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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Characterization of rhoptry proteins of Eimeria tenella sporozoites: antigenic diversity of rhoptry epitopes within species of the genus Eimeria and among three asexual generations of a single species, E. tenella.

Rhoptry organelles from sporozoites of the apicomplexan parasite Eimeria tenella contain at least 60 independent polypeptides that can be resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Rhoptries from three species of Eimeria that infect chickens share very few antibody cross-reactive epitopes, and there is poor conservation of epitopes among three distinct asexual generations of zoites within the developmental life cycle of a single parasite, E. tenella.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Increased prevalence of class I integrons in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Enterobacter species isolates over a 7-year period in a German university hospital.

The prevalence of integrons in five enterobacterial species was analyzed in 900 blood culture isolates from 1993, 1996, and 1999. Remarkably, the prevalence increased from 4.7% in 1993 to 9.7% in 1996 and finally to 17.4% in 1999 (P < 0.01). Within 7 years the combined percentage of P1 strong promoters and P1 weak plus P2 active promoters with high transcription efficacies has increased from 23.1 to 33.3 and finally 60% (P < 0.05).

Blood↗
PubMed2001

Identification, classification, and phylogeny of the pathogenic species Exophiala jeanselmei and related species by mitochondrial cytochrome b gene analysis.

We analyzed a 402-bp sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 34 strains of Exophiala jeanselmei and 16 strains representing 12 related species. The strains of E. jeanselmei were classified into 20 DNA types and 17 amino acid types. The differences between these strains were found in 1 to 60 nucleotides and 1 to 17 amino acids. On the basis of the identities and similarities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, some strains were reidentified: i.e., two strains of E. jeanselmei var. hetermorpha and one strain of E. castellanii as E. dermatitidis (including the type strain), three strains of E. jeanselmei as E. jeanselmei var. lecanii-corni (including the type strain), three strains of E. jeanselmei as E. bergeri (including the type strain), seven strains of E. jeanselmei as E. pisciphila (including the type strain), seven strains of E. jeanselmei as E. jeanselmei var. jeanselmei (including the type strain), one strain of E. jeanselmei as Fonsecaea pedrosoi (including the type strain), and one strain of E. jeanselmei as E. spinifera (including the type strain). Some E. jeanselmei strains showed distinct nucleotide and amino acid sequences. The amino-acid-based UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with the arithmetic mean) tree exhibited nearly the same topology as those of the DNA-based trees obtained by neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods.

Cytochrome b Group↗
PubMed2005

In vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus species to itraconazole: global survey of 9,359 isolates tested by clinical and laboratory standards institute broth microdilution methods.

The in vitro activity of itraconazole was determined against 7,299 isolates of Candida spp., 1,615 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, and 445 isolates of Aspergillus spp. obtained from over 200 medical centers worldwide. Itraconazole was active against all Candida spp. (96% of MICs were < or =1 microg/ml) with the exception of C. glabrata (77% of MICs were < or =1 microg/ml). Itraconazole inhibited 94% of C. krusei and 84% of other fluconazole-resistant Candida species, exclusive of C. glabrata, at a MIC of < or =1 microg/ml. Itraconazole was not active against fluconazole-resistant isolates of C. glabrata. Only modest activity was seen against C. neoformans (80% of MICs were < or =1 microg/ml); however, itraconazole showed excellent activity against Aspergillus spp. (94% of MICs were < or =1 microg/ml). These results provide an update on the antifungal activity of itraconazole against major opportunistic fungal pathogens. In light of the new intravenous formulation of itraconazole these data suggest that this agent remains a viable systemically active antifungal agent.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2004

Interactions of Hylastes species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with Leptographium species associated with loblolly pine decline.

Hylastes spp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were evaluated as potential vectors of Leptographium spp. fungi. Bark beetles were trapped from stands ofloblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., exhibiting a range of decline symptoms in central Alabama. Under controlled conditions, field-collected adult Hylastes salebrosus Eichoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Hylastes tenuis Eichoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), which had been surface-sterilized and inoculated with Leptographium terebrantis Barras & Perry and Leptographium serpens (Goid.) Wingfield, transmitted the fungi into 100% of wounded and unwounded loblolly root sections with which they were confined. None of the sterilized and uninoculated beetles transmitted any Leptographium spp. to roots. Significantly more H. salebrosus and H. tenuis brood emerged from roots infected with Leptographium species than from sterile roots, indicating an enhancement of Hylastes reproduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae species, and Candida species and their relation to oral mucosal lesions in a group of 79-year-olds in Göteborg.

A subject sample comprising 100 persons (47 men and 53 women) 79 years of age and selected on a statistical basis (representing all persons of that age living in Göteborg) was the object of a general medical, clinical, and microbiologic study of the prevalence of microorganisms in the oral cavity known to cause opportunistic infections. A high prevalence of diseases and frequent medications were recorded among the participants. Staphylococcus aureus was present in five patients and Enterobacteriaceae species in only one individual. Candida albicans was not found in any samples from the palatal mucosa of the 25 individuals without dentures. Of 36 healthy denture wearers C. albicans was found in 9 (25%). In 39 persons with denture stomatitis C. albicans was obtained in 11 (28%) of the samples from the mucosa, 29 (74%) from the dentures, and 10 (26%) from the angulus oris. The prevalence of S. aureus, enteric rods, and C. albicans was low in the elderly population and, when present, correlated with the presence of dentures. No association with the patients' general health or drug use was obtained.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Application of Quantitative Theory I in commenting the relationship of forage species and weed species].

