Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ARCHIVES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Concept of Hokkaido University picture archiving communication system.

The basic concept of Hokkaido University picture archiving communication system (HU-PACS) for its design in hardware architecture and in its characteristic functions is reported. After almost 10 years, the concept was solidified as the opinion of most of the doctors of HU Hospital. Discussions with vendors were very helpful in providing technical or industrial expertise and equipment to effect this concept with the limited funds available.

Radiology Information Systems↗
PubMed1991

Network system: the integrated picture archiving and communication system with the hospital information system.

We describe the outline of Hokkaido University picture archiving and communication system (HU-PACS) and its network functions. HU-PACS processes 0.5 Gbytes of images daily through 10 acquisition devices. Functional integration of hospital information system (HIS) and PACS has been implemented. The HU-PACS can access common data base with HIS. Multi-image data-base systems provide fast throughput of image retrieval. The system is composed of 4 modules: (1) 2 image data-base systems (IDS), (2) 1 image management system (IMS), (3) image display terminals (IDT), and (4) 8 image acquisition nodes interfaced to 10 modalities and 1 film scanner. These 4 modules are connected by branch and loop type local area networks (LAN). HU-PACS has functions other than basic PACS functions. Images in optical disk library (ODL) are loaded onto magnetic disks (MD) in advance according to patient booking information, the images expected to be viewed are transferred to the local storage automatically, and the desired images can be pre-downloaded into local storage by instruction through HIS terminals.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1991

The practical use and evaluation of picture archiving and communication system in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.

A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) was started in June 1989 in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. The PACS system has several advantages: space savings for storage of images, safe custody and quick access to image data, simultaneous access to image data, the possibility of obtaining good quality data on utilization of images, and applications for medical education and resident training. However, this system has just begun, and several problems must still be solved. In this article, we describe our experiences with the PACS system in the outpatient clinic of the department of orthopaedic surgery.

Hospital Departments↗
PubMed1991

Picture archiving and communication system in Hokkaido University Hospital: advantage and disadvantage of HU-PACS chest roentgenogram images in the outpatient clinic.

A new Hokkaido University picture archiving and communication system (HU-PACS) has been in clinical use in the outpatient clinic at HU Hospital. To evaluate the quality of the cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitor images, we compared the detectability of line shadows in the chest roentgenogram images on the CRT monitor with those on the computed radiography (CR) film. We randomized chest roentgenograms from 20 patients who were admitted to the outpatient clinic with pulmonary disease. Two physicians, whose speciality is chest roentgenogram diagnosis, checked whether they could recognize a horizontal fissure line (hairline) on the posteroanterior view and a minor fissure line and major fissure lines on the lateral view. Only 30% of hairlines were recognized on CRT monitor as compared with 65% on CR film. On the lateral view, only 68% of major fissures and 53% of minor fissures on CRT monitor were recognized as compared with 89% and 79%, respective on CR film. Furthermore, it was somewhat difficult to follow entire lines on some of the CRT monitor images. Clinically, the greatest advantage of the PACS is immediate availability of images, including chest roentgenogram, chest computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PACS is also convenient for consulting colleagues in other departments. Unfortunately, the quality of the image on the CRT monitor is not yet good enough to visualize line shadows and small solitary lesions on the chest roentgenogram image. Recent advances in high technology have been so rapid, however, that higher resolution CRT monitors will be available soon.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1991

Management and clinical utilization of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography in Hokkaido University Hospital picture archiving and communication system.

We made a preliminary assessment of the Hokkaido University picture archiving and communication system (HU-PACS). Data access time from either imaging machines or data base to workstations was 1.5 minutes, which is great benefit for data communication in routine examinations. Image quality of the work station was estimated in terms of brain computed tomography (CT) and digitized cerebral angiograms. Cerebral infarction was definitely observed on the cathode-ray tube (CRT) monitor of the work station. Although the picture quality of CRT was acceptable, we had to manipulate window level and width for CRT diagnosis of cerebral angiography. Data compression was routinely used without significant degradation of those image quality. Nevertheless, further improvement of maneuverability of the workstation should be considered.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1991

Picture archiving and communication systems and related developments in Sweden.

