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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Ergot alkaloids in cereal products: results from the Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority.

The danger of ergot alkaloids has been well known for centuries. The origin and toxicology of these compounds have been clarified and flour mills assure us that they have mastered the problem technologically. Nevertheless, one can find food products with sometimes relatively high contents of these toxic alkaloids. Here we report on our experiences and results of an LC-MS/MS-method which we have developed to determine ergot alkaloids and which was applied to commercial products during the past two years.

Bread↗
PubMed2001

Effect of cernitin pollen-extract on experimental nonbacterial prostatitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: The treatment for chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (NBP) has not been established. Cernitin pollen-extract (CN-009) is reported to have therapeutic effects for NBP. The effects and mechanisms of CN-009 were investigated. METHODS: Ten-month-old rats were used with administration of estradiol after castration, which were similar to human NBP histologically. Since CN-009 consists of T-60 and GBX, these drugs were administered, respectively. The prostate was evaluated histopathologically including glandular damage (epithelial score), stromal ratio and immunohistochemical assays for epithelial function (PAP), stromal evaluation (Vimentin), cell proliferation (PCNA) and apoptosis (deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL)). RESULTS: Controls revealed severe acinar gland atrophy and stromal proliferation. CN-009 showed diminished these damages. Epithelial score was better (P < 0.01) and PAP positive materials were more abundant in CN-009 and GBX than in Controls. The stromal ratio was lower in CN-009 (P < 0.01) and T-60 (P < 0.05). There was no difference for PCNA positive cells in the epithelium and stroma, and TUNEL positive cells in epithelium. While, the number of TUNEL positive cells in the stroma of CN-009 and T-60 increased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CN-009 protects acinar epithelial cells mainly by GBX and also inhibits stromal proliferation in association with enhanced apoptosis mainly by T-60.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1995

Identification of a prostate inhibitory substance in a pollen extract.

Recently, much attention has focused on the treatment of BPH with the pollen extract, Cernilton. The present investigation was designed to identify the active component in this agent which might be responsible for the symptomatic relief of BPH as previously reported. Sequential purification of the active component present in the pollen extract was carried out by a combination of dialysis, gel filtration, and reverse phase chromatography. To monitor the biological activity of each of the purified fractions, a biological assay employing the human prostate cancer cell line DU145 was undertaken. While we have identified a number of constituent components in the pollen extract, only one fraction designated V-7 (FV-7) maintained a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of DU145 cells. The inhibition was time- and dose-dependent, and the concentrations of FV-7 required to reduce the cell numbers by 50% (IC50) after 2 days of exposure was 5 micrograms/ml. FV-7 was also inhibitory towards the primary culture of prostate stroma and epithelial cells, with the stroma/fibroblast showing greater sensitivity towards the HPLC-purified component. However, it should be noted that this inhibitory activity measured in the primary culture cells was only achieved at higher concentrations of FV-7. Preliminary characterization of the active ingredient identified FV-7 as DIBOA which is a cyclic hydroxamic acid. FV-7 and DIBOA induce similar inhibitory effects on the growth of DU145 cells.

Cell Division↗
PubMed2006

Mass spectral characterization of ergot alkaloids by electrospray ionization, hydrogen/deuterium exchange, and multiple stage mass spectrometry: Usefulness of precursor ion scan experiments.

Six ergot alkaloids belonging to the lysergic acid derivatives (ergonovine (EGN) and methysergide hydrogen maleinate (MHM)) and peptide-type derivatives (ergocristine (EGR), ergotamine (EGT), ergocornine (EGC) and alpha-ergokryptine (EGK)) were studied by positive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The fragmentation mechanisms of these compounds were studied by collision-induced dissociation (CID) using triple quadrupole and ion trap mass spectrometers, and the nature of the major product ions further confirmed by hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange experiments. A common abundant product ion at m/z 223 was characteristic of the two classes of ergot alkaloids. Therefore, a precursor ion scan of m/z 223 that triggers information data acquisition (IDA) in combination with CID experiments was used to identify other potential ergot alkaloids. Using this approach, it was possible to confirm the presence of ergosine, another peptide-type ergot alkaloid, in a rye flour extract at trace levels.

