue was clearly thicker, and after 32 weeks it was, whitish, opaque, strongly connected to surrounding muscles. From side implant it became rooted in pores of ceramics. In microscopic studies it was shown, that both in early and distant period, the character and size of tissue reaction was dependent on structures of implant surface. Porous ceramics implanted in soft tissues, produced stronger inflammatory reaction being characterized with long lasting phase infiltration, which drove to producing thick connective tissue capsule. 32 weeks after implantation in the produced capsule these were visible former focuses of chondroid tissue. Reaction tissue occurring round solid ceramics, was characterized with shorter and less intensive proliferation phase. After 32 weeks visible former thin connective tissue capsule was visible. Ceramics with potential zeta (silanovated) generated minimum-tissue reaction, without visible proliferation phase. Studies in light and scanning microscopes, executed 32 weeks after implantation showed, that in produced thin layer of connective tissue were visible with adamantinating and calcifications focuses, and on the surface of ceramics were formed osseous tin plates.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of local lymphogenic spreading of malignant adrenal tumors].

The effectivity of the treatment of malignant adrenal tumors (MAT) depends on primary complete tumor resection with its regional metastases (RM). The possible regional metastases of malignant adrenal tumors in 257 patients have been studied. One third of the patients were diagnosed with regional metastases. Practically, almost all the patients had malignant adrenal tumors metastasizing lymphogenically. It was noted that independently of the tumors' localisation, morphological structure, the regional metastases more often were found in lymph nodes of the renal hilus, paranephral and paraaortical cellular tissue. Consequently, lymph nodes of the renal hilus, paranephral and paraaortical cellular tissue as well as of back muscle should be revised during radical operations in patients with malignant adrenal tumors.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of corundum-vancomycin composite on soft tissue reaction].

The ceramics on the basis of corundum is used for implantation in the form of porous and solid materials. The solid form was used to produce tissue endoprosthesis while porous form is mainly used to fill in the bone defects. The corundum ceramics are also known to be used as coatings for implants in orthopedics and dentistry. On the other hand there is still a need to find out the new way of treatment of the chronic bone infection, during which the traditional way of antibiotics therapy is no more effective. One of the possibly solution is to use the different biomaterials as drug carriers and in the bone surgery one of the best are porous corundum implants, being themselves of high biocompatibility, and additionally containing Vancomycin. The main target of the investigation presented in this paper was the comparative assessment of the corundum ceramics and its composite containing Vancomycin after implantation into back muscle of the total of 15 rats. During the post mortem macroscopic assessment in the tissues which surrounded the implants there were no any inflammatory neither pathological changes observed. In the microscopic findings, in early periods, the observed inflammatory tissue reaction for implants with vancomycin was significantly greater what could be explained by the high concentration of the antibiotic in the given material. On the basis of the results of macroscopic and microscopic findings we can state that the composite material of corundum ceramic containing vancomycin is of high compatibility and could be regarded as the good drug carrier.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed2004

[Estimation of biocompatibility of fibers with large mechanical resistance].