Large PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) installations do not yet exist in Sweden, but some hospitals have had experience with limited PACS activities. At present there are four mini PACS installations in radiology departments and about 12 teleradiology systems in use in Sweden. A couple of small Swedish enterprises work in the market segment of digital imaging including PACS and teleradiology, although the radiology market is dominated by the large international companies. Interest in PACS and teleradiology in Sweden has increased during the last few years, along with advancements in technology and international experience. However, radiology is organized very differently in the United States, Japan, Southern Europe, and Scandinavia. Because of this, PACS will be introduced in different ways, and experience with PACS gained in one health care system may differ from that gained from other health care systems. This article reviews the status of PACS and related developments in Sweden.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Radiology information systems, picture archiving and communication systems, teleradiology--overview and design criteria.

Information technology (IT), long taken for granted in commercial settings, is now being utilized for health-care applications. Medical imaging has lagged comparatively due to the extremely vast data content of each frame; thus, the requirement for expensive high-end components. Further, IT in radiology has evolved from two distinctly separate camps--information systems, known as RIS (radiology information systems) and PACS (picture archiving and communications systems). Both RIS and PACS applications have migrated to the PC environment, enabling cost-effective implementation, but from two backgrounds: RIS from vendors using conventional information systems platforms and products, and PACS from radiographic film and modality vendors. The radiology department at Texas Tech University has assembled a seamlessly integrated, enterprise-wide RIS/PACS/teleradiology intranet. The design criteria include user-friendliness, flexibility to respond to changing needs, and open modular architecture to assure interoperability, cost-effectiveness, and future-proofing of investment. Since no single venor could provide an integrated system meeting our specifications, we decided to assume the burden of constructing our own system. As the system integrator, we embrace open architecture, thus enabling the incorporation of industry-standard-compliant, COTS (commercially off the shelf) products as modules. Microsoft Windows NT operating system, Visual C++ programming language, TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internetworking protocol), relational SQL (structured query language) database, ODBC (open database connectivity), HL-7 (health level seven) and DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) interfaces are utilized. The usage of COTS components reduces the cost to very affordable levels. With this approach, any module in our system can be replaced when outmoded, without affecting other modules in our system, making it truly future-proof. Construction and evolution of our system (TECHRAD) is reviewed.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2000

Understanding financing options for PACS implementation. Picture archiving and communication systems.

The acquisition of expensive equipment such as picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) becomes increasingly difficult as capital budgets become tighter. Traditional ownership financing options in the form of direct purchase or financing (loan) have several limitations including technology obsolescence, higher fixed pricing, limited options for equipment disposal, and the need to tie up valuable capital. Alternative financing options, in the form of conventional lease and risk sharing arrangements, offer several theoretical advantages including technology obsolescence protection in the form of built-in upgrades, preservation of borrowing power, multiple end-of-term options, and payment flexibility (which can be directly tied to realized productivity and operational efficiency gains). These options are discussed, with emphasis on the acquisition of PACS.

Capital Financing↗
PubMed2000

Content-based retrieval in picture archiving and communication systems.

A COntent-Based Retrieval Architecture (COBRA) for picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) is introduced. COBRA improves the diagnosis, research, and training capabilities of PACS systems by adding retrieval by content features to those systems. COBRA is an open architecture based on widely used health care and technology standards. In addition to regular PACS components, COBRA includes additional components to handle representation, storage, and content-based similarity retrieval. Within COBRA, an anatomy classification algorithm is introduced to automatically classify PACS studies based on their anatomy. Such a classification allows the use of different segmentation and image-processing algorithms for different anatomies. COBRA uses primitive retrieval criteria such as color, texture, shape, and more complex criteria including object-based spatial relations and regions of interest. A prototype content-based retrieval system for MR brain images was developed to illustrate the concepts introduced in COBRA.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

The reality of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS): a survey.

