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PubMedDate not supplied

[Submicroscopic organization and spore formation of Desulfotomaculum nigrificans].

The submicroscopic organization and spore formation were studied in two strains of Desulfotomaculum nigrificans, 435 and 781. Cross-sections of cells fixed with osmic acid and contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate revealed a cell wall devoid of the outer lipoprotein membrane, which was typical of gram-positive bacteria. The cell wall consisted of three electron-dense layers and two layers of lower electron density. A layer of a microcapsule having fibrillar structure and a thickness of 23-33 nm was detected on the surface of the cell wall. The cytoplasmic membrane and intracellular membrane structures were represented by the Robertson membrane about 9 nm thick. The cytoplasm contained electron-dense polyribosomal granules and inclusions having fine-granular structure. The nucleoid was located in the central part of the cell as an electron-transparent zone penetrated with electron-dense DNA threads 2.5 nm thick. The paper presents microphotographs of the main stages of spore formation which follows the mechanism described for bacteria of the Bacillus genus. The poles of spindle-like cells have electron-dense disk-shaped formations covered with a three-layer membrane and containing electron-dense granules, apparently, corresponding to polyribosomes.

Bacillaceae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Distribution of thermophilic sulfate reducing bacteria in the oil-bearing strata of Apsheron and Western Siberia].

Enrichment cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria were obtained by inoculating the water of high-temperature gas and oil-bearing strata. A study of the morphology of these cells has shown that the thermophilic bacterium Desulfovibrio thermophilus occurs in the deposits of the Apsheron Peninsula while Desulfootomaculum nigrificans is found in the deposits of West Siberia. The former organism is involved in the accumulation of H2S in the Apsheron strata. The temperature of the strata is believed to be the factor which regulates the incidence of bacteria.

Bacillaceae↗
PubMed1981

Hepatic and appendiceal Whipple's disease with negative jejunal biopsies.

A 20-year-old man with Whipple's disease, right upper quadrant pain, abnormal liver tests and multiple negative peroral small bowel biopsies is presented. The patient underwent laparotomy: foamy macrophages were noted in the appendix and mesenteric lymph nodes; using electron microscopy, bacillary bodies were seen in the appendix, the mesenteric lymph node, and the liver. This patient had the rare occurrence of Whipple's disease of the appendix with bacillary bodies in the liver and a clinical picture compatible with hepatic involvement or cholangitis and a slow response to conventional antibiotic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thermophillic sulfate-reducing bacteria from oil-bearing strata].

The paper describes pure cultures (strains 435 and 781) of thermophilic spore-forming sulphate-reducing bacteria isolated from oil strata. The strain 435 was classed as a new subspecies Desulfotomaculum nigrificnas subsp. salinus according to its morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The cells of the culture are rod-like, 2-5 mcm long and 0.9-1.3 mcm thick. Some cells are spindle-shaped. The cells have peritrichously arranged flagella. Spores are oval, located terminally or subterminally, slightly widening the cells. The culture is an obligate anaerobe. It grows in media containing sulphates and assimilates sodium salts of lactic, pyruvic, malic and formic acids, ethanol, and butanol. The cuture assimilates pyruvate in the absence of sulphates. Sulphate, sulphite and thiosulphate are electron acceptors when the culture grows on lactate. The organism can grow at 40-70 degrees C, the optimum temperature being 60 degrees C. It requires NaCl for growth, and can grow even in the presence of 4% NaCl in the medium. The optimum should contain 1% NaCl and microelements. Desulfoviridin is absent. The cells contain a cytochrome of the protoheme class. The content of G + C base pairs in DNA is 57.0 +/- 0.5 mol. %.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1981

[Geomicrobiological studies. XIV. Heavy metal tolerance of desulfurizing bacteria under various ecological conditions].

Tolerance and adaptation to heavy metals of Desulfovibrio- and Desulfotomaculum-strains of different origin have been investigated in enrichment cultures under different conditions of sulphate supply. Three groups of low, medium, and high toxicity were found with As, V, and Mo in the first, Ni, Sb, Co, and Hg in the second, and Cd, Zn, U, and Cu in the third group. If the SO"4-supply was restricted to heavy metal sulphates with a relation of 1:1 of heavy metal- and SO"4 -ions (2:3 with Sb2(SO4)3) the tolerance was somewhat lowered. Adaptation to higher concentrations of heavy metals was possible, if the strains had not yet been exposed and adapted to higher concentration levels at their natural habitats. The tolerance range of desulfurizers has been compared with the tolerance range of different biochemical types of microorganisms.

Bacillaceae↗
PubMed1980

[Firefly assay of bacterial ATP: comparative study of extraction methods (author's transl)].

The firefly bioluminescence ATP assay presents multiple applications in microbiological analysis. Nine ATP extraction methods were tested on thirteen Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial species. The DMSO method appears as the procedure for choice. It provides the highest yields and the best reproducibility, even at high bacterial concentrations. It is simple, rapid and can be recommended for routine analysis. Assays carried out after extraction by this procedure show that in 24 hours cultures, the ATP content ranges from 0.28 fg to 15.65 fg per cell depending on species.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1995

[Intracerebral hemorrhage and multiple brain abscesses caused by Bacillus cereus within the scope of acute lymphatic leukemia].