Quantitative Theory I was applied to evaluate the influence of managing measures on the relationship of pasture grass and weeds on two typical grasslands of south China. Grazing intensity and fertilizer dosage were the key factors affecting the dominance of pasture grass. The main weed species were E. odoratum, E. rubiginosum, H. perforata, I. anlindrica and E. annua. The suitable density of cattle was 1-4 cattle.hm-2, and the dosage of fertilizer application was 500-1000 kg.hm-2 for superphoshate, and 150-250 kg.hm-2 for KCl.

Ecosystem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bloodsucking mosquitoes on the irrigated lands of Kara-Kalpakia. I. The species composition and distribution of mass species].

Data on fauna of bloodsucking mosquitos (Culicidae), obtained during the survey in the irrigated part of Takhta-Kupyr District of Kara-Kalpakia in 1988-1989, are presented. The density of mosquito populations of mass species in different parts of the oasis is, to a great extent, caused by the presence of reservoirs of different types and also by the features of anthropogenic landscapes.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2004

[Variability of the mitochondrial gene for cytochrome oxidase I within the Adalia bipunctata species and within species of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)].

Intergeneric, interspecific, and intraspecific genetic variation of the 310-bp 3'-end region of the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) has been assessed in ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinnellidae). The phylogenetic distances between eight species of ladybirds have been determined. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) nucleotide sequences have been compared in Adalia bipunctata L. differing in the elytron and pronotum colors that have been sampled from several geographically remote populations. The taxonomic statuses of two morphs from the genus Adalia, A. bipunctata bipunctata and A. bipunctata fasciatopunctata, have been identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A laboratory study of the toxicity of the butanol extract of endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) on two species of freshwater fish and two species of aquatic snails.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the butanol extract of Endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) on 4 species of aquatic animals. Groups of 10 mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) and 8 bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were exposed to the butanol extract of Endod in 300 ml of water at concentrations of 0.0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2 or 2.0 ppm. Groups of 10 tropical snails (Biomphalaria glabrata) and 10 pond snails (Physa spp) were also exposed to the crude extract in 50 ml of water at concentrations of 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.2, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0 or 5.0 ppm. Following a 24-h exposure period, the test subjects were transferred to extract-free water and observed for an additional 24 h. The number of dead animals was determined after the total 48-h concentration was plotted on logarithmic (probit) graph paper and the concentration of Endod which killed 50% of the test subjects (LC50) was determined. The butanol extract of Endod was lethal to 50% of the fish and snails at relatively low concentrations (less than 3.0 ppm). The results also indicated that fish were approximately 2 to 4 times more sensitive to Endod than snails.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Eimeria species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) infecting Peromyscus rodents in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico with description of a new species.

Of 198 deermice (Peromyscus spp) collected from various localities in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, 106 (54%) had eimerian oocysts in their feces when examined. These included 50 of 106 (47%) Peromyscus truei, 34 of 54 (63%) Peromyscus maniculatus, 4 of 17 (24%) Peromyscus leucopus, and 18 of 21 (86%) Peromyscus eremicus. The following Eimeria were identified from infected mice: Eimeria arizonensis and Eimeria langebarteli from P. truei; E. arizonensis, Eimeria peromysci, and Eimeria delicata from P. maniculatus; E. arizonensis and Eimeria lachrymalis n. sp. from P. eremicus; and E. langebarteli from P. leucopus. Of the 106 Peromyscus found positive for Eimeria, 97 (91.5%) harbored only a single eimerian species at the time of examination. Sporulated oocysts of E. lachrymalis n. sp. were ellipsoid, 27-35 X 17-21 (30.8 +/- 1.7 X 19.1-0.9) micron, possessed a smooth wall and one polar granule, but lacked a micropyle and an oocyst residuum. Sporocysts were teardrop-shaped, 9-13 X 6-10 (10.9 +/- 0.9 X 7.9 +/- 0.5) micron, and had a Stieda body and sporocyst residuum, but no substieda body. Prepatent periods in experimental infections were 3-6 days after inoculation (DAI) for E. arizonensis (hosts: P. eremicus, P. maniculatus, P. truei); 4-5 DAI for E. peromysci (host: P. maniculatus); 6-9 DAI for E. langebarteli (hosts: P. truei, P. leucopus); and 8-10 DAI for E. lachrymalis (host: P. eremicus). Patency in these infections lasted 6-11 days for E. arizonensis, 5-10 days for E. peromysci, 14-40+ days for E. langebarteli, and 19-50+ days for E. lachrymalis. Eimeria lachrymalis appears to produce occult infections in P. eremicus that can be reactivated upon inoculation of the host with E. arizonensis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Six new species and males of some species of Japanese Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).

