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PubMed1986

Computer applications in plastic surgery training programs.

In this article three simple applications for microcomputers in the training program setting are explained. All three are also useful in a private practice setting. The ability to conduct a literature search from your own office and the ability to manage lists of clinical cases have important research as well as educational advantages. The computerized in-service examination takes an already useful educational tool and adds a new dimension.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of a 3 year education and training program. For nursing personnel at a Swedish hospital.

An education and training program comprising 1) patient transfer technique, 2) physical fitness exercise, and 3) stress management was conducted during 3 consecutive years at a Swedish hospital. The present study was based on data from four sets of questionnaires, distributed to 348 female nursing personnel who participated in the entire program. The aim of the study was to evaluate the program. It was evident from the questionnaires that 90% of the subjects were positive about participating in the program and 88% expected that participation would lead to decreased musculoskeletal disorders. However, no decrease in the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms during the study time period was observed. One year after the cessation of the program, 93% of all nurses reported they mostly or always used the new patient transfer technique and 99% considered it to be useful.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effects of a longitudinal training program on responses to exercise in overweight men.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine how training modifies metabolic responses and lipid oxidation in overweight young male subjects. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Eleven overweight subjects were selected for a 4-month endurance training program. Before and after the training period, they cycled for 60 minutes at 50% of their VO(2)max after an overnight fast or 3 hours after eating a standardized meal. Various metabolic and endocrine parameters, and respiratory exchange ratio values were evaluated. RESULTS: Exercise-induced plasma norepinephrine concentration increases were similar before and after training in fasted or fed conditions. After food intake, exercise promoted a decrease in plasma glucose and a higher increase in epinephrine than in fasting conditions. The increase in epinephrine after the meal was more marked after training (264 +/- 32 vs. 195 +/- 35 pg/mL). Training lowered the resting plasma nonesterified fatty acids. During exercise, changes in glycerol were similar to those found before training. Lipid oxidation during exercise was higher in fasting than in fed conditions (15.5 +/- 1.4 vs. 22.3 +/- 1.7 g/h). Training did not significantly increase fat oxidation when exercise was performed in fed conditions, but it did in fasting conditions (18.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 27.2 +/- 1.8 g/h). DISCUSSION: Endurance training decreased plasma nonesterified fatty acids, cholesterol, and insulin concentrations. Training increased lipid oxidation during exercise, in fasting conditions, and not when exercise was performed after the meal. During exercise in overweight subjects, the fasting condition seems more suited to oxidizing fat and maintaining glucose homeostasis than a 3-hour wait after a standard meal.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Demographic characteristics and knowledge of BSE of women electing to attend a BSE training program in Victoria, Australia.

Participants in the Mammacheck breast self-examination (BSE) training program were surveyed to assess the characteristics of women choosing to attend BSE training sessions, as well as to assess the factors that related to their BSE practice prior to attending the session. In all, 5,673 women completed questionnaires. In comparison with the general population, women who attended Mammacheck tended to be younger, married, and more highly educated, but did not differ in relation to prior experience of breast problems. Previous BSE practice related predominantly to the amount of knowledge about BSE the women reported that they had acquired before attending a training session. The findings highlight the importance of education and raised the important question of how to teach women with lower education levels and little or no knowledge about BSE. Recommendations are made.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clinical teaching in physician's assistant training programs.

This is a report on the clinical component of physician's assistant (PA) training programs. Given the significant role physicians played in establishing the new profession, it is not surprising many PA programs are built on the traditional model of medical education, with clinical training occurring after didactic and laboratory-based courses in the basic sciences. It is also not unexpected that programs rely heavily on physicians as clinical instructors. This situation, however, is changing. An increasing number of PA graduates are serving as role models and as instructors in patient care settings. These graduates are also assuming positions of leadership in PA programs. Like their counterparts in medical schools, the PA faculty members surveyed in this project are not adequately prepared for their work as teachers, but they do demonstrate an eagerness to enhance their skills and to continue to upgrade the quality of teaching in their programs. Two areas in which PA faculty would particularly like help are evaluation and faculty development.

Faculty↗
PubMed1986

The effects of exercise training programs on psychosocial improvement in uncomplicated postmyocardial infarction patients.

To determine the effects of exercise training programs on psychosocial improvement in uncomplicated postmyocardial infarction patients, 210 male patients hospitalized for an acute myocardial infarction (MI) were randomized to three week symptom limited treadmill (TM) plus home exercise training, TM plus medically supervised gym training, TM without formal exercise program or control, where patients were seen only at six months post MI. Patients in this sample were at low risk for psychosocial disturbance (13% were moderate to severely depressed, 23% reported marital disturbance and 3% were extremely anxious). Patients in the training groups improved from 3 to 26 weeks post MI on all depression and anxiety measures. The gym training group showed a significant reduction on one depression measure compared to no training and on one anxiety measure compared to controls.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Beneficial effects of a long-term oral L-arginine treatment added to a hypocaloric diet and exercise training program in obese, insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patients.

