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At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Platelet adherence to collagen. The influence of acetylsalicylic acid.

Under conditions of low shear and in the absence of laminar flow the addition of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), but not of sodium salicylate, to human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in vitro significantly inhibited platelet adherence to collagen (p less than 0.001). Inhibition was of similar degree (17%) at ASA concentrations of 10 and 1,000 microM, but was less (10% inhibition) in PRP with erythrocytes added to 40% hematocrit. The ingestion of 600 mg ASA had negligible effect on platelet adherence in whole blood or in PRP. There was no correlation between the effects of ASA on adherence and on platelet aggregation in vitro or ex vivo. It is concluded that the effect of ASA on platelet adherence is unlikely to be important in vivo, except perhaps in vascular sites where flow is non-laminar and where shear rates and/or the physical forces on platelets are low.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1977

Gastric mucosal damage caused by plain and microencapsulated acetylsalicylic acid tablets in healthy subjects: a gastrocamera study.

In a randomized, cross-over study plain acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) tablet and microencapsulated ASA tablets were given in doses of 1 gram 3 times a day for 3 days to 8 healthy subjects with no previous gastrointestinal disturbances. Gastrocamera examinations were performed before the ASA treatment and 1--2 hours after the last dose of ASA. The gastric mucosa appeared macroscopically normal at all the control examinations; whereas musocal bleeding was evident in all the subjects after the ASA treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between the plain ASA and the microencapsulated ASA preparations. No correlation could be found between the ASA concentration in plasma and the gastric mucosal damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Gastrointestinal blood loss, gastroscopy and coagulation factors in normal volunteers during administration of acetylsalicylic acid and fluproquazone.

The influence of one week's treatment of fluproquazone, 300 mg daily, and acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin, Bayer), 3000 mg daily, on the gastro-intestinal tract and coagulation factors was compared in a randomized cross-over study in 12 healthy male volunteers. Gastroscopy revealed two acute erosions after fluproquazone in one subject, whereas 11 of the 12 subjects showed a total of about 80 erosions, petechiae or diffuse bleeding after aspirin. Median faecal blood loss, as assessed by means of 51Cr tagging and measurement of bulk radioactivity in a whole-body counter, were significantly (p less than 0.01) raised, from 1.8 (range 0-6.5) ml during the preceding control week to 6.0 (range 1.9-10.5) ml after treatment with aspirin. No significant difference was recorded between control and treatment weeks with fluproquazone. Mean bleeding time was significantly increased by 40% with aspirin, whereas no statistically significant change was observed with fluproquazone. The prostaglandin synthesis was not significantly influenced by fluproquazone but was almost completely suppressed by aspirin. Coagulation factor II-VII-X decreased slightly, but remained within the normal range with both drugs. This study demonstrated a markedly smaller effect of fluproquazone compared with aspirin on the gastro-intestinal tract and on haemostatic factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Decreasing serum salicylate concentrations during long-term administration of acetylsalicylic acid in healthy volunteers. Discussion of possible clinical implications.

The suitability for multiple dosing of two acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) preparations was compared in 8 healthy volunteers. During this study a marked decrease in serum salicylate concentrations with time was observed in 7 of the subjects. These results are presented here. On day 16 of medications, levels were 60-80% of those on day 6. On day 38, when the study was discontinued, the levels had fallen to 50-65% of the values on day 6. The decrease in salicylate concentrations is probably due to induction of the salicyluric acid formation, one of the saturable pathways of salicylate elimination. Because of a narrow therapeutic range and large interindividual differences in salicylate concentrations with the same dose, determination of serum salicylate levels is an important tool in the adjustment of optimum individual ASA therapy. Our findings further emphasize this fact. They indicate that serum salicylate determinations should preferably be repeated a few times after initiation of ASA therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Acetylsalicylic acid stimulates murine megakaryocyte precursor cells.

