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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Necrotizing tracheobronchitis: a complication of high-frequency ventilation.

The tracheobronchial histopathologic findings in eight neonates who died after treatment with high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) were compared with those in eight similar infants who died after treatment with conventional mechanical ventilation. The HFJV and conventionally treated groups were matched as closely as possible for birth weight, gestational age, and duration of mechanical ventilation. A 4-point, nine-variable histologic scoring system was used to grade tissue changes in the trachea, carina, and mainstem bronchi. The patients who received HFJV had significantly more histologic damage in their tracheas, carinas, and right and left mainstem bronchi. At all levels of the airway examined, HFJV was associated with more inflammation, greater losses of ciliated epithelium, and more mucus within the lumen of the airway than was conventional mechanical ventilation.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1986

Antibiotic activity in sputum.

Pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is primarily a purulent tracheobronchitis. Antibiotics are available that are active in vitro against bacteria isolated from sputum from patients with CF. Despite efficacious antibiotic concentrations in serum, however, the results of treatment are frequently suboptimal. A widely accepted explanation for this limited efficacy is poor penetration of orally or intravenously administered antibiotics into respiratory secretions. The bioactivity of antibiotics in respiratory secretions is not identical to that found in vitro. Laboratory conditions are standardized and selected to approximate serum. Deviations from these conditions can markedly influence the results. Differences in composition between sputum and laboratory culture media, as well as variation in growth and metabolism of the pathogen in respiratory secretions, must be considered when predicting in vivo activity in sputum. Thus, when defining criteria for antibiotic susceptibility or resistance in the treatment of pulmonary infection in patients with CF, the concentrations achievable in bronchial secretions as well as the bioactivity in this environment should be considered.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1989

Stridor and airway compromise.

A graduated approach to the diagnosis of airway lesion will rarely fail. The availability of state-of-the-art optical equipment, excellent anesthesia, and high-quality medical care have remarkably reduced the morbidity and mortality of airway diseases. Electrodiagnosis of vocal cord paralysis will differentiate fixed arytenoids from neurogenic paralysis in candidates for laryngeal repair and will help define the prognosis of neurogenic paralysis. The excellent results from epiglottoplasty in treating laryngomalacia and laryngotracheal reconstruction for stenosis make obsolete any management with tracheotomy and watchful waiting. Close cooperation and good communication between the pediatrician and the otolaryngologist remain the key points for successful management.

Airway Obstruction↗