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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

The consequences of not replacing a missing posterior tooth.

BACKGROUND: Failure to replace a missing posterior tooth is assumed to result in host of adverse consequences, which include shifting of teeth and loss of alveolar bone support. METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal study (median follow-up period 6.9 years), using the radiographs of 111 patients who had an untreated bounded edentulous space, or BES, was conducted to determine the extent to which these adverse outcomes occurred. RESULTS: The majority of patients lost 1 millimeter or less of the distance between teeth adjacent to the space, extrusion of the opposing tooth was < or = 1 mm in 99 percent of the cases, and the amount of alveolar bone loss next to the adjacent teeth was < or = 1 mm in 83 percent of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Within the follow-up time in this study, this group of patients did not exhibit the expected adverse consequences with either the frequency or severity generally assumed to be associated with nonreplacement of a single posterior tooth. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These findings suggest that for the large majority of patients who experience a single-tooth posterior BES, immediate treatment may not be critical to the maintenance of arch stability. Instead, regular follow-up assessments to monitor change in stability and periodontal health may be warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The origin and development of the upper lateral incisor and premaxilla in normal and cleft lip/palate monkeys induced with cyclophosphamide.

OBJECTIVE: Cleft lip/palate (CLP) is a common human congenital defect in which the maxillary lateral incisors are often absent, malformed, and malpositioned. The present study was designed to examine the origin of the upper primary lateral incisor relative to the medial nasal process (MNP) and maxillary process (MP) fusion area and to the premaxillary/maxillary (incisive) suture in monkeys. METHOD: Scanning electron microscopy, histology, skeletal staining, and drying techniques were used to study facial development in embryo and fetal monkey specimens. A teratogenic dose of cyclophosphamide was administered to pregnant monkeys prior to fusion of the MNP and MP and fetuses were examined for CLP. RESULTS: Formation of the anterior maxilla involved fusion of the MNP and MP at stages 14-18. At stages 18-20, the palatal portion of the MNP had formed the medial and lateral incisive mounds. By stage 22, the upper primary lateral incisor has formed within the MP, lateral to the MNP/MP fusion area and to the ossifying premaxilla. Ossification of the premaxilla begins in the MNP and subsequently spreads laterally across the MNP/MP fusion area into the MP. Accordingly, the lateral incisor undergoes a complex positional shift (mainly medial) relative to the incisive suture both prenatally and postnatally and is finally located medial to the suture. Examination of the cyclophosphamide-induced CLP fetuses showed that the lateral incisor is located lateral to the alveolar cleft and does not shift medial to the incisive suture. CONCLUSION: Understanding the origin of the lateral incisor (the tooth closest to the cleft) and the shift after its formation provides clues to high incidence of malformations and ectopia of this incisor in cleft patients.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1980

Histologic study of the effects of occlusal hypofunction following antagonist tooth extraction in the rat.

A histologic study was done to observe the influence of occlusal hypofunction on periodontal tissues and the physiologic drift process, and to elucidate the origin of periodontal ligament narrowing. Twenty-four Wistar rats were used. Hypofunction was induced by extracting the right maxillary molars. Histologic observations were reported on the right lower jaws which were fixed, decalcified, sectioned and stained according to classical histologic methods. Two groups of five animals each were used for a complementary study study using sequential fluorescent labeling in order to evaluate the bone formation rate. After 15 days of hypofunction, the periodontal ligament was obviously narrowed and its structure was disorganized. Woven-bone formation was noted at the top of the interradicular septa, at the bottom of the sockets and along their modeling sides. At 30 days and at intervals up to 3 months, the periodontal ligament remained disorganized and narrowed. The newly-formed bone was engaged in a maturation process. Nevertheless, osteoporosis was also observed at the inferior part of the interradicular septa. Fluorescent labeling confirmed the histologic findings and showed that the induced bone formation is related to periodontal ligament narrowing and the supra-eruption process.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2005

Gingival overgrowth in children: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and complications. A literature review.