Because chronic L-arginine supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in nonobese type 2 diabetic patients, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a long-term oral L-arginine therapy on adipose fat mass (FM) and muscle free-fat mass (FFM) distribution, daily glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and adipokine release in obese type 2 diabetic patients with insulin resistance who were treated with a combined period of hypocaloric diet and exercise training. Thirty-three type 2 diabetic patients participated in a hypocaloric diet plus an exercise training program for 21 days. Furthermore, they were divided into two groups in randomized order: the first group was also treated with L-arginine (8.3 g/day), and the second group was treated with placebo. Although in the placebo group body weight, waist circumference, daily glucose profiles, fructosamine, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment index significantly decreased, L-arginine supplementation further decreased FM (P < 0.05) and waist circumference (P < 0.0001), preserving FFM (P < 0.03), and improved mean daily glucose profiles (P < 0.0001) and fructosamine (P < 0.03). Moreover, change in area under the curve of cGMP (second messenger of nitric oxide; P < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (index of antioxidant capacity; P < 0.01), and adiponectin levels (P < 0.02) increased, whereas basal endothelin-1 levels (P < 0.01) and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (P < 0.05) decreased in the L-arginine group. Long-term oral L-arginine treatment resulted in an additive effect compared with a diet and exercise training program alone on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, it improved endothelial function, oxidative stress, and adipokine release in obese type 2 diabetic patients with insulin resistance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[General proposals of the training programs in subspecialties in gynecology and obstetrics].

The article presents the outlines of training programs in subspecialties in gynecology and obstetrics as gynaecological oncology, reproductivity and gynaecological endocrinology, maternal-fetal medicine and gynaecological urology. The program should be discussed and evaluated by scientific gynaecological associations, the Centre for Postgraduate Training and approved of by the ministry.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed2003

Development and implementation of a tobacco cessation training program for students in the health professions.

BACKGROUND: A comprehensive tobacco cessation training program, Rx for Change, was developed and implemented as required coursework at all California schools of pharmacy and at the University of California San Francisco Schools of Medicine and Dentistry. RESULTS: Post-training evaluations administered to pharmacy students (n = 544; 89% participation) show a positive impact of the training on students' self-reported abilities for providing tobacco cessation counseling to patients. CONCLUSION: Designed as a vehicle for nationwide dissemination of the U.S. Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence, Rx for Change equips students with skills to intervene with all tobacco users, including patients who are not yet considering quitting.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A pharmacy fellowship in a family practice training program.

An evaluation of the two-year experience since the institution of the postdoctoral pharmacy fellowship in family practice has revealed the program to be a valuable one not only for the fellows completing the program but to the departments cosponsoring this experimental training program. The two individuals who have completed the program have gone to clinical practice positions. In both academic and hospital settings, the fellow gains an understanding of the philosophical basis of family medicine while at the same time gaining specialized experience in an area of interest as well as research design and implementation. The department of family practice has benefited by the provision of additional clinical pharmacy services and education. It has also enabled the department to expand its involvement in research activities.

Education, Pharmacy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A training program for operation of a head-controlled electric wheelchair.

A biofeedback training device providing auditory and visual feedback regarding head position in space was used to teach the head control necessary for the operation of a head-driven electric wheelchair. A case study of an adolescent with severe athetoid cerebral palsy is presented. The training program consists of four short-term goals: to provide trunk stability; to promote limb and postural control; to teach static head control; and to teach dynamic head control. The authors found that the biofeedback training device was a useful tool for teaching the head control required to operate a head-driven electric wheelchair. Among the recommendations discussed in the conclusion of this paper is the suggestion that certain pieces of equipment, such as a time-event counter and videotape equipment, would be very useful tools for collecting objective information about the patient's progress.

Hospital Bed Capacity, under 100↗
PubMed1993

[Improvement of communication behavior of laryngectomized and voice-rehabilitated patients by a psychological training program].

An important goal of laryngectomee rehabilitation is achieving the best possible result in voice restoration. In addition to good voice quality, efficient intelligibility in daily conversation requires specific communication skills, which are very often neglected in speech therapy. In this study 51 male laryngectomees were randomized to an intervention group or an attention control group. After hospital discharge the intervention group participated in a psychological training program aimed at improving the communication behavior of the laryngectomees. This training was part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program (lasting over six months) and consisted of four modules: Improvement of communication over the disability; Discrimination of factors affecting intelligibility; Development of behavioral strategies for improving intelligibility in daily conversation; Transferring the strategies to daily live. The effectiveness of training was evaluated by a questionnaire which covered three important aspects of communication behavior. As a result of the intervention the patients influenced more effectively their own communication behavior and also influenced more adequately the behavior of typical communication partners. Present finding with the psychological training program demonstrated that the communication behavior of laryngectomees can be significantly improved.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

An evaluation of peer and professional trainers in a union-based occupational health and safety training program.

