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PubMed1994

A review of dental injuries and the use of mouthguards in contact team sports.

Dental injuries are the commonest type of orofacial injury sustained during participation in sports. Of the types which are currently available, custom-made mouthguards fitted by a dentist have been demonstrated to provide the greatest protection from dental injuries. Such mouthguards should therefore be recommended for use by those who participate in contact sports, and their provision should be actively encouraged by dental care workers.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Maxillofacial trauma due to work-related accidents.

Even though numerous reports on maxillofacial trauma exist, only a few give detailed information about work-related maxillofacial injuries. The purpose of this study was to reveal the significance of maxillofacial injuries related to accidents occurring at work by evaluating a large number of patients with maxillofacial injuries over a 9-year period. Out of the 8704 trauma patients treated between 1991 and 1999 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, 463 (5.4%) were injured at work. All charts were reviewed and analyzed according to age, gender, cause of accident, occupation, type of injury, location and frequency of fractures. The highest incidence of maxillofacial injury was found among construction workers (a total of 124 patients, 26.8%), followed by craftsmen (102 patients, 22.0%) and office employees (69 patients, 14.9%). The sex distribution showed an overall male-to-female ratio of 11.8:1 and those in the age group most affected were between 20 and 29 years of age. The most frequent cause of injury was a blow in 48.4%, followed by falls and falls over obstacles, accounting for 27.9% and 7.1%, respectively. Of all trauma, 45.4% (210 persons) sustained 423 maxillofacial fractures, 31.7% (147 patients) suffered 232 dento-alveolar injuries, and 21.2% (98 people) showed 430 soft-tissue injuries. One-fifth (20.7%) of all patients displayed concomitant injuries with cerebral and cranial trauma being the most common. The probability of sustaining maxillofacial trauma at work is correlated to the nature of the occupation. Individuals (mostly men) using tools or machines at work are exposed to a much higher risk of work-related maxillofacial trauma.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1997

Athletic mouth guards prevent orofacial injuries.

Competitive and recreational athletes are at significant risk of orofacial injury. The use of mouth guards and face shields can substantially reduce that risk. In this article, the author summarizes the known incidence of orofacial trauma and the benefits of using athletic mouth guards and advises college health professionals to advocate mouth guards for athlete-patients who are at risk.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Effect of mouthguards on dental injuries and concussions in college basketball.

PURPOSE: Dental injuries can be permanent and disfiguring. They are also universally expensive to treat. Many dentists, sports physicians, and athletic trainers recommend mouthguards for athletes participating in certain competitive sports, including men's college basketball, because of a common perception that mouthguards afford protection from dental injuries, and even some concussions. However, there are few reliable reports of the incidence of dental injuries and concussions in men's college basketball, and good evidence that mouthguards reduce the risk of these injuries in this population of athletes is notably lacking. This study prospectively recorded dental injuries and concussions among 50 men's Division I college basketball teams during one competitive season, then compared injury rates between mouthguard users and nonusers. METHODS: During the 1999 to 2000 basketball season, athletic trainers from 50 men's Division I college basketball programs used an Internet Web site to submit weekly reports of the number of athlete exposures, mouthguard users, concussions, oral soft tissue injuries, dental injuries, and dentist referrals. RESULTS: Response rate was 86%. There were 70,936 athlete exposures. Athletes using custom-fitted mouthguards accounted for 8663 exposures. Injury rates were expressed as number of injuries per 1000 athlete exposures. There were no significant differences between mouthguard users and nonusers in rates of concussions (0.35 vs 0.55) or oral soft tissue injuries (0.69 vs 1.06). Mouthguard users had significantly lower rates of dental injuries (0.12 vs 0.67; P < 0.05) and dentist referrals (0.00 vs 0.72; P < 0.05) than nonusers. CONCLUSION: Custom-fitted mouthguards do not significantly affect rates of concussions or oral soft tissue injuries, but can significantly reduce the morbidity and expense resulting from dental injuries in men's Division I college basketball.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiology of dental trauma treated in an urban pediatric emergency department.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries to children treated in an urban pediatric emergency department (ED). DESIGN: A descriptive study of a consecutive series of patients. SETTING: The ED of a large, academic children's hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Children presenting to the ED with dental trauma from December 1992 to November 1993. RESULTS: Of 1459 children treated for dental emergencies, 541 had dental trauma (37%) and were enrolled in this study. Patients ranged in age from five months to 18 years. Fifty-nine percent of patients were less than seven years of age, and 59% of patients were male. Falls caused 63% of injuries, followed by being struck (17%), and motor vehicle crashes (2%). Injuries to the soft tissues included lacerations (32%), swelling (8%), abrasions (7%), and contusions (6%). Injuries to hard dental structures included tooth fractures (33%), luxations (18%), concussions (12%), avulsions (8%), and jaw fractures (1%). Tooth luxation and concussion were more common among children less than seven years of age, and fractures to the tooth crown with dentin exposure (Ellis class II) were seen most often among children with permanent dentition (chi 2 = 41.4, P < 0.005). The central incisors were the teeth most frequently traumatized. CONCLUSION: Findings of this large consecutive series provide a useful description of the epidemiology of this common type of pediatric trauma for pediatric emergency care providers.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1979