Aramid fibers from aromatic polyamide group are plastic materials with high mechanical resistance to breaking, small elongation and low mass. They have obtained numerous technical usage for products carrying high mechanical forces and resistance to consumption. Application of aramid in alloplasty would satisfy the grafts with high mechanical resistance. However, the biological influence and biostability of aramid is unknown and univocal. Research of the degree of biocompatibility of aramid fibres in comparison with commonly used polyester fibres with known and accepted biological reaction was the purpose of the study. The research included in the first phase: physicochemic properties, hemolytic action, cytotoxity degree, intracutaneous reactivity of aqueous extracts, in the second phase: estimation of tissue reaction after implantation the early and distant period, estimation of systemic and local induction of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta ad IL-6 after implantation. In physicochemic studies of aqueous extracts from fibers proper electric conductivity and dry residue were determined. The research of toxic action was carried out on frozen sperm of a bull estimating the survival time of sperm cells in the tested aqueous extracts. The estimation of hemolytic was conducted on human erythrocytes according to the method based on photometric measurement of blood supernatant and aqueous extracts. The research of irritating action measured with the changes of colour and size reaction after intracutaneous injection of aqueous extracts was carried out on rabbits. The research of the local reaction of soft tissue after implanting of aramid and polyester fibers into back muscles and into the peritoneal cavity was carried on 90 rats. Estimation was performed in early period, that is to 90th, and distant period, that is to the 360th day after implantation. The estimation of the local reaction of cartilaginous tissue was performed on 24 rabbits after implantation on 60, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of aramid and polyester fibers into xiphoid process of sternum. The quantitative microscopic estimation of the local reaction of tissue after implantation of fibers was performed using punctual estimation of tissue reaction. The research of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 induction after implantation of aramid and fibers into peritoneal cavity was performed on 85 mice Balb/c. the level IL-1beta and IL-6 was determined in the serum of peripheral blood of mouse and in peritoneal fluid in 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day after implantation. The results were compared with control of operative and spontaneous production of proinflammatory cytokines in non-operated animals. A rubber medical drain constituted the control of the tested cytokines induction. The determinations were made with ELISA method. The tests of resistance to biocorrosion in electronic scanning microscope were performed after implantation of fibers into peritoneal cavity of rats for 180 and 360 days. Biostability of mechanical properties of fibers after remaining for 360 days in the application of the tested breaking force in the knot and in the dynamic system of cyclic strain of fibers (with strength 20N and 1Hz). In the tests of aqueous extracts from fibers comparative pH (aramid--6.42 and polyester 6.35), four-time higher proper electric conductivity (aramid 45.5; polyester 11.0) and five-time higher-dry mass of residue after vaporization of extracts from aramid fibers in comparison with polyester fibers (aramid--10.4 mg, polyester--2.1 mg) were observed. In biological tests of aqueous extracts toxic, hemolytic or irritating action was not observed. The local reaction soft tissues after implantation of aramid and polyester fibers was similar. Macroscopically it was characterized with producing on the third day thin, transparent membrane which in distant period, was whitish, thicker and strongly connected with the implanted fibers and surrounding tissues. In the microscopic tests the reaction was characterized with a short-lasting exudative phase less intense around the aramid fibers and a proliferating phase led to producing a capsule from newly created areolar tissue sharply separated from muscles undergoing collagenization in the cicatrization phase. The produced connective tissue capsule from the side of the graft both around aramid and polyester had the cellular character with the presence of single giant multinucleated cells till the 360th day after implantation. From the side of the muscles the connective tissue streak had more dense character and in distant period consisted mainly of collagenous fibers with hyalinization features. The reaction of cartilaginous tissue after implantation both kinds of fibers from the 90th to the 360th day was similar. It was characterized with producing cartilaginous tissue and locally fibrous tissue with a large amount of intercellular substance. Connective tissue showed hyalinization features and was transformed into cartilaginous tissue. According to the punctual estimation of reaction the tested fibers caused minimal reaction. In the testes of level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 their constant presence on the low level in the serum of mouse blood and in the peritoneal fluid was observed. aramid fibers did not induce an increase of the level IL-1beta and IL-6, whereas polyester fibers in the 3rd day after surgery stimulated locally their moderate increase. The influence of surgery on the local induction IL-1beta and IL-6 was statistically essential in the 3rd day. The rubber medical drain was strong inductor of mediators of inflammation IL-1beta and IL-6. In physiocomechanical fatigue-testing and in SEM in the period to 360th day after implantation, biocorrosion of aramid and polyester fibers was not observed. The value of breaking force of aramid fibers was twice higher and the resistance to cyclic fatigue was over two hundred times higher in comparison to polyester fibers. Those differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). On the basis of the performed tests it is possible observed that aramid fibers cause minimal tissue reaction compared with the observed one around polyester fibers, they do not cause local nor systemic stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6. aramid fibers show essentially higher statistic and dynamic mechanical resistance in comparison with polyester fibers; they not undergo biocorosion and they can be useful to increase mechanical resistance of medical materials or as independent biomaterial resistant to high mechanical forces.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Differential diagnosis of adrenal masses using out-of-phase FLASH imaging. A preliminary report.

