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PubMed2002

Processing and properties of strong and non-rigid calcium phosphate cement.

A calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets to form hydroxyapatite and has been used in dental and craniofacial applications. However, when CPC was used in periodontal repair, tooth mobility resulted in the fracture and exfoliation of the brittle implants. The aim of this study was to develop CPC-chitosan lactate composites with higher strength and increased strain before failure. It was hypothesized that the incorporation of chitosan lactate would render CPC non-rigid with improved properties. Two-way ANOVA showed significant effects of chitosan lactate and powder:liquid ratio (p < 0.001) on flexural strength, strain-at-peak-load, work-of-fracture, and elastic modulus. At powder:liquid = 2, the strength (mean +/- SD; n = 6) at 20% chitosan lactate was 15.7 +/- 1.3 MPa, higher than 4.9 +/- 1.4 MPa of CPC without chitosan lactate. At powder:liquid = 1, the strain-at-peak-load was 0.2% for CPC without chitosan lactate; it increased to 15.8% for CPC containing 15% chitosan lactate. The work-of-fracture was increased by more than ten times. The novel strong and non-rigid CPC may provide compliance for tooth mobility without fracturing the implant, and may also extend the use of CPC into the repair of larger defects in stress-bearing locations.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of ectopically erupting maxillary permanent first molars with a distal extended stainless steel crown.

The exaggerated mesial eruption of the permanent first molar can result in the tooth becoming impacted, or the premature atypical resorption and exfoliation of the primary molar, with a resultant loss of space. A stainless steel crown with a distal guide plane was placed on a primary molar to correct the aberrant eruption angle of the permanent tooth. This procedure can be used successfully for both partially and totally tissue-impacted teeth, and is described in this report.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Implant failure with spontaneous rapid exfoliation: case reports.

BACKGROUND: The predictability and success of endosseous dental implants has secured their place as a standard treatment modality. Nevertheless, a small number of implants will fail regardless of operator experience or clinically recognizable cause. This article presents two cases of early failure of two-stage dental implants manifesting in a spontaneous and rapid exfoliation. METHODS: Two healthy adult male patients received single-tooth, machined titanium implant fixtures during uncomplicated stage-one surgical procedures. RESULTS: After an uneventful early postoperative healing phase, both patients returned during the 4 to 6 week time period with failing implants. Clinical examination in both cases revealed the exfoliation of a fixture from the edentulous area with varying signs of soft tissue reaction in each instance. Radiographs revealed osteotomy sites along with the coronally migrating fixtures, with one of the exfoliated implants accompanied by apparent perifixtural radiolucency. In both cases, the implant fixtures were removed digitally without anesthesia. Subsequent medical follow-up was noncontributory, and ultimate healing was uneventful in both cases. Two separate attempts in the mandibular right second premolar region of one patient ended in similar failures despite the successful osseointegration of an identical fixture on the contralateral side. CONCLUSIONS: Few cases of early exfoliation of dental implants have been reported in the literature. Although the exact etiology of the early fixture loss in these two patients is unclear, the description of these cases can add to the published knowledge of dental implant failures and potentially lead to the uncovering and prevention of their causative mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

X-ray fluorescence analysis of lead in teeth of urban children in situ: correlation between the tooth lead level and the concentration of blood lead and free erythroporphyrins.

The tooth lead level of 30 lead-exposed children was measured in situ using an X-ray fluorescence technique. The tooth lead concentration divided by the child's age correlated with the free erythroporphyrin (FEP) (r = 0.51) and the blood lead levels (r = 0.31). The mean tooth lead concentrations of 10 Class IV children (FEP greater than or equal to 190 micrograms/100 ml; blood lead 30-80 micrograms/ml) was 14.5 +/- 5.5 ppm/year. Reexamination of the histories of children who had been classified as Class II or III, but who had tooth lead concentrations within 1 SD of the Class IV level, indicated that many of these children could also be considered to be Class IV children. When the x-ray fluorescence technique was used to screen an urban population of 300 children, the tooth lead values indicated that 72% of the children had been exposed to low levels of environmental lead. Six percent of the children were found to have tooth lead concentrations in excess of 9 ppm/year and within 1 SD of the mean value exhibited by Class IV children. These children were considered to have a high body lead burden. The percentage of children having an elevated tooth lead level is similar to the number previously reported using exfoliated deciduous teeth.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Consequences of endodontic treatment in primary teeth. Part I: A clinical and radiographic study of the influence of formocresol pulpotomy on the life-span of primary molars.

In the context of a study of the life-spans of primary teeth subjected to formocresol pulpotomy, 152 such teeth were compared with the corresponding teeth on the contralateral sides. The life-span of each tooth was determined by registration of the time of exfoliation or extraction. In addition, data were collected concerning factors which may influence the life-spans of teeth. The principal conclusions are: There was no significant difference in life-spans between primary teeth with or without pulpotomy. Premature loss due to extraction exerted virtually no influence on the mean life-span of primary teeth, regardless of whether a pulpotomy had been performed. There was no significant difference in the number of extractions of primary teeth with or without a formocresol pulpotomy. There was no significant difference in the mean life-span between primary teeth with vital and those with nonvital pulp at the time of formocresol pulpotomy.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Oral aspects of osteopetrosis.

