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PubMed1992

The Garden Cafe. An experiment in vocational education in the Philippines.

The author visited Bohol, a picturesque island in the Philippines 350 miles south of Manila, in 1986 and 1990 to observe and record the emerging deaf culture. Before the Peace Corps started a school program on the island some eight years ago, deaf children grew up functionally illiterate. Those who have not been found and are not enrolled in the fledgling school program still do, as they are completely isolated from the deaf community. This article describes heroic efforts to teach vocational skills to the deaf in Bohol. The project not only succeeded but led to the island's best restaurant, The Garden Cafe.

Child↗
PubMed2005

The Building Resiliency and Vocational Excellence (BRAVE) Program: a violence-prevention and role model program for young, African American males.

There are sharp disparities between non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans in mortality and years of potential life lost for numerous health-related conditions, including HIV/AIDS. The Building Resiliency and Vocational Excellence (BRAVE) Program is an intervention using Resiliency Networking designed for use with African American young men to help offset these disparities. Resiliency Networking incorporates coaching, career planning, and re-definition of gender roles to help young men develop a sense of purpose and future and to manage their lifestyles effectively. In addition to fostering a strong link with an older mentor, the program fosters healthy peer-to-peer relationships. The paper reports on preliminary use of the intervention and recommends future applications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Correlation of psychophysiologic variables with vocational rehabilitation outcome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Despite the magnitude of the public health problem presented by respiratory diseases, there have been few studies concerned with vocational rehabilitation (VR) potential of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Certain physiologic variables which show a high degree of relationship to VR success are identified. The three independent variables which most highly correlate with the VR potential of patients with COPD are the percentages predicted for the first-second forced expiratory volume (FEV(1.0)), forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75 percent of the forced vital capacity (FEF(25-75 percent)), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). The mean "cutting" percentages for inclusion in VR programs were 50, 27, and 40, respectively. The emotional variables studied do not differentiate potential VR success or failure as clearly as the physiologic factors. The criteria set forth not only can be used by rehabilitation workers but could serve as a basis for future demonstration studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of picture prompts on the acquisition of complex vocational tasks by mentally retarded adolescents.

The effects of using picture prompts on the acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of complex vocational tasks were evaluated within a multiple baseline design across subjects and tasks. Five moderately and severely mentally retarded adolescents were first trained to use picture prompts to guide their performance on one or more complex tasks. Following training, posttesting with and without the picture prompts was conducted to evaluate the effects of training and to determine maintenance effects over a 2- to 4-week interval. Generalization of performance across tasks was assessed with three of the students who were provided novel tasks (with and without picture prompts) without training. Results indicated that picture prompts can be successfully used to promote both acquisition and generalization of performance, and that subsequent training time on a novel task was reduced when the use of picture prompts had been previously trained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The impact of enhanced incentives on vocational rehabilitation outcomes for dually diagnosed veterans.

This study evaluated the efficacy of adding contingency management techniques to vocational rehabilitation (VR) to improve treatment outcome as measured by entry into competitive employment. Nineteen dually diagnosed veterans who entered VR in the Veterans' Administration's compensated work therapy (CWT) program were randomly assigned to CWT (n = 8) or to CWT with enhanced incentives (n = 11). Over the first 16 weeks of rehabilitation, those in the incentives condition could earn up to dollar 1,006 in cash for meeting two sets of clinical goals: (a) remaining abstinent from drugs and alcohol and (b) taking steps to obtain and maintain a competitive job. Results indicate that relative to participants in the CWT-only group, those in the incentives condition engaged in more job-search activities, were more likely to remain abstinent from drugs and alcohol, were more likely to obtain competitive employment, and earned an average of 68% more in wages. These results suggest that rehabilitation outcomes may be enhanced by restructuring traditional work-for-pay contingencies to include direct financial rewards for meeting clinical goals.

Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)↗
PubMed2005

Integrating occupational safety and health information into vocational and technical education and other workforce preparation programs.