Depression of platelet function with a single intraperitoneal injection of acetylsalicylic acid was found to produce significant increases in several thrombocytopoietic indicators despite no observed change in platelet counts. There was an increase in the number of megakaryocytic precursor cells (small acetylcholinesterase positive or "SAChE+" cells), platelet size, and 35S incorporation into platelets. The results are qualitatively comparable to data from previous experiments showing that treatment of mice with a thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF or thrombopoietin) and rabbit anti-mouse platelet serum will elevate thrombocytopoiesis. The results presented herein indicate that interruption of platelet function by aspirin results in the production of new platelets, presumably by the action of a feedback system controlling thrombocytopoiesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intravenous acetylsalicylic acid--dose-related effects on platelet function and fibrinolysis in healthy males.

Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) has been shown to be beneficial in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris. Oral administration of ASA is difficult in the acute phase of these syndromes. In this study we evaluated the effect of 25 mg, 50 mg or 100 mg of ASA given as an intravenous bolus injection on platelet function and fibrinolysis in healthy males and related this to plasma concentrations of ASA. No adverse effects were found. A complete inhibition of serum thromboxane B2 synthesis was demonstrated 5 min after injection of 100 mg ASA intravenously. ASA disappeared from the circulation within 60 min after bolus injection and at this time thromboxane B2 synthesis was inhibited dose-dependently by 71%, 90% and 100% for doses of 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg, respectively. Inhibition of thromboxane B2 synthesis after 100 mg of intravenous ASA was still 96.5% at 24 h and 93.4% at 48 h after the injection. The bleeding time measured at 30 min after ASA administration was significantly prolonged on the average by 70 s, 144 s and 211 s after 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg of ASA, respectively. Minor, but significant changes were found in tissue plasminogen activator antigen and in plasminogen activator inhibitor within the first hour after injection of low dose ASA, but similar changes were found after injection of saline. No change in tissue plasminogen activator activity was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bioavailability of two formulations of acetylsalicylic acid gums.

Bioavailability studies have been performed with ten healthy volunteers on different dosage forms of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in order to assess the bioavailability of two different ASA gums compared with commercial ASA tablets. The results of this study show that ASA is more readily absorbed and eliminated after administration of gum formulations than after administration of tablets, but the bioavailability obtained from the gums was lower than that observed from the tablets.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of acute inner ear diseases (sudden deafness and vestibular disorder) with meclofenoxate and acetylsalicylic acid].

Sixty patients suffering from an acute inner ear disease were treated by a combination of acetylsalicylic acid (Micristin), an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, and meclofenoxate (Cerutil), a nootropic drug. The success rate in 26 patients with acute isolated unilateral vestibular disorder was 73% (69% with complete recovery), and 83% (57% complete remission) in 34 patients with sudden deafness, with an average hearing improvement of 22.4 dB. The success rate of this therapy was similar to that achieved by the usual therapy or no treatment in subjects with sudden deafness and vestibular disorder which we reported in 1984.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Effect of dissolution profile and (-)-alpha-bisabolol on the gastrotoxicity of acetylsalicylic acid.

The effect of particle size and (-)-alpha-bisabolol on the gastric toxicity produced by acetylsalicylic acid (AAS) was studied in rats. AAS crystals of size 0.5-0.4, 0.2-0.05 mm and AAS pellets were administered orally (dose 200 mg/kg) to rats. The effect of particle size on gastric toxicity was not significant (P < 0.05). Small AAS crystals (0.2-0.05 mm) were granulated with ethanol to produce pellets (0.5-0.4 mm). The resultant pellets were less ulcerogenic than AAS crystals (P < 0.05). The pelletization process improves the wetting process of AAS crystals and for this reason produces a faster dissolution profile of AAS. When (-)-alpha-bisabolol, a natural essential oil obtained from camomile oil, was administered orally (dose 0.8-80 mg/kg) with AAS (dose 200 mg/kg), a significant (P < 0.05) protective effect was found. Some possible mechanisms of protection are suggested for (-)-alpha-bisabolol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of the chronic administration of acetylsalicylic acid and acetaminophen on feeding efficiency in rats].