Toward the end of 1997 vendors were succeeding in installing picture, archiving and communication systems (PACS) in larger numbers. It was hard to separate fact from fiction at times. This survey was undertaken by 2 members of the academic community to confirm what was operational, how well the installed systems worked, and what they were doing. Fax questionnaires were sent to nearly 1,000 facilities worldwide to identify PACS of any size in clinical operation on a date certain, February 1, 1998. A total of 177 PACS were identified. Facilities furnished responses during the first survey period from May 1 to November 1, 1998. A second survey, done in February and March of 2000, sought long-term follow-up data. Many systems operated 5 or more types of modalities. Computed tomography (CT) was the most common modality type at 83%, but the distribution of the rest held surprises. There also was an unexpectedly large use of soft copy reading and filmless operation in 1998. Clear trends toward increased use of computed radiography and digital radiography and a significant expansion on the percentage of all of a facility's examinations on the PACS were seen over the 2 years. Satisfaction with original PACS vendors was relatively high. Eighty-nine percent remained with their original vendor. Only 10 sites reported they changed vendors, and 4 facilities said they abandoned their system. The users reported their expectations of the PACS had been met in 81% of cases. Some (65%) declared their systems were cost effective. The most striking response was that 97% of the users would recommend PACS to others.

Asia↗
PubMed2000

Significant savings in radiologic report turnaround time after implementation of a complete picture archiving and communication system (PACS).

One of the important advantages of the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) is the time saved in comparison with the conventional system. A group of 100 radiologic studies done in a conventional radiology department is compared with another group of the same number done in a completely filmless PACS department to assess the difference in the radiologist report turnaround time. There was a statistically significant (P < .00001) decrease in the median imaging-to-dictation time (IDT) of the PACS group (3 hours and 40 minutes) in comparison with the pre-PACS group (25 hours and 19 minutes). This can be attributed to the fact that PACS eliminates all the workload associated with hard copy films, thus, improving the department's efficiency and decreasing the number of lost films.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed1993

Communications for a picture archiving communications system with a parallel operating image data base.

In cooperation with BAZIS (Support Group Hospital Information Systems at Leiden, The Netherlands), we started the design of a Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) a few years ago that contains a centralized image data base. By means of system modeling and measuring some performance parameters, we have discovered that such a system cannot provide the required response times. This is mainly because of equipment communications interfaces that are not fast enough and have a throughput that does not generally exceed 16 Mbits/second. By providing a parallel operating image buffer system, the problems related to the limited speed of the communication interfaces can be overcome. Moreover, by splitting the network into a number of subnets connected to each other by means of "bridges," the communications load can be locally reduced, improving in this manner the response times. Our PACS contains a supervisor and one relational data base that relates patient data with image locations. A significant part of the report is concerned with the design of the high speed American College of Radiology-National Electronic Manufacturing Association transmission control protocol/internet protocol (ACR-NEMA TCP/IP) communications interface. The use of such an interface eliminates the need for a Network Interface Unit, reducing in this manner communication delays and complexity. We have developed and have in operation for experimental purposes a small-scale PACS, consisting of a number of workstations, a relational data base and image buffers, all connected to a network that uses the ACR-NEMA TCP/IP protocols. This experimental PACS is used to provide input data to a PACS performance model, to validate this model, and to investigate alternative system configurations.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1993

Interfacing aspects between the picture archiving communications systems, radiology information systems, and hospital information systems.

Information relevant to radiological applications is commonly managed by several autonomous medical information systems including hospital information systems (HIS), radiological information systems (RIS), and picture archiving and communications systems (PACS). In this report, we explain the need to coordinate these systems and to provide some framework in which they can exchange information. In the first half of this report, we describe the integration of a PACS system into a hospital operation. Next, we present the interfacing methods between the HIS and the RIS, and between the RIS and the PACS. Two methods are further detailed for the communication between the RIS and the PACS (1) the triggered database to database transfer, and (2) the query protocol. The implementation of the first method successfully allows RIS reports, procedure and patient demographic information to be displayed at the request of the user along with the associated images at a PACS workstation. The query protocol allows a PACS to dynamically query RIS information. It will be eventually integrated into the design of a scientific multimedia distributed medical database system built on top of the HIS, the RIS, and the PACS.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1993

Operational departmentwide picture archiving communication system analysis using discrete event-driven block-oriented network simulation.

