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After presenting the aetiopathogenetic, clinical, radiological and therapeutic aspects of cleidocranial dysostosis syndrome, a case is reported. The patient, a boy of 14, was the subject of examination since birth.
Symptoms of the primary teeth's reinclussion are presented as an example of the failure of the biological mechanism of teething. Ethiology and pathogenesis of these disturbances have not been explained yet. In this situation complete and systematic description of the symptoms divided into clinical, radiological and histological symptoms can make the comparison with similar nosological entity easier and can bring the solution of anomaly's pathogenesis closer.
This is a study of supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior area in children. More than 60,000 child patients were examined. The 842 supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior area, found in a total of 682 children, were analyzed clinically. The incidence of supernumerary teeth was 1.12%. The male-female ratio was 3 to 1. Supernumerary teeth found were single and multiple types, with a ratio of 3 to 1. The eruption direction was normal (51.2%), inverted (36.2%) or horizontal (7.6%). Approximately 65% were found impacted in the maxilla.
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Dental trauma can often be a factor in developing a malocclusion. Although the prevalence of severely affected permanent teeth following trauma to their predecessors is relatively low, each case may present a variety of sequelae. The purpose of the following report was to present the problems confronting the dentist when treating children after serious injury to their primary incisors. A brief summary of the sequelae of trauma to the primary dentition as found in a longitudinally followed sample, as well as in the representative case of a ten-year-old girl, are presented. The need for prolonged follow-up, originality in the solution, and a multidisciplinary treatment approach are stressed.
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Spacing or crowding of the teeth is measured and analyzed to assist in decisions regarding the maintenance of teeth in their existing positions or their movement to improved positions. Numerical guides always should incorporate a gray zone in which decisions cannot be made without additional information. In the stage of mixed dentition, estimates of the size of unerupted teeth are more accurate than estimates of future spacing or crowding because the perimeter of the arch does not diminish the same amount in all cases. Instead, it appears to be related to the amount of crowding in the mixed dentition. Determination of the amount of crowding or spacing must always be accompanied by consideration of molar, canine, and incisor relationships. In addition, the effect of the dentition on lip posture should also be evaluated.
Attention has been given to problems of eruption in the maxillary anterior region. It is a region where a variety of anomalies occur. Since the maxillary anterior region influences appearance so greatly, early detection of difficulties and careful planning and treatment can be extremely beneficial to patients.
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As to its course the Gardner syndrome is similar to a chronic disease and has the following symptoms: 1. Fibro-epithelial tumours of the skin with first symptoms in early childhood. 2. Osteomes, osteofibromas, desmoids mainly located in the cranial region. 3. Disturbances of the dental development in the form of tooth retentions, persistence of milk teeth and supernumerary tooth germs. 4. Intra- and retroperitoneal or intramesenteric fibromatoses which scarcely become clinically manifest. 5. Intestinal polyposis occurring in most cases only in the third decade of life. The tumours of the skin, of the connective tissue and of the bone are always benign, whereas the intestinal polypi show a considerable tendency toward malignant degeneration. For this reason, the prognosis of the Gardner syndrome must be considered unfavourable. On the basis of a case report, the clinical symptoms and findings in the maxillofacial region are outlined.