Gingival overgrowth is the enlargement of the attached gingiva due to an increased number of cells. The most prevalent types of gingival overgrowth in children are drug-induced gingival overgrowth, hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF), and neurofibromatosis I (von Recklinghausen disease). Gingival overgrowth induced by drugs such as phenytoin, nifedipine, and cyclosporin develops due to an increase in the connective tissue extracellular matrix. According to epidemiologic studies, it is more prevalent in male children and adolescents. There is an additive effect of those drugs on the degree of gingival overgrowth. Genetic heterogeneity seems to play an important role in the development of the disease. Functional difficulties, disfigurement, increased caries, and delayed eruption of permanent teeth are the main complications of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. HGF is the most common syndromic gingival enlargement in children. This autosomal dominant disease usually appears at the time of eruption of permanent dentition. Histologically, it is characterized by highly collagenized connective tissue. The most important complications are drifting of teeth, prolonged retention of primary dentition, diastemata, and poor plaque control. Neurofibromatosis I is an autosomal dominant disease more common in mentally handicapped individuals. Gingival overgrowth is caused by the formation of plexiform neurofibromas in the connective tissue of the gingiva. Plexiform neurofibromas are pathognomonic of the disease and consist of hypertrophic nerves arranged as lobules in the connective tissue. Complications of the disease are multiple and severe due to neurofibromas and their occasional malignant transformation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

[Comparison of shortened dental arches with complete dental arches by clinical examinations].

PURPOSE: Recently, there have been reports in favor of avoiding prosthodontic intervention as Shortened Dental Arch (SDA) in Northern Europe. However, many of these reports were conducted through interviews and questionnaires, and so the evaluation of the results lacked objectivity. Thus, this research analyzed the clinical status of SDA. METHODS: For the selection of subjects, seven patients (average age: 59.3+/-13.2 years old) who had had the free-end missing on both sides of the lower dental arches for over five years were chosen as the SDA group. As the complete dental arch (CDA) group, seven patients (average age: 61.3+/-9.6 years old) who had no clinical defects in their masticatory function, and who had no missing teeth other than the third molar, were selected. Measurement items in this study were occlusal contact areas for the mandible premolar, center of force, occlusion time, and interdentium. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis and the significance level was assumed to be 5%. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) The occlusal contact area of the mandible premolar of SDA was significantly large. 2) The center of force of SDA was significantly forward. 3) The occlusion time of SDA had a tendency of prolongation. 4) Interdentium of 3 2 | 2 3, 4 3 | 3 4 and 5 4 | 4 5 of SDA were significantly wide. CONCLUSIONS: There were differences of clinical parameters between SDA and CDA in this study.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Tooth movement by biomechanical technique in orthodontic treatment].

The purpose of this study was to analyze tooth movement by measuring the electric impedance of the wire and by using the nonlinear finite element analysis. In this study, the HP4338A Milliohmmeter was used and the model consisted of a metal tooth, silicone bath, bracket, and orthodontic wire. Then, the two-dimensional finite elements were used and the model consisted of tooth, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, bracket, and orthodontic wire. There were two analyses. The first was the contact nonlinear finite element analysis of elastic deformation in the displaced tooth at the slide points between the bracket and wire where two gap element areas existed, and the second was the material nonlinear finite element analysis of the stress relaxation in bone at the fixing points between the bracket and wire where two rigid element areas, differing from the gap element areas, existed. The results were as follows: 1. The linear proportion between the electric impedance and the orthodontic wire was found. Therefore very minute tooth movements became measurable with changes of the wire electric impedance. 2. During tooth movement, the stick between the bracket and the wire altered with the slip ones repeatedly. 3. The movement of the displaced tooth at the center of rotation was counterclockwise. 4. The movement of the displaced tooth at the bracket position was clockwise.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

[Unusual complication of extraction of a third molar].

The authors summarized the technical problems of the Wisdom teeth extraction. They advised to send the patients from the basic dental service to the aMaxillofacial Surgery Departments if the position of tooth is unfavourable. They reported a complicated case of the third molar extraction.

Humans↗