[Complement fixation test for cysticercosis using cerebrospinal fluid; use of a new antigen for quantitative method].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Brain↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “quantitative complementation”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Complement C3 in serum and plasma, as measured by radial immunodiffusion with four commercial kits.
Quantitation of the C3 component of complement by single radial immunodiffusion is subject to error because the C3 molecule has several antigenic determinants and anti-C3 sera differ in their specificity to these determinants. C3 was measured in plasma (ethylenediaminetetraacetate anticoagulant) and serum, in five normal individuals, by use of four such commercial kits. The effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetate and of incubation at -20, 4, and 37 degrees C for 1, 2, and 7 days were investigated. We found wide variations in C3 in the same sample, as measured with different kits. Incubation for longer than 48 h at 4 degrees C changed C3 concentrations as compared to those in fresh samples. Reference sera for C3 assay and standardized procedures for sample processing are both essential to valid results.
Adult↗
Activation of the complement and properdin systems in rheumatoid arthritis.
The classic (C1, C4, and C2) and properdin factors (D, C3b, and B) of complement generate C3 convertases that are capable of cleaving C3 and subsequently activating C5-C9. Both C1 and factor D are serine esterases, and both convertases undergo decay and regeneration. In seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, where intraarticular activation of the classic early components (C1, C4, and C2) by immunoglobulin complexes appears to predominate, findings of relative depressions in synovial fluid levels of factor B indicate recruitment of the amplification loop (D, C3b, and B), and relative declines in properdin levels suggest activation of the properdin pathway as well. Quantitative analysis of the complement system in disease states requires several different approaches: measurement of function and antigenic concentration to assess the functional integrity of the protein; determination of component metabolism to appreciate the relative contributions of hypercatabolism and hyper- or hyposynthesis to the plasma level; and for compartmentalized disease, measurement of the component in the appropriate biologic fluid and determination of local tissue synthesis.
Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Altered expression of cell surface membrane antigens in a common acute lymphoblastic leukemia-associated antigen-expressing neuroblastoma cell line (SJ-N-CG) with morphological differentiation.
The expression of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) on a human neuroblastoma cell line, SJ-N-CG, was demonstrated by indirect membrane immunofluorescence, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and quantitative absorption, using two monoclonal antibodies (J-5 and BA-3) directed against CALLA. Immunoprecipitation of solubilized 125I-labeled membrane proteins from SJ-N-CG cells with J-5 antibody revealed a protein with a molecular weight of 100,000 as determined on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Morphological differentiation of SJ-N-CG cells could be induced in the presence of 2.0 mM dibutyryl adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid for 10 days of culture. Changes in cell surface membrane antigens associated with morphological differentiation were studied by indirect immunofluorescence and complement-dependent cytotoxicity using a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies. Increases in the antigens recognized by BA-2 (detecting leukemia-associated antigen), anti-Thy-1, and antibody 390 (Thy-1 antigen) were found in "differentiated cells," while those detected by BA-1 (B-cell-associated antigen) and J-5 (CALLA) were unchanged. In contrast, the antitransferrin receptor defined by B3/25 was inhibited, and expression of B7/21-defined la-like antigen was not induced. Kinetic studies on antigenic alterations showed that the expression of BA-2-defined antigen rose on Day 2 and remained at the same level until Day 10. The expression of CALLA was not changed from Days 2 to 10. The augmentation of Thy-1 antigen was noted on Day 4 and reached the maximum on Day 10. These results show that dibutyryl adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid is capable of inducing phenotypic changes in SJ-N-CG cells. The changes of expression of some antigens on exposure of cells to dibutyryl adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid may enable us to have a greater understanding of the differentiation of neuroblastoma to a more mature ganglioneuroblastoma phenotype.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
A semi-automated microassay for complement activity.
A simple, automated microassay for the serum complement-dependent hemolytic activity is described here. In contrast to the traditional titration hemolysis assay, the new method depends on a single experimental step using a fixed volume of serum specimen and sheep erythrocytes. The assay is based on the change in light scattering properties of erythrocytes upon hemolysis. It relies on the spectrophotometric reading of microtiter well samples at 700 nm by using a microplate reader. The measured absorbance correlates proportionally with the extent of hemolysis. A good correlation between the results obtained using this technique and those obtained by the traditional CH50 titration method is observed. This simple procedure can be applied to the rapid, semi-quantitative diagnostic screening of complement activities of a large number of serum specimens.
