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Results for “VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE”

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PubMed2002

Improving employment outcomes for persons with severe mental illnesses.

BACKGROUND: Unemployment remains a major consequence of schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses. This study assesses the effectiveness of the Individual Placement and Support model of supportive employment relative to usual psychosocial rehabilitation services for improving employment among inner-city patients with these disorders. METHODS: Two hundred nineteen outpatients with severe mental illnesses, 75% with chronic psychoses, from an inner-city catchment area were randomly assigned to either the Individual Placement and Support program or a comparison psychosocial rehabilitation program. Participants completed a battery of assessments at study enrollment and every 6 months for 2 years. Employment data, including details about each job, were collected weekly. RESULTS: Individual Placement and Support program participants were more likely than the comparison patients to work (42% vs 11%; P<.001; odds ratio, 5.58) and to be employed competitively (27% vs 7%; P<.001; odds ratio, 5.58). Employment effects were associated with significant differences in cumulative hours worked (t(211) = -5.0, P =.00000003) and wages earned (t = -5.5, P =.00000003). Among those who achieved employment, however, there were no group differences in time to first job or in number or length of jobs held. Also, both groups experienced difficulties with job retention. CONCLUSIONS: As hypothesized, the Individual Placement and Support program was more effective than the psychosocial rehabilitation program in helping patients achieve employment goals. Achieving job retention remains a challenge with both interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

An investigation into the relationship between interests and intelligence.

This article relates the six General Occupational Themes (GOTs) and the 23 Basic Interest Scales (BISs) yielded by the Strong Interest Inventory (SII) to age, gender, and performance on the KAIT. The sample included 936 males and females aged 16 to 65 years. MANOVAs and MANCOVAs (covarying education) were conducted, followed by univariate ANOVAs and ANCOVAs. IQ level on KAIT was significantly related to the Investigative and Realistic themes and to numerous interest scales, most notably Writing, Nature, Teaching, Mathematics, and Art. The discrepancy between fluid and crystallized intelligence on the KAIT related significantly to a few variables, but relationships were generally small in magnitude. Significant relationships with age were few; gender related significantly to most variables, consistent with previous research. These findings were interpreted in the context of previous research on the Strong, and on the integration of interests and intellect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of psychotropic drugs and psychiatric illness on vocational aptitude and interest assessment.

This study examined the vocational aptitude and interest scores of 326 inpatients at a large urban psychiatric hospital. The inpatient group performed significantly below the adult normative mean on eight of nine General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) aptitude measures; the single exception was Verbal Aptitude. Further, GATB aptitude scores (adjusted for age and education) were significantly lower for patients who were receiving (N = 210) psychotropic medication than for patients who were not receiving (N = 114) psychotropic medication, again with the exception of Verbal Aptitude. Differentiation of patients into subsamples who were receiving particular drugs or drug combinations indicated that phenothiazines in combination with Anti-Parkinsonians were associated with the poorest GATB performances. Interestingly, self-reported vocational interests were not related in any systematic fashion to receiving medication. A variety of explanations that may account for these findings, including drug side-effects and severity or type of psychiatric disorder, were investigated. Implications for vocational counselors were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effects of cognitive complexity and arousal on client perception of counselor nonverbal behavior.

This analogue study examined the interaction between cognitive complexity and arousal in client discrimination of counselor positive and negative nonverbal behavior. Thirty university students, divided into low, medium, and high arousal conditions, viewed a videotaped counseling interview in which the counselor nonverbal behaviors were varied systematically and then rated counselor perceived expertness. The results showed that subjects discriminated counselor positive and negative nonverbal behaviors in the early portion of a 30-minute interview, but this tendency deteriorated quickly as the interview progressed. Also, there was a significant interaction between subject cognitive complexity and arousal level. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Management of work disability. Resources for vocational rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE: To review the state-federal vocational rehabilitation (SF-VR) system and its utilization by persons with rheumatic conditions. METHODS: SF-VR system instruction manuals, and literature on rheumatology rehabilitation, work disability, and rehabilitation counseling were reviewed. National and Massachusetts state SF-VR system data on persons with "arthritis and rheumatism" were analyzed. RESULTS: The SF-VR system is used by a small proportion of persons with rheumatic diseases. Fifty-two percent of clients with arthritis are employed after receiving services. CONCLUSION: Although evidence indicates that VR services for persons with rheumatic conditions improves their chances for reemployment, the SF-VR system is underutilized.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed2005