The purpose of this report was to suggest the ability to differentiate adrenal masses by out-of-phase FLASH imaging. The images were obtained with breath-holding at TR/TE 100/12 ms, flip angle 20 degrees. The material included adrenal adenoma (n = 16), nodular hyperplasia (n = 1), pheochromocytoma (n = 5), and adrenal metastatic tumors (n = 7). The signal intensity ratios of the adrenal mass/the diaphragmatic crus, back muscle, and renal cortex were obtained. The mean values of the ratios of adenomas or nodular hyperplasia were significantly different from pheochromocytomas or metastases. Although the number of adrenal masses was fairly small, the ratios of adrenal mass/diaphragmatic crus could distinguish them with no overlapping case. All 17 masses with the ratio of 1.16 or less were adenomas or nodular hyperplasia, whereas all 12 masses with a ratio greater than 1.23 were pheochromocytomas or metastases. This result suggests the ability of out-of-phase FLASH imaging to differentiate adrenal masses.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

[Observation of safety and efficacy of tadalafil for men with erectile dysfunction].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the safety and efficacy of tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in clinical research. METHODS: Eighty patients with ED, before and after 20 mg tadalafil administered orally, received respectively the rigiscan examination with aural and visual sexual stimulation at the same time, and then Bphallic circumference variation, stiffness index, duration were compared before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Phallic stiffness index, duration revealed a statistically (P < 0.05) obvious improvement before and after the treatment for all patients. A significant difference (P < 0.01) on the phallic stiffness index, duration were found between the patients with psychogenic ED and others with organic or mixed ED after the treatment. Overall satisfaction with tadalafil was 82.5%. There was an obvious difference on the curative rates between the patients with psychogenic ED (92.3%) and others with organic ED (68.7%) or mixed ED (58.3%). All adverse events (11 cases of headache and dizziness, 8 cases of digestive canal unwell, 5 cases of flushing, 2 cases of back muscle pain) associated with tadalafil were mild and recovered without any treatment. CONCLUSION: Tadalafil improves erectile function significantly in most patients. Adverse reactions are generally transient and mild to moderate in nature.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Quantification of artefacts in surface EMG by validating the lower frequency limit in clinico-physiologic studies].

The surface-EMG becomes more and more important because computer assisted analysing systems can be applied. The occurrence of artefacts makes it very difficult to compare several recorded EMG channels with each other. In this study a frequency related quantification of movement artefacts and ECG-related influences on the EMG is carried out to select a suitable lower cut-off frequency for surface-EMG investigations. In 764 monopolar surface-EMG-recordings of the neck and back muscles the solely artefact-caused part of EMG-segments was analysed and quantified by means of modelling methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gastric bladder reconstruction.

Overall, stomach is an ideal tissue that is readily accessible for bladder augmentation or substitution. It has excellent muscle backing for antireflux and continence procedures. Its fibroelastic characteristics allow construction of a capacious and compliant reservoir. It has special merit in patients who have been irradiated by virtue of being rarely involved in the field of radiation; in patients with short bowel, because it usually is not associated with congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract; in patients with renal compromise and metabolic acidosis, because of its ability to secrete chloride and hydrogen ions; in patients with chronic urinary infections; and in patients with difficulty with catheterization because of excessive mucus.

Acidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the musculoskeletal system of the spine in humans after long-term space flights by the method of computerized tomography].