The high rates of injury among young workers are a pressing public health issue, especially given the demand of the job market for new workers. Young and new workers experience the highest rates of occupational injuries of any age group. Incorporating occupational safety and health (OSH) information into the more than 20 000 vocational and other workforce preparation programs in the United States might provide a mechanism for reducing work-related injuries and illnesses among young and new workers. We assessed the status of including OSH information or training in workforce preparation programs and found there is an inconsistent emphasis on OSH information.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Vocational neuropsychological requirements of U.S. occupations.

Aptitude levels required to perform occupations listed in the U.S. Department of Labor Dictionary of Occupational Titles are indicated. Numbers and percentages of jobs requiring each level of each aptitude are presented in a tabular format. These data can be useful in assisting vocational neuropsychologists in evaluating brain-injury disability cases.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1996

Personality and educational choice of general versus vocational studies among 16- to 19-year-olds.

Achievement motives, future time orientation, and perceived instrumentality of theoretical subjects were investigated in relation to educational choice of general versus vocational studies at secondary school. Among 257 students, multivariate regression of educational choice showed that the higher the scores on the motive to achieve success, the lower the scores on the motive to avoid failure, and the higher the scores on perceived instrumentality, the more likely a student will be to choose general, i.e., mainly theoretical studies at secondary school. No significant effect of future time orientation on educational choice occurred. The results are discussed in relation to achievement motivation theory, school attachment and achievement, and implications for reform of the school system.

Achievement↗
PubMed2002

Thinking out of the box: an intersectoral model for vocational rehabilitation.

This study examined an intersectoral work insertion program that involves the collaboration of six stakeholders from different sectors in the community, including health and vocation. An innovative program logic model has been developed that explains the theoretical rationale behind intersectoral collaboration and work insertion. The principles and ideology of local development have led to the development of this program and have several implications for the social integration of individuals with mental illness. The paper first discusses how such an approach is developed and implemented and follows with a presentation of a model of an intersectoral work insertion program.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2004

Development of the DPA Fidelity Scale: using fidelity to define an existing vocational model.

Psychiatric rehabilitation practices are often poorly defined, hindering implementation, research, and dissemination efforts. Documentation of adherence to a specific psychiatric rehabilitation approach is particularly important in conducting randomized controlled trials. This paper outlines steps taken to define and measure the Diversified Placement Approach (DPA), a well-regarded vocational program for people with severe mental illnesses. Details of scale development are described, and the scale's utility for model clarification and detection of experimental drift are discussed.

Documentation↗
PubMed2004

The Generic Work Behavior Questionnaire (GWBQ): assessment of core dimensions of generic work behavior of people with severe mental illnesses in vocational rehabilitation.

The purpose of this study was the development of a short self-reporting and supervisor-reporting questionnaire to assess generic work behavior of people with severe mental illnesses participating in psychiatric vocational rehabilitation. An 18-item generic work behavior questionnaire (GWBQ) was developed, which contains core dimensions derived from both supervisor scores and self-report scores. The factor structure of the GWBQ was replicated for both versions (supervisor and self reports). The GWBQ was very reliable for supervisor reports and moderately so for self-reports. Although self-report scores and supervisor scores correlated significantly, participants rated their own work behavior consistently higher than supervisors did.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The personal and vocational impact of training and employing people with psychiatric disabilities as providers.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the feasibility of a structured peer provider training program and its effect on peer providers with respect to their own personal and vocational recovery. METHODS: Sixty-six individuals participated in an evaluation of a 60-hour, 5-week long peer training program. Participants were assessed prior to and after the training on scales to measure recovery, empowerment and self-concept. Analyses of variance were used to examine subjective changes in these measures. Job acquisition and retention data were also examined at posttest. RESULTS: Participants experienced gains in perceived empowerment, attitudes toward recovery and self-concept. Trainees went on to obtain peer provider positions within the mental health agency in which they received the training and 89% of those trained retained employment at 12 months. Twenty-nine percent of the initial jobs into which the peer providers were placed were full-time; 52% were part-time and 19% were hourly. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that a standardized program designed to provide peer training was used successfully and participants' recovery and employability were improved. Further studies are recommended to rigorously test peer providers' impact on their clients and to examine the advantages that accrue to the agency when mental health recipients are employed as peer providers.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2003

Vocational reintegration after a lower limb amputation: a qualitative study.

