Acute tolerance to high-dose barbiturate treatment in patients with severe head injuries.
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Forty-four healthy dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy were anesthetized with halothane or isoflurane delivered with an in-circuit vaporizer with closed system flow rates or an out-of-circuit vaporizer with semi-closed system flow rates. When dogs were anesthetized with halothane, there were no differences in heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory rate, or lingual venous pH, PCO2, or PO2 during induction and maintenance. Lingual venous PO2 was significantly less but still within a clinically acceptable range when isoflurane was used in an in-circuit vaporizer. Recovery times tended to be longer with in-circuit vaporizers. The amount of anesthetic used was not affected by vaporizer location. In-circuit vaporizers were suitable for delivery of halothane or isoflurane to healthy dogs.
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Twenty-one horses undergoing clinical surgery and diagnostic procedures received 15% glyceryl guaiacolate followed by a rapid intravenous injection of a thiobarbiturate for induction of anaesthesia. Premedication was with atropine and acepromazine. Induction was smooth and free from problems apart from transient apnoea in some horses. Maintenance of anaesthesia was with oxygen and halothane administered by means of a closed circle system with soda-lime absorber and with the vaporiser out of circuit. During the period immediately following induction, the heart rate increased and the respiratory rate fell. Blood gas estimations were carried out on 6 horses during anaesthesia. These horses showed respiratory acidosis. Arterial blood oxygen tension values were above those reported in conscious horses. Use of glyceryl guaiacolate in this way provides a safe induction and enables transition to a stable maintenance period which is followed by a quiet and uneventful recovery.
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Internal fixation of radial and ulnar fractures in three goats was accomplished using bone plates. Intervals between the time of fracture and internal fixation varied from one to 13 days. The goats were ambulatory the day after surgery, and recoveries were uneventful.
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Quasi-static pressure-volume curves and single-breath nitrogen washouts were performed simultaneously on eight anesthetized horses (average body wt = 485 kg) in left lateral, right lateral, prone, and supine postures (sequence randomized). The shift from prone to lateral or supine posture decreased expiratory reserve volume (ERV), vital capacity (VC), residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC), and total lung capacity (TLC); RV and FRC expressed as %TLC were unchanged, suggesting that in the lateral and supine postures a significant portion of the lung volume was not recruited by VC maneuvers. Phase III slope increased from 0.13 %N2/l in prone horses to 0.34 %N2/l in the lateral and supine positions. The onset of phase IV was not significantly different from FRC in the prone or laterally recombent animal, but exceeded FRC in the supine horse. The sequence of body positions had no effect on any of our results indicating that all changes in lung volumes and regional asynchronous ventilation c;n be reversed by placing the horse in the prone posture. The reduction in lung volume and increased asynchronous ventilation in the lateral and supine horse suggests that impaired gas exchange in anesthetized horses is predominantly related to posture, and not general anesthesia.