Animals↗
[Classical panarteritis nodosa: a clearly defined entity. Analysis of 20 cases (author's transl)].
The clinical, biological, and immunological alterations of 20 patients with histologically confirmed classical panarteritis nodosa have been studied. Characteristic angiographic changes were present in 14 cases. There were 14 males and six females, with a mean age of 50 years. The main clinical manifestations were: fever (90%), peripheral nervous system involvement (80%), renal involvement (65%), arterial hypertension (60%), arthropathy (80%), and cutaneous lesions (45%). In most cases there was elevated VSG and alpha 2-globulin, anemia and leukocytosis. HBsAg positivity was found in five patients. The immunological study revealed a polyclonal immunoglobulin increase, changes in the complement components, and a quantitative and qualitative decrease of T lymphocytes. Steroids and immunosuppressive treatment were given to eight patients, and steroids along to 11 patients. The clinical evolution of 17 patients was followed; four patients died, all of them belonging to the group treated with steroid alone.
Adolescent↗
Antibodies to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in domestic animals in Iraq: a seroepidemiological survey.
A seroepidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus and its circulation among animals in Iraq was carried out in 1980. Sera were collected from 2205 animals of different species in three different faunal areas of the country. Sera were tested by complement fixation test for quantitative determination of antibodies to CCHF virus. Among 769 sheep tested 443 (57.6%) were positive; 279 of 562 (49.64%) goat sera; 122 of 411 (29.28%) cattle sera; 148 of 252 (58.73%) horse sera; 23 of 99 (23.23%) camel sera and 5 of 35 (14.28%) sera collected from unclassified small mammals in Iraq have had antibodies to CCHF virus.
Animals↗
Detection of activated terminal complement (C5b-9) in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with central nervous system involvement of primary Sjogren's syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus.
We have examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for evidence of activation of the terminal pathway of complement. Fluid phase terminal complement complexes (SC5b-9), quantitated by ELISA, were detected in the CSF of 14 of 16 patients with SS and focal central nervous system (CNS) disease. Five of six SS patients without focal CNS disease but with psychiatric disease or cognitive dysfunction had detectable CSF SC5b-9, whereas two other SS patients without focal CNS or neuropsychiatric disease had no detectable CSF SC5b-9. Six of seven patients with SLE or SLE overlap syndrome with CNS involvement had CSF SC5b-9, whereas two patients with SLE without CNS involvement had no CSF SC5b-9. A subset of SS and SLE patients with CNS disease had SC5b-9 detected in CSF but not in serum. SC5b-9 was generally absent from the CSF of patients with noninflammatory CNS diseases. These findings demonstrate intrathecal activation of terminal complement in patients with CNS SS or CNS SLE, and suggest a role for terminal complement activation in the pathophysiology of CNS involvement in both SS and SLE.
Complement Membrane Attack Complex↗
Complement component C4A and C4B levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: quantitation in relation to C4 null status and disease activity.
Immunoassays using C4 monoclonal antibodies were developed to quantitate C4A, C4B and total C4 in the serum of healthy controls and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Mean C4A or C4B levels were reduced when a single C4A*Q0 or C4B*Q0 gene was present; however, total C4 levels showed considerable overlap with and did not differ significantly from the non-C4 null groups in either patients or controls. Black patients with SLE without active disease, as well as black controls, had higher levels of C4B and consequently total C4 than whites. Ten patients with SLE studied serially showed that C4A and C4B levels changed proportionally during changes in disease activity. Thus, it may be more important to consider race and disease activity rather than C4 null gene status when assessing C4 levels in patients with lupus.
Black People↗
Hereditary angioedema with recurrent abdominal pain.
Hereditary angioedema is a rare disorder characterized by quantitative or qualitative deficiency of complement C1 esterase inhibitor. We report a family whose members presented with recurrent angioedema and abdominal pain; the diagnosis was confirmed by quantitative assay of C1 inhibitor. The index patient was treated with danazol and was relieved.
Abdominal Pain↗
Molecular heterogeneity at the breakpoints of smaller 20q deletions.
Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 20 [del(20q)] are recurring abnormalities in patients with myeloid disorders. Although variable in size, these deletions are usually interstitial. With the object of defining a commonly deleted region for smaller 20q deletions, we used quantitative Southern blot analysis complemented by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis to determine the copy number at 15 loci spanning 20q. The proximal breakpoints of three such deletions were found to separate HCK and the growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF) locus near the centromeric boundary of band 20q11.2. The distal breakpoints were localized to the vicinity of the D20S22 locus in band q13.1. A candidate tumor suppressor gene, RBL2, and the SRC oncogene were both located within the commonly deleted region. Six loci in terminal region q13.2-q13.3 were conserved on these del(20q) chromosomes, thereby confirming that the deletions were interstitial. Molecular heterogeneity at one and possibly both deletion breakpoints rules out the pathological involvement of loci at these sites. Instead, loss of a tumor suppressor locus from within the commonly deleted region may contribute to deregulated hemopoiesis.
Adult↗
Glycoconjugates of Trypanosoma cruzi: a 74 kD antigen of trypomastigotes specifically reacts with lytic anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies from patients with chronic Chagas disease.
Protective, lytic antibodies are believed to be correlated with active Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In patients with chronic infection, antibodies lysing trypomastigote forms recognize chiefly alpha-galactosyl structures at the parasite surface. The target molecules on cell-derived trypomastigotes that react with anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies (anti-Gal) from patients with chronic Chagas disease were investigated. Glycoconjugates were isolated from trypomastigotes and shown to absorb purified Chagasic (Ch) anti-Gel effectively as well as lytic antibodies from Ch sera. Active fractions were F2 (74 kD and 95.6 kD) and F3 (120-200 kD). A differential reactivity with antibodies from untreated Ch patients (trypanolytic) and from treated, presumably cured, individuals (not trypanolytic) was evident using F2 and F3 antigenic fractions. No cross-reactivity with heterologous sera (other infections) was observed. The F2 glycoconjugate (mostly 74 kD) can be used in the diagnosis of active Chagas infection, replacing the quantitative determination of complement-mediated lysis. With the present sample of patients' sera and normal human sera, it showed 100% sensitivity and specificity.
Animals↗
Disulfide bonds in a recombinant protein modeled after a core repeat in an aquatic insect's silk protein.
We constructed a gene encoding rCAS, recombinant constant and subrepeat protein, modeled after tandem repeats found in the major silk proteins synthesized by aquatic larvae of the midge, Chironomus tentans. Bacterially synthesized rCAS was purified to near homogeneity and characterized by several biochemical and biophysical methods including amino-terminal sequencing, amino acid compositional analysis, sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation, and mass spectrometry. Complementing these techniques with quantitative sulfhydryl assays, we discovered that the four cysteines present in rCAS form two intramolecular disulfide bonds. Mapping studies revealed that the disulfide bonds are heterogeneous. When reduced and denatured rCAS was allowed to refold and its disulfide bonding state monitored, it again adopted a conformation with two intramolecular disulfide bonds. The inherent ability of rCAS to quantitatively form two intramolecular disulfide bonds may reflect a previously unknown feature of the in vivo silk proteins from which it is derived.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Application of optical diffractometry in studies of cell fine structure. Comparison of arterial smooth muscle cells in contractile and synthetic state.
Arterial smooth muscle cells in contractile and synthetic state were analyzed by optical diffractometry. Cell sections (80-90 nm) were photographed in an electron microscope and diffraction patterns of the plates (negatives) were produced using a helium-neon laser. Radial and angular distributions of light intensity in the diffractograms were measured and digitized using an electronic detector plate consisting of ring- and wedge-shaped photosensitive elements; radial distributions provide information about size of structures and distances between them and angular distributions about spatial orientation of structures in the images. Micrographs of nuclei and cytoplasm were analyzed separately (40-50 plates in each group). Computerized statistical analysis of radial distributions of light intensity showed that the nuclear chromatin pattern differed between cells in contractile and synthetic state. The probability that the observed difference could have arisen purely by chance was less than 10(-5). Computer-aided classification to the a priori known cell group was correct in 96.5% of the cases. Analysis of radial distributions of light intensity similarly showed marked differences in cytoplasmic structure between cells in contractile state (dominated by bundles of myofilaments) and synthetic state (dominated by cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum). The probability that the observed difference could have arisen purely by chance was less than 10(-5). Computer-aided classification to the a priori known cell group was correct in 92.0% of the cases. In contrast, analysis of angular distributions of light intensity did not indicate any statistically significant differences between contractile and synthetic state cells. A likely reason is that both myofilaments and cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were arranged in parallel. The results demonstrate that optical diffractometry is a useful method for image analysis in studies of cell fine structure. It provides information about size and orientation of structures with poorly defined shape and is particularly well suited for studies on cell differentiation and effects of pharmacological and other experimental treatments on cell fine structure. It represents an alternative and a complement to stereology for quantitative and objective evaluation of morphological data.