The influence was studied of the administration of acetylsalicylic acid and acetaminophen in doses of 450 mg/kg body weight/day, and 600 mg/kg/day respectively on the alimentary efficacy coefficient (AEC), on growth and on the hepatosomatic index in rats on a diet sufficient in all nutrients required to meet the animal's needs. The AEC was studied both for the whole experimental period and at values taken weekly. The results show that both aspirin and paracetamol significantly reduce overall alimentary efficacy (p < 0.05) and increase the hepatosomatic index. Partial AEC values showed that the analgesics studied significantly affect the figures (p < 0.05) for the intermediate periods (aspirin, 0.27 +/- 0.01, vs 0.38 +/- 0.03), and that these are more affected than those of the final treatment period (aspirin, 0.33 +/- 0.14, vs 0.36 +/- 0.07).

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1996

Pentoxifylline and acetylsalicylic acid in a pig random skin-flap model.

OBJECTIVE: Pentoxifylline has been used experimentally, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) has been used clinically to improve skin-flap survival. This study tested the efficacy of each drug in the pig random skin-flap model. METHOD: Six flaps were elevated on each hypopigmented pig. After sacrifice on the seventh postoperative day, percent flap survival was determined. Control data were obtained from eleven pigs. Six experimental subjects were treated with pentoxifylline (25 mg/kg/d); six with ASA (8 mg/kg/d); and twelve with a combination of pentoxifylline and ASA (six for 7 days and six for 14 days). RESULTS: The mean flap survival +/- SEM was: 58.0 +/- 4.3% for the pentoxifylline group; 50.3 +/- 3.4% for the ASA group; 56.8 +/- 2.7% and 55.2 +/- 3.4% for the 7-day and 14-day combination groups, respectively. There was no significant increase in flap survival with any of the experimental groups when compared to controls (49.6 +/- 1.8%). CONCLUSION: Red blood cell flexibility and platelet aggregation studies documented the expected intravascular drug effects, but did not correlate well with flap survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) test for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, also known as Aspirin) differentiates patients with renovascular hypertension from those with essential hypertension, in order to provide a simple alternative to more expensive forms of diagnosis for this condition. DESIGN: Trial of ASA test in patients with previously diagnosed essential and renovascular hypertension. SETTING: Inpatient department of an academic health sciences centre in Poznan, Poland. PATIENTS: Forty patients with essential hypertension and 21 patients with renovascular hypertension. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were given an intravenous injection of ASA (10 mg/kg body weight), blood pressure was measured and blood was sampled and assayed for plasma renin activity (PRA) before and 30 minutes after the injection. RESULTS: ASA infusion in patients with renovascular hypertension resulted in a decrease in PRA from 15.2 (standard deviation [SD] 12.4) ng/mL per hour to 7.2 (SD 9.8) ng/mL per hour, whereas in patients with essential hypertension the initial PRA was significantly lower before ASA administration and did not change afterward. In patients with renovascular hypertension, the mean systolic, diastolic and arterial pressure decreased significantly (p < 0.001) after ASA infusion, but these did not change in patients with essential hypertension. Based on the criterion of 4 mm Hg as a detectable decrease in mean blood pressure, the sensitivity of the ASA test was 95.0% and the specificity 82.5%; its positive predictive value was 74% and its negative predictive value 97%. CONCLUSION: The precise measurement of blood pressure during the ASA test may provide a useful method of differentiating between patients with renovascular and essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Duodenal diaphragmlike stricture induced by acetylsalicylic acid.

Many reports have mentioned the role of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in inducing diaphragm-like strictures in the small and large bowel. These lesions are mostly seen in patients with chronic use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. We report the case of a 57-year-old man who developed a diaphragmlike stricture in the second part of the duodenum. The patient had been using a preparation containing acetylsalicylic acid during many years. Although a congenital origin of the diaphragm is not completely excluded, we postulate that this stricture probably occurred as a result of acetylsalicylic acid-induced ulcerations, followed by submucosal fibrosis.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1985

Plasma salicylate levels and platelet function after acute and chronic administration of slow-release acetylsalicylic acid (Monobeltin).

The relationships between the antiplatelet effects and the pharmacokinetics of a slow release formulation of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) have been investigated. After acute intake of 750 mg ASA in a slow-release formulation (Monobeltin), a slow increase in plasma ASA was paralleled by a gradual decrease in certain platelet functions. During chronic medication (750 mg twice daily), ASA was present in plasma at all times accompanied by full inhibition of platelet aggregation. For chronic antiplatelet therapy, this slow release formulation of ASA appears to be very effective, unless rapid inhibition of platelet function must be achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of acetylsalicylic acid and naproxen on the synthesis and mineralization of collagen in the rat femur.

The influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and naproxen on the biochemical properties of intact growing femora in young male rats was studied. The medication periods were 9 and 18 days. At an ASA dose of 150 mg/kg/12 h the rate of collagen synthesis and the rate of mineral incorporation decreased and were impaired by about 10% compared with controls after 18 days. The dry weights and contents of collagen and calcium were not influenced after 9 days, but were reduced by 4%-7% after 18 days. A higher solubility of collagen (7%) was also found at the end of the study. In rats that received ASA at 100 mg/kg/12 h no significant differences were observed. A naproxen dose of 20 mg/kg/12 h reduced the rate of mineral deposition after 18 days, but had no other detectable effects on bone. The results indicate that ASA inhibits bone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on insulin response to glucose and arginine in normal man.

In 14 normal subjects, treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 3.2 g daily for 3 days) a well known inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, caused a slight but significant decrease (p is less than 0.05) in basal plasma glucose levels; by contrast, basal insulin rose from 5 +/- 1 to 8 +/- 1 muU/ml (p is less than 0.01) after ASA. Pretreatment with ASA augmented the early insulin response to a standard IV glucose tolerance test (25 g) in 7 normal subjects (p is less than 0.05 at 2 min; p is less than 0.02 at 5 min; p is less than 0.01 at 10 min). No significant changes were detected in the rate of glucose utilization. 7 additional subjects received a standard arginine test without and with ASA pretreatment. Arginine stimulated insulin levels were increased after ASA (p is less than 0.01 at 15 min; p is less than 0.05 at 30 min; p is less than 0.05 at 45 min), whereas glucose values were lower than under basal conditions at all times, with significant differences at 105 (p is less than 0.02) and 120 (p is less than 0.05) min. A possible role of prostaglandins upon the insulin responses to glucose and arginine is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Release of sulfidoleukotrienes in vitro: its relevance in the diagnosis of pseudoallergy to acetylsalicylic acid.

Pseudo-allergic reactions (PAR) are caused by a variety of drugs, of particular interest by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The clinical symptoms often resemble immediate type hypersensitivity reactions and consist of bronchospasm, urticaria, angioedema and even anaphylactic shock. Antigen specific immune mechanisms, however, are not involved. In general, skin tests are not reliable and the diagnosis of PAR is based mainly on risky provocation tests. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish procedures for in vitro diagnosis of PAR to ASA. A controlled study was performed including patients with PAR to ASA based on history and positive oral provocation test and non-atopic as well as atopic controls. In this in vitro study the production of sulfidoleukotrienes (sLT) by isolated leukocytes was measured by cellular allergen stimulation test (CAST), which is based on detection of LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 by a monoclonal antibody. Accordingly, the direct effect of ASA as well as the modulatory effect of ASA on C5a-induced production of sLT in leukocytes in vitro was investigated. In patients with PAR to ASA, C5a-induced generation of sLT was significantly increased as compared to normal controls. In contrast, there was no difference in the spontaneous release of sLT in vitro in patients and controls. Preincubation of leukocytes with ASA did not exert a significant modulatory effect on the spontaneous or the C5a-induced production of sLT in patients and controls. In summary, the present study provides a novel in vitro test system for the diagnosis of PAR to ASA by measurement of sLT release in leukocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetic interaction in beagle dogs of antiplatelet drugs: acetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole and calcium dobesilate.

In clinical practice, the co-administration of antiplatelet drugs, such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and dipyridamole (DP) and calcium dobesilate, is often recommended in order to obtain secondary prophylaxis against certain ischaemic diseases. Therefore the possible pharmacokinetic interactions between these three drugs were studied after a single-dose in beagle dogs. The plasma concentrations of ASA, DP and CaDb were measured by HPLC. It was found that the DP and CaDb kinetics were unaffected by concurrent intake of ASA, DP or CaDb. However, concurrent DP or CaDb improved the bioavailability of ASA, particularly the increased Cmax and (AUC).

Administration, Oral↗