The objectives of this study were to describe the process of job reintegration, to obtain more detailed information about workplace adjustments, and to assess the positive and negative experiences of amputees (in the Netherlands) who returned to paid work after their lower limb amputation. The study had a retrospective design with semi-structured interviews. The authors used a qualitative methodology to obtain detailed information on the reintegration process. Thirty-two (32) subjects participated with a mean age of 42.6 years. The mean time between amputation and return to work was nearly one year (11.5 months). The most common reasons for delay in return to work were stump problems and problems in wound healing. Fifty percent (50%) of the amputees got different work tasks or another job than before amputation, mainly because of physical restrictions caused by the amputation. The most important motives of the amputees for job reintegration were work as a form of day spending (69%) and social contacts at the workplace (66%). Bad support of the implementing body which takes care of job reintegration and employer (34%) were the most mentioned obstacle to job reintegration. Vocational workers should be regular members in the rehabilitation teams for amputees.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Vocational Rehabilitation Index: a guide to accident victims' requirements for return-to-work assistance.

The Vocational Rehabilitation Index (VRI) is an easily administered, seven-item, ordinally scaled assessment, developed from analysis of variables associated with early return to work in a representative sample of 194 persons who received compensation for injuries at work or in road traffic accidents. The VRI discriminates between persons who return to work and those who do not. It can be used to identify, amongst non-returners, those whose return to work might be assisted by referral to rehabilitation. It may also indicate the kind of assistance that would be most helpful.

Abbreviated Injury Scale↗
PubMed1982

Vocational rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. I. Analysis of clinical and demographic factors.

The vocational status of 299 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Israel, aged 17 to 50 years, was examined. This represents 30 per cent of the MS patients in Israel. It was found that 58 per cent of the patients continued working. Of the remaining 42 per cent, 24 per cent were severely disabled, but 18 per cent had working potential. A comparison was made between patients located up to 1971, and those located between 1971 and 1974. The latter series benefited from earlier follow-up, yielding a population with more recent onset of the illness. They were also younger, and differed from the first series in a number of other social and demographic aspects. The shorter duration and younger age of onset did not affect the percentage working, but did provide a higher percentage with working potential. Higher educational level was associated with continuation of work. Neither type of occupation nor work history had influence in this regard. The severity of the disease, and of some aspects in particular, had a deleterious influence.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Vocational achievements following spinal cord injury in Australia.

This study describes the vocational achievements in a sample (n = 139) of Australian persons with spinal cord injuries. The post-accident and employment achievements (February-March 1993) were represented by significant diversity in outcomes. Around one-third of subjects went on to obtain further qualifications since their injury, and around 31% were employed full-time or part-time. The majority of subjects utilized informal means of returning to work. Around two-thirds of those employed indicated that they were in a preferred occupation and their median length of employment was 108 months. The hours of work varied greatly but were centred around a median of 38 hours (i.e. a full-time job). A model of diverse employment outcomes and achievement following spinal cord injury is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Vocational rehabilitation of the older worker.

Work is an important social role. A disability can interfere with a person's work abilities and opportunities at any age. Unfortunately, the older population has received disproportionately little attention in rehabilitation, particularly in vocational rehabilitation. This is true, in spite of the fact that there is a growing population of older persons, with a high prevalence of disability. When returning an older disabled person to work, consideration of his or her particular physical, psychological, and social characteristics is required. This paper discusses the involvement of occupational therapists in the returning of older persons to work.

Aged↗