Culicoides (Avaritia) pastus sp.n., C.(A.) wadai sp.n., C. (Culicoides) cylindratus sp. n., C. (Oecacta) insularis sp.n., C. (O.) nunomemoguri sp.n. and C. (Trithecoides) longicercus sp.n. are described as new species. Hitherto unknown males of C. (C.) aterinervis, Tokunaga, C. (Beltanmyia) japonicus Arnaud, C. (O.) wakuensis McDonald, Bolinguit et Lu and C. (T.) matsuzawai Tokunaga are described and the male of C. (A.) jacobsoni Macfie is redescribed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Isolation of subpopulations of high density lipoproteins: three particle species containing apoE and two species devoid of apoE that have affinity for heparin.

We have isolated and partially characterized five populations of lipoproteins from the pool of immunoisolated apoA-I-containing lipoproteins obtained from normal human plasma. The first three populations, each containing apoA-I and apoE, were isolated completely by sequential, selected affinity immunosorption against apoA-I and apoE. The lipoproteins isolated by this strategy fall into three morphologic groups; there are discs (LP-AI-E(1)), small spherical lipoproteins (LP-AI-E(2)), and large spherical lipoproteins (LP-AI-E(3)). The LP-AI-E(2) species was sufficiently abundant for detailed characterization. They have slightly larger diameters, and contain more lipid than the bulk of apoA-I-containing lipoproteins and they contain apoA-II:E heterodimers and apoE homodimers. Core lipids are enriched in triglyceride relative to cholesteryl esters. These lipoproteins compete with LDL equally, on a protein mass basis, for binding to human fibroblasts. After removal of apoE-containing lipoproteins from the pool of apoA-I-containing lipoproteins, we discovered two additional subpopulations of lipoproteins that bind to heparin. These lipoproteins, devoid of apoE, occur as populations of small, (LP-AI-HB(1)), and large, spherical lipoproteins, (LP-AI-HB(2). The heparin-binding lipoproteins were separated by gel permeation chromatography. The LP-AI-HB(1) population was of sufficient quantity for detailed study. These lipoproteins also had larger diameters than the bulk of HDL but their core lipids were enriched in cholesteryl esters rather than triglycerides. Three proteins associated with these lipoproteins were found to bind to heparin-Sepharose in the absence of lipid. The approximate molecular weights of these proteins are 40, 70, and 90 kDa. The 70 kDa molecule was found to be the SP 40,40 protein (apoJ).

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1998

[Recombinational origin of natural transposable phages of related species belonging to group B3, active in Pseudomonas aeruginosa species].

A heteroduplex analysis of four related transposable phages--B3, PM57, PM62, and Hw12--of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa B3 group was performed. Heteroduplex structures, restriction maps, and data on DNA-DNA hybridization obtained upon hybridization of phage DNA restriction fragments with labeled probes representing different regions of the phage genomes are in good agreement. The data obtained strongly confirmed the recombinational origin of the analyzed phages. Thus, all natural transposable phages of P. aeruginosa, including phages from both group B3 and species D3112, were shown to have a recombinational origin.

DNA Transposable Elements↗
PubMed2006

Involvement of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in the wound response of Dasycladus vermicularis.

We investigated the signaling events involved in the wound response of the marine macroalga Dasycladus vermicularis, finding nitric oxide (NO) production in relation to injury. The addition of exogenous H2O2 to aliquots of injured algae accelerated the kinetics of NO production in the wounded region. Similarly, the addition of an NO donor caused an increase in detectable H2O2 around the site of injury. By wounding or incubating uninjured algae with an NO donor, peroxidase activity was enhanced. Based on the use of selected pharmacological probes, our results indicate that H2O2 production involves the upstream activation of signaling events similar to those observed in the physiology of higher plants.

Chlorophyta↗
PubMed1999

Structure of mouse calpastatin isoforms: implications of species-common and species-specific alternative splicing.

Mouse calpastatin cDNAs were cloned by the method of RT-PCR using RNA isolated from myoblast C2C12 cells. Nucleotide sequencing of the isolated clones revealed an in-frame ATG codon upstream of the previously assigned translation initiation methionine. Except for the N-terminal segment, the new translatable region (domain XL) was similar to the sequence of bovine calpastatin in which domain XL was first identified. Among the isolated mouse calpastatin cDNA clones, three isoforms (mCS-a, mCS-b, and mCS-c) were identified. In domain L, mCS-b had a deletion of the region corresponding to exon 3 of the human calpastatin gene. RT-PCR analyses of various mouse tissues revealed that mCS-b was the major form and that the content of mCS-a, nondeleted form, was 5-10% in tissues including skeletal muscle, liver, brain, etc. and about 30% in the myoblast C2C12 cells. Unlike human and rat cDNAs, no other deletions were detected in mouse calpastatin domain L. Isolation of the cDNA clone of mCS-c, which lacked regions corresponding to exons 3 and 12, was obtained by chance because its expression level was under the detectable level in the mouse tissues and even in C2C12 cells.

Alternative Splicing↗