Animals↗
[Use of specific anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (sATG) for the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases (author's transl)].
Difficulties in the production of specific antisera against T-lymphocytes could be overcome by a stepwise absorption and purification procedure of anti-human thymocyte serum. Specific anti-T lymphocyte globulin (sATG) reacted with thymocytes, thymus-derived lymphocytes and a lymphoblastoid cell line of T-cell type whereas no activity was found against lymphoblastoid cell lines of B-cell type. Five chronic and three acute lymphatic leukemias were characterized using sATG in the cytotoxic test, electron microscopy, complement fixation test and quantitative immunoautoradiography, and compared with lymphocyte populations of normal individuals. Three chronic lymphatic leukemias with low numbers of spontaneous rosettes and high percentages of membrane-Ig-positive lymphocytes showed only few T-cell-antigen-positive lymphocytes and were therefore classified as B-cell leukemias. The cells of two chronic lymphatic leukemias with high numbers of spontaneous rosettes carried T-cell-antigen. The T-cell-antigen concentration, however, was lower than that of normal peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. The T-cell nature of two acute lymphatic leukemias with high numbers of spontaneous rosettes was confirmed by a positive reaction of the cells with sATG. In one case of acute lymphatic leukemia most leukemic cells carried T-cell-antigen although these cells did not form spontaneous rosettes. In the first two cases the T-cell-antigen concentration on the cell surface exceeded that of normal blood-T-lymphocytes, in the latter case it was slightly below that. The advantages of the characterization of leukemias with sATG in comparison with the spontaneous rosette formation and the relevance for prognosis are discussed.
Antilymphocyte Serum↗
Geometrical principal component analysis of planar-segments of the three-channel Lissajous' trajectory of human auditory brain stem evoked potentials.
Three-Channel Lissajous' Trajectories (3CLTs) of Auditory Brain Stem Evoked Potentials (ABEP) were obtained from 15 normal humans. Planar-segments of 3CLT were identified and the orientations of the first two geometrical principal components, which interact to produce the planar-segments, were calculated. Each principal component's orientation in voltage space was quantified by its coefficients (A, B and C). Intersubject variability of these orientations was comparable to the variability of plane orientations. The principal components of planar-segments can indicate the type of generator activity that is involved in the formation of planar-segments. The results of this analysis indicate that planarity of each 3CLT component is produced by the interaction of simultaneous multiple generators, or by a single synchronous generator which changes its orientation. The coefficients of these principal components may complement plane coefficients as quantitative indices of 3CLT of ABEP.
Adult↗
Effects of wound exudates on in vitro immune parameters.
Although local failure of antibacterial host defenses in the surgical wound may contribute to the development of wound infections, little attention has been focused on this problem. The goals of the current study were to determine the biological activity of postsurgical wound exudates (seroma fluids) on normal neutrophil and lymphocyte function and to quantitate the levels of complement and plasma fibronectin in these wound exudates. The wound exudates did not support the opsonophagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa by control neutrophils as well as serum (P less than 0.01) and was inferior to serum as a neutrophil chemoattractant (P less than 0.01). Similarly, the wound exudates did not support mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis as well as normal serum (P less than 0.01). The impaired function of both neutrophils and lymphocytes incubated in the wound exudates appeared to be due to a lack of normal humoral factors, rather than to the presence of inhibitory factors, since the addition of normal serum to the wound exudates restored cellular activity to normal. The findings of decreased levels of plasma fibronectin and decreased complement hemolytic activity in the wound exudates were consistent with the concept of a local deficiency of immune-related humoral factors. Thus, this study supports the clinical concept that local collections of wound fluids may predispose to wound infections by hampering effective local host defenses.
Adult↗
Detection and quantitation of immune complexes with a rapid polyethylene glycol precipitation complement consumption method (PEG-CC).
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