Engaging teachers in an eating disorder preventive intervention.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness at 1-year follow-up of a psychoeducational eating disorders preventive intervention implemented by specifically trained teachers. METHOD: Participating teachers participated in a 5-week training program. One hundred forty-one female students attending nine classes at a vocational training school in Mestre (Venice) were assessed via a structured clinical interview (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders) and via the 40-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40). Three classes were randomly selected to participate in a 6-week prevention program conducted by the trained teachers. RESULTS: Our data show that a disturbing number of the girls who were asymptomatic at baseline had developed a full or partial eating disorder 1 year later. This was the case for 2 (5%) participants and 10 (11%) subjects in the control group. Subjects in the prevention group differed significantly from the control group at the 1-year follow-up. This was the case for their EAT Bulimia subscale scores, which showed a significant improvement. The intervention group also revealed a lower development of food restraint and pathologic body attitudes. DISCUSSION: Given the sample size, our findings must be considered cautiously. However, they suggest that students can benefit from participation in a preventive intervention program conducted by teachers, and the benefits appear to be particularly pronounced for bulimic symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Psychosocial treatments for ADHD in teens and adults: a practice-friendly review.

Although stimulant medication is a cornerstone of treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), numerous nonpharmacological treatments can be employed in combination with medication to assist in the lifelong management of the disorder. A multimodal treatment combining psychoeducation, medication, psychotherapy, compensatory behavioral/self-management skills, technological tools and devices, coaching, advocacy, and reasonable school or workplace accommodations is probably the most comprehensive and effective. This article describes a variety of psychosocial treatments that are commonly used for adolescents and adults suffering from ADHD.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

Psychological and educational factors: better predictors of work status than FEV1 in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Now that more individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living into adulthood, vocational attainment is an increasingly important consideration. Work is a key factor in quality of life. The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the factors that are associated with work status in 183 adults with CF. Approximately half of the participants were working at the time of evaluation, an impressive figure given that the mean forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was 31.9%. The average number of hours worked was 32.7 hr/week. The majority of individuals were employed in professional, technical, or managerial occupations (accounting, teaching, law, or social work). A third were employed in clerical and sales occupations, and the remaining individuals were employed in a wide range of other occupations (hotel manager, undercover shopper, artist, or dental technician). Interestingly, FEV1 and age did not differentiate between subjects who were working and those who were not. Individuals who were working had significantly lower depression scores and a higher educational level than those who were not working. Future research is needed to determine whether it is the increased socialization and the resulting social support that may come from a work environment, or a reduction in financial stress because of better income and health benefits that helps to explain this difference. Alternatively, work may serve as a distraction from the symptoms of CF. It is likely that those with higher educational levels had more professional jobs that were more easily modified as health declined. Future research needs to assess how career choices are made, and what factors into a patient's decision to keep working.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Long-term unemployment amongst adolescents: a longitudinal study.

The unique developmental period of adolescence suggests a distinct experience of unemployment compared to older and adult populations. A longitudinal study of long-term unemployed adolescents found healthy levels of negative self-esteem associated with strong adult social identification, high perceived time filled, low employment commitment and strong perceived personal identity. The evidence suggested good psychological health (indicated by negative self-esteem and GHQ-12) contributed to gaining employment. Employment was not associated with an improvement in levels of self-esteem (both positive and negative), although the psychological benefits of employment were indicated by a lowering in GHQ-12 scores (despite lower levels reported during unemployment by those later employed).

Adolescent↗