Deuterium↗
PubMed2000

Two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis as a tool to isolate genus- and species-specific repetitive DNA sequences.

Two-dimensional electrophoresis in agarose gels separates DNA-restriction fragments not only by molecular weight but also according to their AT-cluster content. The method produced genus-specific spot patterns of multicopy DNA fragments of grains as well as spot patterns of highly repetitive DNA fragments of ciliates, demonstrated for barley, spelt, and Tetrahymena. Further investigations in regard to their specificity by hybridization with three other grain species (wheat, oat, and rye) and three ciliate species (Tetrahymena thermophila, Tetrahymena pigmentosa, and Tetrahymena borealis) were performed. The DNA samples from spelt and Tetrahymena were demonstrated to be genus specific for Triticum and species specific for Tetrahymena pyriformis, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Nucleotide sequence of an abundant rice seed globulin: homology with the high molecular weight glutelins of wheat, rye and triticale.

A cDNA clone corresponding to a 19 kD salt-soluble globulin of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was isolated by screening a lambda gt11 expression library of endosperm mRNA with antibodies raised against the purified rice seed alpha-globulin. The cDNA contained a single large open reading frame encoding a putative globulin precursor of molecular weight of 21 kD. The polypeptide consists of 182 amino acids and is devoid of lysine residues. Computer analysis of the NH2-terminal sequence of the globulin precursor protein indicated the presence of an 18 amino acid signal peptide. Segments of the amino acid sequence of the rice globulin were homologous with sequences in high molecular weight glutelins of wheat. Antibodies specific for rice seed globulin also cross-reacted with seed proteins from wheat, rye and triticale.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Kinetic models as a route to control acrylamide formation in food.

A kinetic model for the formation of acrylamide in potato, rye and wheat products has been derived, and kinetic parameters calculated for potato by multi-response modeling of reducing sugar (glucose and fructose), amino acid, asparagine and acrylamide concentrations with time. The kinetic mechanism shares, with Maillard browning, a rate limiting (probably dicarbonylic) intermediate, and includes reaction steps of this intermediate which are competitive with respect to acrylamide formation. A pathway representing physical and/or chemical losses of acrylamide accounts for the measured reduction of acrylamide yield at long reaction times. A mechanistic hypothesis regarding the competing reactions of Strecker aldehyde formation and tautomerization followed by beta-elimination to give acrylamide, features in the kinetic model and can be used to determine the factors which steer the reaction towards acrylamide. A predictive application of this model is for 'what-if' experiments to explore the conditions which lead to reduced acrylamide yields.

Acrylamide↗
PubMed2005

The effect of cooking on acrylamide and its precursors in potato, wheat and rye.

The relationship between acrylamide and its precursors, namely free asparagine and reducing sugars, was studied in simple cakes made from potato flake, wholemeal wheat and wholemeal rye, cooked at 180 degrees C, from 5 to 60 min. Between 5 and 20 min, large losses of asparagine, water and total reducing sugars were accompanied by large increases in acrylamide, which maximized in all three products between 25 and 30 min, followed by a slow linear reduction. Acrylamide formation did not occur to any extent until the moisture contents of the cakes fell below 5%. A comparison of each type of cake with a commercial product, made from the same food material, showed that acrylamide levels in all three commercial products were well below the maximum levels in the cooked cakes.

Acrylamide↗
PubMed1993

A large DNA repeat of the dispersion pattern common to wheat and rye genomes.

A Hind III-generated fragment of wheat embryo nuclear DNA has been cloned and sequenced. The cloned fragment corresponds to a 1241 bp long, moderately repeated (60,000 copies/genome) segment of the genomic DNA. The repeat is AT-rich (67%), contains an open reading frame for 151 amino acids and several nucleotide blocks resembling the consensus domain of autonomously replicating sequences. Southern blot hybridization analyses indicate that the repeat is scattered through the wheat genome. A sequence homologous to this repeat occurs also in rye embryo nuclear DNA where it shows the same dispersion pattern as that observed for the wheat repeat.

Base Sequence↗