By computer tomography, mineral density of lumbar vertebrae and their segments as well as back muscle (++ilio-costal, extensor and ++inter-spinal) density and mass were measured in four Salyut-7 crewmembers before and after extended flights (of 5 and 7 months in duration). These findings are in good agreement with the results of prolonged bed rest studies in which trabecular bone of vertebral bodies was investigated: mineral density diminished only in some (approximately 10%) of the test subjects. At the same time mineral density loss was seen in the vertebral elements where muscles were attached. Also, muscle mass was reduced. It is emphasized that the level of changes was not correlated with flight time. Further investigations in this area are discussed.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methylprednisolone has a preventive effect on the development of radiological changes, thickening and stiffening of the rabbit knee following immobilization.

The effect of methylprednisolone (MP), Depo-Medrol, on the development of radiologically detectable changes, i.e. thickening and stiffening in rabbit knees following a standard immobilization method, was investigated. The right knees of 34 rabbits were immobilized by a splint and an elastic bandage in extension for five weeks, whereafter the splint was removed. Twelve of the rabbits were given MP in the back muscles once a week during the immobilization period only and eight other rabbits were given diminishing doses during the immobilization period and also during the remobilization period. Marked radiologically detectable changes, stiffening, and thickening developed regularly in the immobilized knees of the rabbits which were not given MP. In the other rabbits MP had a significant preventive effect on the development of all these pathological signs. The degree of the effect of MP was related to the dose and to the administration period. The optimal effect was registered when MP was given initially in large but then gradually diminishing doses during the immobilization and the remobilization periods.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A family of scapula-back type of x-linked recessive muscular dystrophy].

In this paper are described seven men with a scapula-back type of x-linked recessive muscular dystrophy in a family. Onset began in boyhood. The scapula-back muscles were affected, but the calf muscles were normal. All of the patients were able to walk. The oldest patient was thirty-seven years old. Muscular dystrophy was confirmed by electro-myography (EMG), pathologic and CPK examinations. Pedigree analysis indicated x-linked recessive inheritance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Observations on clinical therapeutic effect in treating soft tissue injuries by acupuncture, with pain threshold and electromyography as parameters.

360 observations were made on 120 cases of soft tissue injury divided into groups. 1. Among the 100 patients in the acupuncture treatment group, 300 observations were made; among the 20 controls there were 60 observations. The effective rate in the acupuncture treatment group was 85.00%; in the control group it was 41.67%, a very significant difference (P less than 0.01). 2. Relationship between therapeutic course and effect. The effective rate for the first course was 74.00%; it was 90.50% when more than two courses were given, a very significant difference (P less than 0.01) indicating the marked effect of acupuncture treatment. 3. Based on the therapeutic theory of TCM syndrome differentiation and reinforcement method in the asthenia state, and reducing method in asthenia state, different manipulations were used for asthenia-heat and asthenia-cold types with good clinical results. There was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) between the effective rate in these two types, pointing up the significance of the TCM syndrome differentiation theory in clinical acupuncture. 4. There was very significant difference (P less than 0.01) in the degree of pressed pain on the patient's tender spot before and after acupuncture treatment, also (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001 respectively) in the EMG amplitude on the affected side of the lumbar area before and after acupuncture treatment during light and heavy force in extension action of back muscles. Acupuncture treatment on soft tissue disease based on TCM syndrome differentiation theory is thus shown to be effective.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacologic characterization of acute chlordiazepoxide dependence in the rat.

A single intoxicating dose of chlordiazepoxide HCl (p.o.) in the rat can induce quantifiable manifestations of physical dependence. Dependence was revealed by antagonist precipitation (Ro 15-1788, CGS-8216) as well as spontaneous emergence of neurobehavioral signs of withdrawal observed by multiple raters blind to treatments. Ro 15-1788 was 45% more effective than CGS-8216 in both reversing chlordiazepoxide intoxication and expressing withdrawal signs. The severity of Ro 15-1788-precipitated withdrawal varied with chlordiazepoxide dose, Ro 15-1788 dose and the agonist-antagonist dose interval. Maximal precipitated dependence was evoked 3 days after chlordiazepoxide HCl (450 mg/kg) by Ro 15-1788 (25 mg/kg i.p.). The precipitated syndrome consisted of tail erection, reduced motor activity, high step, curled claw, arched back, muscle hypertonus and piloerection. Ro 15-1788-precipitated dependence emerged between 28 and 52 hr, peaked at 76 hr and disappeared by 124 hr. Spontaneous withdrawal had emerged from 100 to 124 hr and then faded gradually. The neurobehavioral expression of central nervous system depression and its reversal were necessary but not sufficient conditions for the induction and expression of acute chlordiazepoxide dependence. These results suggest caution in reviving acute benzodiazepine-overdosed patients to avoid iatrogenic withdrawal analogous to naloxone for opiates.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Physical fitness of children aged 5 and 6 years.

Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2 max) of 85 healthy kindergarten children, 46 boys and 39 girls, aged 5 and 6 years, was determined by means of track running. Their physique, skinfold thickness, grip and back muscle strength, and performances of 25 m-run, 50 m-run, standing broad jump, and 5 min-endurance run were also measured. Skinfold thickness of girls was significantly larger than that of boys. Boys were significantly superior to girls in all the motor performances. The Vo2 max per unit of body weight was 49.46 ml/kg/min for boys and 46.30 ml/kg/min for girls, the sex difference being significant at the 0.001 level. The correlation coefficient between Vo2 max per kg body weight and 5 min-endurance run performance was 0.417 for boys and 0.049 for girls, while that between absolute Vo2 max and body weight was 0.899 for boys and 0.563 for girls. The regression equation of the absolute value of Vo2 max (liter/min) on body weight (kg) was: Y=0.051X-0.025 for boys and Y=0.024 + 0.408 for girls, the regression coefficient of boys being twice as large as that of girls. It appears that at ages 5-6 sex differences are exhibited ont only in muscle strength and agility but also in endurance run and aerobic work capacity.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1983

Intervertebral disc pressures during traction.

Pressures in the third lumbar discs were measured in vivo during active and passive traction. During active traction an increase in pressure was always recorded, with larger increases corresponding to larger traction forces. During passive traction the pressure remained close to the resting pressure; sometimes slight increases were recorded, sometimes slight decreases. It is concluded that when traction is applied so that the back muscles contract, then disc pressures will increase.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Conservative options in the management of spinal disorders, Part I. Bed rest, mechanical and energy-transfer therapies.

Current literature does not support the efficacy of solitary use of energy-transfer therapies, such as ice or heat treatments, or electrotherapy, for the treatment of idiopathic back pain. Bed rest does not alter the natural history of back pain, and in fact can be detrimental to optimal recovery. Mechanical therapies, such as traction and orthoses, have limited usefulness. Although orthoses do not appear to weaken the trunk, they also do not appear to alter posture out of the brace, do not consistently diminish back muscle action during activities, and do not immobilize the spine. There have been no conclusive studies to substantiate the solitary use of any of these forms of treatment, although some may be beneficial at times in an adjunctive role.

Bed Rest↗
PubMed1994

[The partial volume effect correction for pulmonary mass lesions using a 68Ga/68Ge transmission scan in PET study].

We tried to correct the partial volume effect for pulmonary mass lesions using a 68Ga/68Ge transmission scan. Initially, a fundamental study was done using spherical phantoms and good results were obtained. Next, a clinical evaluation was performed on 28 pulmonary mass lesions ranging in diameter from 0.8 cm to 8.0 cm. The tissue fractions of the mass lesions were obtained by a 68Ga/68Ge transmission scan, where the tissue fraction in the back muscles was assumed to have a value of 1. The tissue fraction of the surrounding lung field was subtracted from that of each mass lesions, and the net tissue fraction was thereby obtained. When no correction was required, the tumor/muscle count ratio (TMR) became higher in proportion with an increase in the mass size. After performing a correction, however, no correlation was observed between them. This method was both easy to perform and reliable, and it is thus considered to be useful for overcoming the partial volume effect in pulmonary mass lesions, although an underestimation may still occur in cases with mass lesions either near the great vessels or the chest wall.

Gallium Radioisotopes↗