The characteristic feature of osteopetrosis is a lack of osteoclastic activity, leading to a series of somatic problems for afflicted persons. The life span of osteopetrotic patients has increased in recent years, thereby making oral aspects of the disease more evident. Four children with malignant osteopetrosis, born between 1967 and 1975, were examined. In all patients the anterior teeth were of normal shape, and erupted on schedule. Primary molars and all permanent teeth were greatly distorted, and remained totally or partly embedded in basal bone. Vertical growth of alveolar ridge was very limited. Where a fenestration of overlaying mucosa had occurred, a localized progressive osteitis developed, leading to soft tissue inflammation and, in two cases, extraoral mandibular fistulas. Peridontal attachment was very poor, spontaneous exfoliation had occurred in all patients. In two children tooth germs and necrotic bone were surgically removed. No beneficial effect of the treatment was observed. Large doses of antibiotics were needed to control recurring infections. No means of curing progressive osseous destruction of mandibular bone has been found. The general prognosis is poor.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Mineral trioxide aggregate as a pulpotomy agent in primary molars: an in vivo study.

The retention of pulpally involved deciduous tooth in a healthy state until the time of normal exfoliation remains to be one of the challenges for Pedodontists. A scientific noise has been generated about several materials some of which have been popular pulpotomy medicaments. Concerns have been raised about the toxicity and potential carcinogenicity of these materials, and alternatives have been proposed to maintain the partial pulp vitality, however to date no material has been accepted as an ideal pulpotomy agent. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a biocompatible material which provides a biological seal. MTA has been proposed as a potential medicament for various pulpal procedures like pulp capping with reversible pulpitis, apexification, repair of root perforations, etc. Hence the present study was done to evaluate the efficacy of MTA as a pulpotomy medicament. A clinical and radiographic evaluation was done on children where MTA was used as pulpotomy medicament in primary molars for a period of 6 months and it was found to be a successful material.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed1997

[The study on chemical composition and crystalline structure of hypoplastic primary dental enamel].

The present study, firstly, analyzed chemical composition of hypoplastic primary teeth by electron probe analyzer and compared the hypoplastic part with the normal part in the same tooth; secondly, by X-ray diffraction analyzer, studied the hypoplastic dental enamel and the normal dental enamel, and compared the crystalline structure between different dental enamel and with that of the hydroxyapatite. The aim was to find out any change of crystalline structure. Two exfoliated hypoplastic deciduous anterior teeth were used for the electron probe study. The normal part of each tooth served as control. Determinations of weight percentage (wt%) were made for P, Al, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn, Sr, Na, K and F. Four exfoliated hypoplastic deciduous anterior teeth and eight exfoliated normal deciduous anterior teeth were used for the X-ray diffraction study. We found by X-ray diffraction that the length of the alpha-axis of enamel crystallite and the distance of lattice plane (corresponding 300) were increased in defective enamel and could be associated with the increased content of magnesium detected by electron probe. Thus, the present study demonstrated that there were both quantity and quality changes in the enamel hypoplasia lesion, which may increase the susceptibility of the defective teeth to caries.

Calcium↗
PubMed1978

[The mechanical effect of various types of tooth brushes on the alveolar mucosa and the gingiva (scanning electron microscopic studies)].

In animal experiments guinea pigs were subjected three times weekly for 4 weeks to cleaning with a plane multitufted or a toothed "space tufted" toothbrush for 20 seconds by a standardised method comparing opposing quadrants on each side. Scan electronmicroscopic evaluation of the tissue exfoliation from the area of attached gum before cleaning, after 2 and 4 weeks, shows that localised though different epithelial lesions occur with both tooth brushes. The lesions reach into the submucosa with the toothed type brush. Influence on the epithelium in the sense of normalising keratinisation after tooth brush massage could not be confirmed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Parameters affecting EPR dose reconstruction in teeth.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the lower limit of detection (LLD), linearity of dose response, variation of radiation sensitivity between different tooth enamel samples, and time/temperature stability of EPR biodosimetry in tooth enamel. The theoretical LLD is shown to be 0.46 mGy, which is far lower than the measured value of about 30 mGy. The main issues to lowering LLD are the differentiation of the radiation-induced component against the total EPR spectrum and the complex nature of the dose dependence of the EPR signal. The following questions are also discussed in detail: need for exfoliated or extracted teeth from persons of interest, accounting for background radiation contribution; conversion of tooth enamel absorbed dose to effective dose; accounting for internal exposure specifically from bone-seeking radionuclides. Conclusions on future development of EPR retrospective biodosimetry are made.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoride varnishes and caries development in primary tooth enamel: an in vitro study.