Epidemiologic survey of accidental dentofacial injuries among U.S. Army personnel.

This epidemiologic study of accidental dentofacial injuries to U.S. Army personnel was conducted to determine the frequency and distribution patterns of accidental dentofacial injuries to soldiers. Administratively, it was anticipated that this data would permit identification of high-risk groups and would suggest feasible preventive measures. This 9-month study was conducted on 16 Army posts with a combined population at risk of 210,500 soldiers; a standardized data collection form was completed by the dental corps officer treating the injury case and then was mailed to a central collection site for analysis. The data from this dentofacial injury study clearly reveal that differential risks exist for various military subpopulations. While the overall U.S. Army accidental dentofacial injury rate was 37.7 cases/10,000/year, this rate varied greatly for specific subgroups with high-risk factors including young males, lower enlisted ranks, recent recruits, and combat training posts. The primary specific causes of these injuries were fistfights (nearly 30%), sports (over 20%), and vehicles (about 15%).

Accidents↗
PubMed2004

Incidence of dental trauma associated with facial trauma in Brazil: a 1-year evaluation.

Dental trauma occurs frequently in young people, and mostly occurs in conjunction with facial trauma. In the literature, there are still few reports relating dental trauma, facial trauma, and soft-tissue injuries. This research aimed to evaluate: (i) the overall incidence of dental trauma in 340 patients who presented with facial trauma over a 1-year-period, (ii) the epidemiology of these related diseases, and (iii) the most common dental trauma when a facial trauma was present. Of all facial trauma, 15.29% presented dental trauma, of which luxations and avulsions were the most frequent injuries (40.30% each), occurring mainly on weekends (38.46%) and in October (15.38%), followed by March and June (13.46% each). The sex ratio presented the proportion of 3.3:1 (M:F). Trauma occurred mainly in the second decade (44.23%). These results highlight the high incidence of dental and facial trauma, and suggest the importance of the adoption of appropriate prevention protocols and effective therapeutic methods.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2000

Management of acute dento-alveolar trauma--from the viewpoint of an oral surgeon.

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons often deal with acute dento-alveolar trauma in hospital or practice surroundings. They are often called upon by dental colleagues to give their advice or help in a given situation of the acute trauma patient with dental or oral injuries. In this article, the practical viewpoints and clinical experiences of an oral surgeon are offered based upon many years of work in hospital emergency rooms around the world.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2002

Orofacial injuries from sport: preventive measures for sports medicine.

Individuals worldwide are participating in an expanding arena of vigorous physical activities as well as competitive sports at all levels. The healthful benefits of such activities are unfortunately associated with injury risks that include orofacial soft- and hard-tissue trauma. This article describes the scope and emergency management of sports-related orofacial traumatic injuries that may be encountered by physicians in the field of sports medicine. Since most of these injuries are preventable with the use of protective equipment, specific recommendations are provided for the use of properly fitted mouthguards.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2005

[Problems of the head and neck region in divers].

For understanding the problems in the head and neck region of divers, knowledge of some physical laws is needed. Primarily, problems of diving are related to barotrauma: tissue-damage by pressure. The most frequent problems encoutered with diving are problems in closed cavities, such as in ears, teeth, and sinuses. Other problems occuring are those of temporomandibular joints, facial nerves, and oral mucosal tissues.

Barotrauma↗