Social cognitive theory posits that behavior can be changed by observing others perform or describe performance of behaviors. This framework was applied to understanding health behavior change associated with workplace health and safety training. Questionnaires were developed and administered to 426 workers at a United Automobile Worker's Union health and safety training program. Participants received training from one of three trainers: (1) local union discussion leaders (LUDLs), (2) professional staff trainers, or (3) LUDLs with professional staff trainers. Data were collected in three phases: before, after, and three months post-training. Findings show that subjects trained by LUDLs identify most closely with their instructors, whereas subjects trained by staff trainers identify least closely with them. In addition, workers trained by LUDLs reported changing behavior as a result of training more often than workers trained by others.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Assessment of a cognitive training program for hyperactive children.

Modeling, self-verbalization, and self-reinforcement techniques were used to train hyperactive children in more effective and less impulsive strategies for approaching cognitive tasks, academic problems, and social situations. Eighteen hyperactive children took part in the training program. The control group, which received no training, consisted of 11 children, matched with the experimental group on age, IQ, and measures of hyperactivity and impulsivity. Several tests and measures, some of which have been shown to differentiate between hyperactive and normal children, were administered prior to training at the end of the 3-month training period, and after a further 3-month period in which no training took place. The trained group showed significantly greater improvement on several of the measures, both at the time of posttesting and on the follow-up evaluation.

Attention↗
PubMed2002

Effects of a short-term exercise training program on aerobic fitness, fatigue, health perception and activity level of subjects with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients of an inpatient rehabilitation program have been randomly assigned to an exercise training (MS-ET) or nontraining group (MS-NI). Before and after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise training, a graded maximal exercise test with measurement of gas exchange and a lung function test was administered to all 26 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Activity level, fatigue and health perception were measured by means of questionnaires. Twenty-six healthy persons served as control group and were matched in respect of age, gender and activity level. Training intervention consisted of 5x30 min sessions per week of bicycle exercise with individualised intensity. Compared with baseline, the MS training group demonstrated a significant rightward placement of the aerobic threshold (AT) (VO2+13%; work rate [WR])+11%), an improvement of health perception (vitality+46%; social interaction+36%), an increase of activity level (+17%) and a tendency to less fatigue. No changes were observed for the MS-NI group and the control groups. Maximal aerobic capacity and lung function were not changed by either training or nontraining in all four groups. Overall compliance to the training program was quite low (65%), whereas incidence of symptom exacerbation by physical activity has been lower than expected (6%).

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of an inservice training program on dementia and wandering.

This study assessed the impact of an inservice training program in four nursing homes on nursing staff's knowledge of dementia, pacing/wandering behavior and management strategies, staff satisfaction, and their perceptions of work difficulty and quality of care. Additionally, unit-level behavioral observations of agitated behavior and the nature of resident interactions with staff members and other residents were also performed to assess whether changes in nursing staff's knowledge impacted the residents or interactions with the residents. Analyses revealed that quiz scores were significantly improved immediately following the inservice program as compared to pretest but returned to near pretest levels at the 1-month follow-up. Additionally, nursing staff reported that residents were allowed to pace/wander to a greater extent at follow-up compared to pretest. Methods for improving the effectiveness of inservice training are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Treating insomnia with a self-administered muscle relaxation training program: a follow-up.

22 subjects seeking psychological help for problems of insomnia were trained to use a self-administered treatment package which contained a booklet explaining the problem and outlining the training program in detail and a tape with three versions of progressive relaxation training. A follow-up study one year later indicated that 90% of the subjects had trained according to the instructions and that 82% experienced a positive effect on sleep both with respect to falling asleep, staying asleep, and consumption of sleeping pills. It was concluded that self-administered relaxation training seems a cheap, convenient, and effective means of treating insomnia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Semi-supervised exercise training program for patients with coronary heart disease--its effectiveness and possible diagnostic implications for predicting their severity.

Semi-supervised physical training for 12 weeks was performed on 60 patients with coronary heart disease including 48 patients with myocardial infarction and 12 with angina pectoris. The training program consisted of medically-supervised training at the institute once a week and unsupervised training at home at least twice a week with an intensity of 70 to 85% of the maximum heart rate which had been attained by a symptom-limited multiphasic treadmill stress testing according to Bruce's protocol. The results showed an average increase of maximum oxygen consumption from 27.0 +/- 5.7 to 31.0 +/- 7.8 ml/min X kg (p less than 0.01) and of treadmill time from 507 +/- 120 to 673 +/- 140 sec (p less than 0.0001). Cardiovascular responses reduced at a submaximal level of exercise and remained unchanged at the maximal level of exercise. No detrimental events were encountered during the program. The left heart catheterization and coronary angiogram were performed on 35 out of 60 patients. The trainability was higher in patients with single-vessel disease than in those with multi-vessel disease. Based on these results, supervised training should be required mostly for patients with low physical fitness, and patients with high physical fitness can probably improve their physical abilities by self-training at home following a proper exercise program.

Adult↗