This in vitro study evaluated the effect of fluoride varnishes on caries development in primary tooth enamel using polarized light microscopic techniques. A total of forty extracted or exfoliated primary teeth with intact, caries-free smooth surfaces underwent a fluoride-free prophylaxis and soft tissue were assigned to one of the following groups: 1) duraphat (5 percent sodium fluoride, vanish, Colgate, n=10); 2) Duraflor (5 percent sodium fluoride, Pharmascience, n = 10); 3 Cavity Shield (5 percent sodium fluoride varnish, Omni, n=10); and 4) Control (n=10). An acid-resistant coating was applied to the specimens leaving an exposed window of sound enamel (5mm x 1mm). The fluoride varnishes were applied to the primary teeth according to the manufacturer's recommendation. Following thermocycling (500 cycles, 5-50 degrees C) of the fluoride varnish-treated and control teeth, a fluoride-free pumice toothbrushing was performed to remove visible and macroscopically (dissecting microscope at 16x) detectable fluoride varnish. An acid resistant coating was reapplied where necessary, leaving the fluoride varnish treated sound enamel window exposed. Following in vitro caries formation (2.2mM Ca, 2.2mM PO4 50mM acetic acid, 0.5ppm fluoride, pH 3.90), longitudinal sections (5 per specimen) were obtained and evaluated by polarized light microscopy for mean lesion depth. Comparisons were made among treatment and control groups.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral eruption sequestra: report of case.

A case report of bilateral eruption sequestra was presented. The eruption sequestrum must be included in the differential diagnosis of pain during eruption. Although previously thought to have little clinical significance, the eruption sequestrum may retain plaque in close association with the newly erupting tooth. The retained eruption sequestrum may lead to pericoronitis or pit and fissure caries. While many spontaneously resorb or exfoliate, some, as in this case, may need surgical removal.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of the calibration method of a laser fluorescence device for detecting occlusal caries in primary molars.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of individual calibration on sound tooth surfaces and the number of readings on in vitro performance of a laser fluorescence (LF) device to detect occlusal caries in primary teeth. METHODS: After standard calibration (on the porcelain reference object), 72 clinically suspect sites on occlusal surfaces of 54 exfoliated or extracted (for orthodontic purposes) primary molars were assessed using the DIAGNOdent. First, after individual calibration (on a sound surface of each tooth), 3 readings were performed for each site. Subsequently, another 3 readings were taken, but without individual calibration on a sound surface of the tooth. After these assessments, sites were also evaluated with only one reading after individual calibration. Histological validation was performed as the gold standard. LF values, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy (number of correct diagnosis in both sound and diseased teeth) were calculated and compared using the McNemar change test. The area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves was also compared. RESULTS: Readings with standard calibration only (mean= 11.7 +/- 10.6 SD) were significantly higher statistically than assessment with 3 readings after individual calibration (10.7 +/- 10.7) and with 1 reading (10.2 +/- 8.3) after individual calibration. Nevertheless, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under ROC curve did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: Absence of individual calibration does not affect the laser fluorescence device's performance in detecting occlusal caries in primary teeth.

Calibration↗
PubMed1979

Deciduous teeth contain histories of developmental disturbances.

The crowns of the deciduous teeth are permanent structures which form by incremental growth during the second half of pregnancy and first year of life. These structures become available between the ages of 6 and 12 years with normal exfoliation and can then be studied histologically to demonstrate evidence of metabolic disturbances occurring during tooth development. As the chronology of disturbances can be assessed with reasonable accuracy, such studies provide a potentially valuable research tool.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oral rehabilitation in dentinogenesis imperfecta. Report of a case].

We present a case of Amelogenesis imperfecta associated with Dentinogenesis imperfecta, affecting the primary dentition which is rehabilitated under general anesthesia. Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a tooth abnormality which presents clinical, radiological and histological characteristics, they should be recognized by the dentist who will determine the treatment depending on age and grade of affection. In the primary dentition we recommend the use of stainless steel crowns do to it's resistance and easy adaptation which will remain in the mouth until it's normal exfoliation.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1997

Replantation of an inverted lower second premolar germ.

During the initial X-ray control of a 10-year-old female orthodontic patient, a late development and an inverted position of the lower left second premolar was seen. 4.3 years later the tooth with its follicle was replanted in the upright position, preserving the second deciduous molar; at that time the root development was at an early stage. At a follow-up control 4 years after the surgical procedure the replanted tooth had erupted and the sensibility response was normal. Its root, however, although completed, could not reach the length and especially the width (in the apical half) of the contralateral premolar. This relative reduction in width seems to follow a temporary thickening of that part of the root formed during the first period after replantation. The anamnestic data suggest that physiologic exfoliation of the deciduous molar took place.

Bicuspid↗