Multiple hematogenic brain abscesses in immunosuppression are occasionally caused by rare and primary apathogenic causative agents. We report a first case of an isolated CNS infection by Bacillus cereus, which led to death from multiple brain abscesses and an intracerebral hemorrhage, probably caused by the infection, within 4 days. The underlying disease leading to immunosuppression was acute lymphatic leukemia in complete remission. In spite of antibiotic therapy the chemotherapy-induced neutropenia enabled unhindered spreading of the necrotizing infection, which was verified by histological analysis. The production of potent toxins such as hemolysin and cerelolysin by B. cereus leads to rapid and fulminant tissue destruction usually involving the walls of blood vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Development of a monoclonal antibody-based competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Bacillus piliformis isolate-specific antibodies in laboratory animals.

A competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect Bacillus piliformis isolate-specific antibodies in serum specimens from rats and gerbils experimentally infected with B. piliformis isolates R1, R2, or M. Detection was based on the ability of serum antibodies to block binding of B. piliformis isolate-specific monoclonal antibodies to purified B. piliformis flagella. Application of this assay to serum specimens collected from sham-infected or experimentally infected rats and gerbils demonstrated that the serum specimens were capable of specifically inhibiting the binding of B. piliformis isolate-specific monoclonal antibodies to homologous flagella preparations (> 70% inhibition) only when the serum specimens were from animals infected with the homologous B. piliformis isolate. Only one false-negative and false-positive result were obtained when 80 serum specimens were tested by this competitive inhibition ELISA. In addition, we demonstrated that little nonspecific inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding occurred (< 30% inhibition) in this immunoassay specific inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding by serum was due to serum antibody and a serum's ability to inhibit binding of monoclonal antibodies to purified B. piliformis flagella was correlated with antibody reactivity with B. piliformis flagella but not with serum antibody reactivity to whole B. piliformis organisms. These results suggest that this monoclonal antibody-based competitive inhibition assay could be successfully applied to the serologic identification of isolates involved in naturally occurring B. piliformis infections in laboratory animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Blood parameters and enzyme values of healthy and sick racing camels (Camelus dromedarius)].

Camel races have a long tradition in Arabia. Since the oil boom of the 1960s a tremendous revival of the old Bedouin tradition of camel racing has occurred in the United Arab Emirates. These camel races are comparable to horse races in Europe and the U.S.A. Since 1985 the most valuable racing camels of Dubai are routinely tested in the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL) for their stamina and endurance. Blood and serum enzyme values, which have been statistically ascertained through testing of 10000 healthy racing camels, are now generally accepted as reference values. Besides these check-ups of healthy racing camels, hematological tests, enzyme and substrate estimations are performed on sick racing camels. These tests support the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of sick camels. In this connection three diseases are discussed: B. cereus intoxication, Clostridium perfringens enterotoxemia and Trypanosomiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Bacillus species pseudobacteremia following hospital construction.

A 13-fold increase (0.08 to 1.05%) in the isolation rate of Bacillus species from in-patient blood cultures led to the investigation of pseudobacteremia over a four-month period. Data on blood isolates (BACTEC NR 660, bottle types 6A and PEDS) of Bacillus species were compiled between July and October 1993. BACTEC bottles, as well as their plastic lids and rubber septa (representing 20% of stored bottles), and alcohol swabs, iodine preparation pads and butterfly collection systems were cultured. Air plates inside the BACTEC 660 instrument were cultured, as well as swabs of both the BACTEC needles and the interior of the BACTEC handling area. To investigate carry-over contamination, sterile BACTEC bottles were tested immediately following bottles containing Bacillus species. Growth of Bacillus species was obtained from 16% of the plastic lids and 1.3% of the rubber septa. No growth was obtained from other cultures. The outbreak coincide with construction on a driveway of the hospital over the area where BACTEC bottles were stored. Upon completion of construction in November 1993, the isolation of Bacillus species returned to baseline. No pseudobacteremia isolates occurred in areas where the trained intravenous team was assigned. In conclusion, hospital construction leading to airborne spread of Bacillus species may cause Bacillus species pseudobacteremia, and failure to disinfect blood culture bottles adequately may predispose to such an outcome.

Bacillaceae Infections↗
PubMed1994

Detection of Bacillus piliformis by specific amplification of ribosomal sequences.

In an effort to explore a sensitive species-specific detection system using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for B. piliformis, we sequenced 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of the organism (MSK strain) isolated from the mouse and compared it with known rDNA sequences of the RJ strain isolated from the rat. Sequence homology between the MSK strain and the RJ strain was over 97%, but homology between the MSK strain and other bacterial species was less (70-83%). The results indicated that the sequences included B. piliformis species-specific regions. On the basis of the sequences, we designed a PCR primer set which amplifies B. piliformis rDNA specifically. The PCR with the primer set detected not only these two strains but also an HN strain of hamster origin, although it did not detect other organisms. Therefore, this primer set was considered to be specific for B. piliformis species. More than one organism (RJ strain) could be detected by the PCR method. Nine Jcl:Wistar rats were infected perorally with 2x10(4) RJ strain organisms, and three rats each were sacrificed on days 1, 3 and 5 postinoculation (p.i.) to investigate the presence of the organism in the liver, heart, cecum, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes by PCR and the immunofluorescence test. On days 1 and 3 p.i., B. piliformis was not detected in any tissues of the six rats, but B. piliformis was detected in two of the three rats sacrificed on day 5 p.i. The presence of the pathogen was seen in both liver and heart (1/3), or in the cecum (1/3) by both methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