[General trends in 1965 of morbidity from notifiable diseases, with the exception of tuberculosis and venereal diseases].
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Communicable Diseases↗
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The etiology of nongonococcal urethritis in men attending a venereal disease clinic.
Nongonococcal urethritis was identified as a major reason that men attended our Venereal Disease Clinic. The prevalence of several agents that might cause nongonococcal urethritis was determined. Attempts were made to isolate gonococci; chlamydiae, Ureaplasms urealyticum, trichmonads, Candida sp., and Corynebacterium vaginale from urethral swabs from 307 men. Chlamydiae were recovered from 31% of the 67 men with nongonococcal urethritis compared to only 4% of 86 asymptomatic men without pyuria. Unexpectedly, cultures from only 4% of the 99 men with gonorrhea also yielded chlamydiae. Ureaplasma urealyticum was recovered from 9 of 27 asymptomatic men (33%), 16 of 30 men with nongonococcal urethritis (53%) and 16 of 68 men with gonorrhea (42%). These differences were not statistically significant. However, when chlamydiae-positive men were excluded from the analysis urethritis. Twelve of 18 (76%) men with nononchlamdial nongonococcal urethritis yielded the organism compared to 8 of 26 (31%) men without urethritis. The other organisms sought were recovered infrequently and could not be associated with nongonococcal urethritis.
Adult↗
Venereal disease: its place in health education in schools.
The paper reports the findings concerning venereal diseases and contraception in several surveys conducted into health education in Northern Ireland. The evidence shows that there is little instruction and discussion of these subjects, either at home or at school, but that teenagers are divided in their attitudes, some desiring information while others are apathetic. The need for well informed teenagers willing to make responsible decisions is stressed and reference is made to one curriculum development project producing materials in this field.
Adolescent↗
Venereal disease and public health administration in Newfoundland in the 1930s and 1940s.
In the 1930s, veneral disease was identified in Newfoundland as a serious public health problem. Through The Health and Public Welfare Act, 1931, the country had a comprehensive regulatory system for dealing with VD, but in practice it lacked the resources to enforce the legislation. H.M. Mosdell, the key official involved, favored the opening of a lock hospital. Wartime conditions, especially the arrival of thousands of members of the Canadian and American armed forces, magnified the VD problem facing Newfoundland but facilitated new control measures. In 1943 a lock hospital was actually opened but the introduction of pencillin soon led to its closure.
Canada↗
Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis in men attending a venereal disease clinic: a culture and therapeutic study.
Urethral specimens from 459 male patients attending a venereal disease clinic were studied for presence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Of the 459 patients, 362 had symptoms suggestive of urethritis. In these 362, gonorrhoea was diagnosed in 78 (22%), while 88 (24%) harboured C. trachomatis; 15 harboured both organisms. Of those patients from whom C. trachomatis was isolated, 17% had no subjective symptoms of urethritis; the same percentage of symptomless carriers of gonococci was found. Watery discharge occurred more frequently in patients with chlamydial urethritis than in patients with gonorrhoea, while in the latter condition purulent discharge was more often found. Treatment with doxycycline for 9 days rendered 28 of 29 chlamydia-positive patients culture negative at control.
Bacteriological Techniques↗
Hepatitis-B surface antigen and antibody in Black and White patients with venereal diseases.
The prevalence of both the hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its specific antibody (anti-HBs) was significantly greater in the sera of White patients suffering from sexually transmitted diseases than that in White blood donors. However, Black patients with venereal diseases did not show an increased prevalence of either HBsAg or anti-HBs. These findings support the view that heterosexual transmission of the hepatitis-B virus is less likely to occur in populations in whom this infection is largely acquired before the age of sexual maturity.
Antibodies, Viral↗
The secular changes of skin and venereal diseases in Nigeria.
A retrospective review of the changing phase of the incidence of dermatological and venereal diseases, as seen in University Teaching Hospital practice in Lagos, Nigeria is presented. About 8,849 new patients were seen over a 5-year-period. An analysis of the dermatological conditions encountered is made, while brief reports of few common skin conditions are also given. The clinical pattern was similar to those of Western countries, but with addition of a great number of dermatoses. This similarity has been modified by epidemiological factors. A national program for improvement of the environmental health including control of industrial and communicable diseases will ameliorate the increasing morbidity of tropical dermatology.
Female↗
Study of STDs in patients attending venereal disease clinics in Khartoum, Sudan.
During the period October 1976 to January 1978, 290 patients were examined for sexually transmitted diseases in three venereal clinics in Khartoum Providence. Clinical and laboratory findings showed that nongonococcal urethritis was the commonest STD in men (35.1%), with gonorrhoea the second commonest (25.9%). Most of the patients with STDs were aged between 20 and 30 years. Of the infected men, 49.3% had acquired their infections from prostitutes.
Adolescent↗
Pharyngeal colonisation by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis in black and white patients attending a venereal disease clinic.
Pharyngeal colonisation by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis was studies in 2000 patients attending a venereal disease clinic. Of these patients, 64% were white and 36% were black. The incidence of gonococcal infections was highest in the period from June to August. The incidence of genital or rectal infections or both was higher in the black patients. Pharyngeal colonisation by gonococci was present in 1.3% of the patients. There was no significant associations between pharyngeal colonisation and the pharyngeal symptoms, race, sex, or marital state of the patients. Pharyngeal colonisation was more frequent in patients with gonococcal infections at other sites. However, in 40.7% of the patients with pharyngeal colonisation, the pharynx was the only culture-positive site. There was no significant difference in the auxotypes or in the antibiotic susceptibility of the pharyngeal and the rectal-genital isolates except in the susceptibility to spectinomycin. Our findings do not indicate that gonococci isolated from the pharynx differ significantly from gonococci isolated from rectal or genital sites. It was notable that meningococcal colonisation of the pharynx was significantly more frequent in the white patients. This may be a genetically determined phenomenon.
