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PubMed2005

RasA is required for Myxococcus xanthus development and social motility.

An insertion in the rasA gene entirely blocked developmental aggregation and sporulation in Myxococcus xanthus while also reducing swarm expansion on a 0.3% agar surface. Data presented here demonstrate that rasA is required for extracellular fibril formation and social gliding motility.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed2001

Social economic development in the prevention of global blindness.

AIMS: To assess the relation between a country's economic developmental status and its prevalence of blindness. METHODS: Available epidemiological data on worldwide visual loss and its causes compiled by the World Health Organization were reviewed. Findings were compared with economic development data from the involved countries and regions. Analysis was completed in view of the socioeconomic status of each country and region. RESULTS: Analysis of the global distribution of blindness indicates a trend of higher prevalence existing in developing countries with lower per capita income. Preventable causes of blindness (that is, cataract, trachoma) are also more prevalent in these countries. CONCLUSIONS: Because economic development is shown to be a factor in blindness, programmes for blindness prevention should not be the only route to the elimination of unnecessary blindness throughout the world. Concomitant economic development is also necessary to reduce and eventually eradicate much of the preventable and avoidable causes of blindness.

Blindness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Punctuating ideas on the methodological development of social representations in Brazilian researches].

This text proposes an alternative approach to the methodological discussions on the studies of social representation in the field of nursing, which are usually anchored in an opposition between quantitative and qualitative methods. It is argued that such an opposition is just an apparent one, since it is possible to observe similar results in studies conducted with different methods. With a basis on the thought of several authors in the field of social representations, the question is treated from the standpoint of the distinction between a processual and a structural approach to the phenomenon of social representation. It is proposed a taxonomy that, in departing from those perspectives, takes into consideration the data collection and data analysis implied techniques, as well as the plan of the representation to which the researcher wants to get access.

Brazil↗
PubMed1970

Development of social responses in two severely retarded children.

The effect of reinforcement dependent on the social responses of two severely retarded withdrawn children was investigated. During 30 training sessions (30 min each) food and praise were administered dependent upon the children's mutual participation in a ball-rolling and block-passing task. Both children showed a progressive increase in social interaction in a non-training situation during this reinforcement period. After the reinforcement procedures were removed, social behavior decreased markedly. Response generalization to children not involved in training occurred.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Improving the life-course development of socially disadvantaged mothers: a randomized trial of nurse home visitation.

We evaluated a comprehensive program of prenatal and postpartum nurse home visitation for socially disadvantaged women bearing first children. Eighty-five per cent of the participating women were either teenagers (less than 19 years at registration), unmarried, or of low socioeconomic status. Women were randomly assigned to either nurse home visitation or comparison services (free transportation for prenatal and well-child care and/or sensory and developmental screening for the child). During the first four years after delivery of their first child, in contrast to their counterparts in the comparison group, nurse-visited White women who had not graduated from high school when they registered in the study returned to school more rapidly; nurse-visited, poor, unmarried White women showed an 82 per cent increase in the number of months they were employed, had 43 per cent fewer subsequent pregnancies, and postponed the birth of second children an average of 12 months longer.

Appalachian Region↗
PubMed2001

Health concerns among India's elderly.

This article critically examines the health situation among elderly from two sets of independent sources. National Sample Survey in its 42 Round (July 1986-June 1987) canvassed a nationwide survey covering 50,000 households in 8312 villages and 4546 urban blocks in India to understand the socio-economic profile of aged persons. Secondly, an aging survey (1993) was conducted in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Gujarat, and Karnataka states in India by the authors to study the elderly life in terms of general feeling, living arrangements, living support, social security, health, nutrition, their involvement in social and religious matters, views of old age homes and particularly life preparatory measures. The survey is based on interviews with about 2,253 persons aged 60 years and above, of whom 1325 are males and 928 are females. In fact, this survey is a part of a larger study conducted for the Social Development Section, Economic and Social Commission for the Asia and Pacific (ESCAP), United Nations, Bangkok, along with four other South East Asian countries-China, Korea, Singapore, and Thailand. From the survey conducted by us, we report only the health aspects of the elderly in this paper. The last section examines the major cause of death among elderly as reported from the Model Registration System of the Registrar General of India and concludes with feasible policy prescriptions.

Aged↗