The accurate prediction of image throughput is a critical issue in planning for and acquisition of any successful picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Simulation plays an important role in this effort. The PACS image management chain is decomposed into eight subsystems. These subsystems include network transfers over three different networks and five software programs and/or queueing structures. This decomposition is used to create a simulation model that was effectuated using commercially available block-oriented network simulation software. From the PACS database, the traffic generation patterns of the imaging modality devices are used to drive the simulation. The simulation models the image file flow through the PACS for a 24-hour period. The behavior of the simulated traffic generators agreed well with the values derived from the PACS database. The mean delay for the simulated PACS is found to be 225 +/- 59 seconds. The delay time was found to vary during the simulated 24-hour cycle in a consistent manner with observations. This simulation provides estimates on what a radiological department can expect from a PACS in terms of throughput, utilization, and delay. The block-oriented network simulator (BONeS, Comdisco Systems Inc, Foster City, CA) simulation model of the modeled PACS is highly accurate. The models for the imaging modality traffic sources are validated with a high degree of accuracy. The simulation model allows for the study of what happens to the delay time under various loads. In this simulation, the reformatting process was determined to be the bottleneck causing a large increase in delay time under heavy loads.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1993

A modular method for evaluating the performance of picture archiving and communication systems.

Modeling can be used to predict the performance of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) configurations under various load conditions at an early design stage. This is important because choices made early in the design of a system can have a significant impact on the performance of the resulting implementation. Because PACS consist of many types of components, it is important to do such evaluations in a modular manner, so that alternative configurations and designs can be easily investigated. Stochastic activity networks (SANs) and reduced base model construction methods can aid in doing this. SANs are a model type particularly suited to the evaluation of systems in which several activities may be in progress concurrently, and each activity may affect the others through the results of its completion. Together with SANs, reduced base model construction methods provide a means to build highly modular models, in which models of particular components can be easily reused. In this article, we investigate the use of SANs and reduced base model construction techniques in evaluating PACS. Construction and solution of the models is done using UltraSAN, a graphic-oriented software tool for model specification, analysis, and simulation. The method is illustrated via the evaluation of a realistically sized PACS for a typical United States hospital of 300 to 400 beds, and the derivation of system response times and component utilizations.

Models, Theoretical↗
PubMed1994

Redirection of client/server relationship of X Window system as a simple, low-cost, departmental picture archiving and communication system solution for nuclear medicine.

Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) offer significant advantages over current film-management techniques. However, PACS are complex and expensive, factors that have limited their entry into the radiology and nuclear medicine communities. We present a simple, low-cost PACS solution that allows viewing of images from different computer systems by redirection of the X Window system. In this technique, multiple copies of the imaging software are remotely opened from generic UNIX workstations interfaced to the main computer system via Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol over Ethernet. The X Window system that provides the windowing system for the main computer is redirected to the workstations' displays. With this technique, viewing and processing of images on a remote station is virtually identical to working at the main computer's console. The technique requires that the commercial imaging system's hardware, operating system, and imaging software support multiuser multitasking and the execution of multiple copies of its imaging software, and that they use X Windows as the graphical system. Advantages of the technique include low cost, ease of maintenance, ease of interconnecting different types of computers, the capacity to view images regardless of file format, and the capacity to both view and process images. The latter is a necessity for modalities such as nuclear medicine. A disadvantage of the technique is that the number of nodes that can be supported is limited.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1994

Developing a new picture archiving and communication system for the new Osaka University Hospital.

Osaka University Hospital moved into a new hospital building on the suburban Suita campus in October 1993. A newly developed hospital information system, a new radiologic information system and phase I of a completely new Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) also began operating. Work began in 1986 on this PACS. The PACS effort has been guided by one working group and two committees during the last 7 years. A survey of the previous diagnostic and image delivery system was performed as part of the preamble to designing an optimal PACS. Extensive analysis and measurement of pre-existing operational conditions was undertaken. These studies and technical research projects are described in a companion paper in this issue. The phase I hardware installation and initial testing were completed in March 1994. Subsequent phases will build incrementally until the completely new, hospital-wide PACS is realized.

Computer Systems↗