Adult↗
Group B streptococci in venereal disease clinic patients.
The isolation rates of group B streptococci for 457 men and 300 women attending a venereal disease clinic were 16-4 and 20-6% respectively. The frequencies were significantly increased by using a selective medium and by taking specimens from the female urethra as well as the cervix. In contrast to gonorrhoea the presence of group B streptococci could not be related to promiscuity. In addition, the isolation of group B streptococci was found to be independent of a concomitant gonococcal infection. This study indicates that group B streptococci have little relation to the clinical signs and symptoms of genital infection, such as dysuria, discharge and inflammatory mucosal reaction.
Adolescent↗
Venereal diseases and aggression management among Native Americans.
An analysis of secondary data yielded no significant ecological correlations for venereal disease rates and aggression management indices based on suicide and homicide rates for the 11 US Indian Health Services areas. This outcome does not cross-culturally replicate research on Field's aggression management hypothesis.
Aggression↗
[The influence of HIV infections on the demand for assistance in an outpatient clinic for venereal diseases].
Educative campaigns on the danger of HIV infection have been quite successful. Within a decade the number of cases of gonorrhoea has sharply fallen. However, fear of AIDS does to some extent increase the demand for medical examination for sexually transmitted diseases. This explains why there is a discrepancy between the total number of consultations in the outpatient department and the actual number of cases of gonorrhoea diagnosed. From 1987 onward more time is being spent per consultation on counselling concerning HIV and prevention of HIV transmission by discouraging risk-bearing sexual practices. The numbers show that the target group has been reached successfully. In the University Hospital of Utrecht about half the patients with positive HIV serology were known before 1987 in the outpatient department for sexually transmitted diseases of that hospital. In the near future it will be mostly the venereal diseases clinics that will deal with the increasing demands concerning HIV.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[The optimal time periods for the treatment of patients with venereal diseases at the hospital and at the outpatient clinic].
Results are reported on a study on treatment time of venereal diseases in conditions of a hospital and out-patient department. A questionnaire was sent to leading authorities in dermato-venereology of the Ukraine. The obtained data were systematized and evaluated. This allowed us to reconsider treatment time which would improve the quality, reduce treatment time with a good economic effect.
Acute Disease↗
Genital herpesvirus infection in women attending a venereal diseases clinic.
Routine cervical viral cultures (and cultures from lesions if present) were performed on 2630 female patients attending a venereal diseases clinic over a period of four years. Of these patients 96 (3.7%) had genital herpetic infection; of these 23 (24%) were asymptomatic. The association of herpesvirus with other genital infections is considered, but no increase in the incidence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and genital warts was found; there was an increased incidence of Candida albicans. A significantly higher percentage of the patients with herpesvirus took oral contraceptives. The findings are discussed and compared with previous reports.
Adolescent↗
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of traditional medicinal plants used against venereal diseases in South Africa.
Aqueous, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of 13 plants used in South Africa for the treatment of venereal diseases were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity. Among the plants tested, Gunnera perpensa, Harpephyllum caffrum, Hypoxis latifolia and Ledebouria ovatifolia showed the best antibacterial activity. The aqueous extracts of Gunnera perpensa and Harpephyllum caffrum were most active against all the tested bacteria. In antifungal screening, good activity was shown by the ethanolic extracts of Bersama lucens and Harpephyllum caffrum. Only in the case of Harpephyllum caffrum did aqueous extracts have activity against Candida albicans.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Use of value clarification methods in venereal disease education.
The use of values clarification methods offers a means of dealing with the social-emotional stigmas associated with venereal diseass. It has become apparent that the facts alone are not sufficient in motivating the individual to seek treatment and cooperate in the epidemiologic process. This article suggests techniques of educating students or patients in order to get them in touch with their own feelings, attitudes, and prejudices. It also fosters understanding of the prevalent social myths and misconceptions about venereal diseases.
Attitude↗
Sexual behaviour of male teenagers attending a City Department for Skin and Venereal Diseases in Belgrade.
A study of sexual behaviour of teenagers is essential in the design of an effective intervention programme for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). A questionnaire was administered to 380 men, attending the department for skin and venereal diseases in Belgrade in the period from January 2000 to June 2001. Two groups were compared, 'STD cases' (attending for suspected STDs) and controls (with skin mycotic diseases). In multivariate logistic regression analysis the following risk factors were significantly more frequent in STD cases: sex on the same day as the first encounter (odds ratio (OR)= 2.62, 95% CI = 1.58-4.34), history of previous STD (OR = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.74-7.45) and never using a condom with an irregular partner (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.10-4.38).
Adolescent↗
Vaginal disease. Venereal and nonvenereal types.
Vaginal diseases are, in many cases, sexually transmitted. However, most can also be non-venereal and can occur in any age-group. Special care should be taken in examining and treating young females with vaginal disease, and the possibility of sexual abuse should be considered in this age-group. Finally, special attention should be paid to girls and women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero, as these patients have an increased risk of anatomic and reproductive anomalies.
Adenocarcinoma↗