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Results for “Reality Therapy”

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PubMed1995

The ideal of the anonymous analyst and the problem of self-disclosure.

The principle of analytic anonymity is critically reviewed. A connection between the technical stance of nondisclosure and idealization of the analyst is proposed. Some preliminary suggestions are offered concerning what kinds of information about the analyst are useful to communicate to a patient.

Defense Mechanisms↗
PubMed1995

Delusions in the transference. Psychotherapy with the paranoid patient.

This article has attempted to combine a theoretical and practical approach to the challenge presented in psychotherapy of paranoid and delusional patients. The essential ingredients of psychotherapy of non-psychotic patients--such as the frame, the therapeutic alliance, transference, countertransference, and interpretation--all play roles in the psychotherapy of paranoid, psychotic, delusional patients as well. Differences in defense mechanisms and dynamics and their working through, however, can make unfamiliar the factors that are basic to any psychotherapy. A familiarity with the unique problems of psychotic individuals in psychotherapy may help to make the work less bewildering and frightening, although no less challenging.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Objectivity and subjectivity of knowledge in nomological social sciences].

In this article the question is discussed in how far the processes of understanding in the nomological social sciences an "objectivication", which is demanded of psychoanalysts, can be used for psychoanalytically gained insights to human behavior. For one it is shown that it is impossible in principle to verify or falsify hypotheses within the nomologically oriented methodological self understanding. Furthermore the logical, empirical scientific process obligated to proving hypotheses is pursued in the perspective of a psychoanalytic social psychology and the thesis is developed that these insights, which are gained in nomological research projects are also always products of neurotic-blind interaction, so that nothing can be said of the value of knowledge gained in these research findings as long as the scientists do not clarify their research practice psychoanalytically.

Aggression↗
PubMed1994

[Approaches in the treatment of pathologic gambling].

In the treatment of pathological gambling the diagnosis, treatment of the accessory psychopathology and the somatic condition are important. Motivation training, behavioural and reality-oriented therapy, modification of the lifestyle relaxation techniques and yoga proved useful. There is also experience with dynamically oriented treatment techniques self-esteem reinforcement, training of social skills, strategies which promote impulse control, artetherapy, group therapy, provision of relevant information etc. Family therapy is important both for a pathological gambler and his/her relatives. Very important is contact with the family of the pathological gambler for his own treatment and with regard to the needs of his/her relatives. A therapeutic approach common abroad is participation in a self-help group, Gamblers Anonymous.

Compulsive Behavior↗
PubMed1993

Beneath the analytic surface: the analysand's theory of mind.

A growing body of research on the way children change their forms of thinking and views of the world from around the ages of 2 to 5 strongly suggests that something called a 'theory of mind' is acquired during this time which significantly affects the course of language acquisition, moral development, interactive problem-solving and other cognitive attributes. As we learn more about the adult varieties of this theory of mind we begin to realise their implications for psychoanalysis. This paper considers such issues as: what kind of theory of mind is assumed by our reliance on the Basic Rule? What kind of theory is required to understand the usual range of standard interventions? How can deficiencies in the analysand's theory of mind interfere with standard interpretations? As research on theory of mind makes us increasingly sensitive to the importance of different forms of thinking about thinking, we can apply many of these insights to common problems of psychoanalytic technique.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Knowing and not knowing massive psychic trauma: forms of traumatic memory.

It is in the nature of trauma to elude knowledge, both because of deficit and defence. Massive trauma cannot be grasped because there are neither words nor categories of thought adequate to its representation; knowledge of trauma is also fiercely defended against, as it poses a momentous threat to psychic integrity. Yet knowing nevertheless occurs on some level, often in restricted or defensive forms. This paper sets forth various forms of knowing and not knowing massive historical trauma as manifested in clinical symptomatology, transference phenomena, life themes and witnessing narratives. Metaphor is also mentioned as yet another form of knowing and addressing trauma, available primarily to those who have not been directly affected as victims nor as family members of victims. The different forms imply a continuum of progressively more integrated and subjectively owned levels of knowing, directly related to the actual and psychological distance from the traumatic event. Illustrations drawn from clinical and testimonial settings are given for each level of knowing described, and implications for therapeutic strategy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The bi-logic perception of time.

The problem of perception and conceptualisation of time in the unconscious and the conscious is seen in terms of Matte-Blanco's theories. In a short outline of his ideas, symmetrical and asymmetrical logic and his newer concept of 'bi-logic structures' are discussed. Clinical examples from the psychoanalysis of a patient with a time problem are presented to illustrate the hypothesis that a misperception and misconception of time lead in this case to obsessive-compulsive pathology. The clinical application of Matte-Blanco's postulations not only explains the psychopathology of the patient but also allows the formulation of a treatment strategy leading to a positive solution of the problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Personality death, object loss, and the uncanny.

The concept of uncanny anxiety can be distinguished from other clinical entities such as anxiety states, depression, or mourning. It has a special relevance to the impact of 'personality death' in which sudden dramatic alterations in psychological function occur. Clinical examples are presented from cases involving neurological trauma and its impact on the beholder. The uncanny experience is composed of, first, a perception that the object is familiar and unfamiliar in an intertwined way; and second, that the object is wooden and dead in a way that strains object constancy. Lastly, a sense of a double, of one person within another, develops in the observer. The uncanny sensation is viewed as a reaction to this doubling. It is a symptom that occurs in reply to the threatened emergence of the unconscious belief that there really are two people there. This belief would be a threat to the ego's soundness. Uncanniness rushes in to protect the ego from feeling attacked by something completely unreal.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Processes of interpretation in psychiatry].

This article discusses whether the concept, which has been developed by the American philosopher Nelson Goodman in his book "Ways of Worldmaking", ist transferable to the field of psychiatry. After a brief review of Goodman's philosophical position the author tries to apply these ideas to methodology, diagnosis and therapy in psychiatry.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

External reality: the elusive dimension of psychoanalysis.

Current psychoanalytic thinking reflects important differences concerning external reality. It is absent from the theories of the hermeneuticists, and it is excessively present in self psychology. Those treating victims of "real" trauma frequently believe that psychoanalysis is not appropriate for their patients. This has led to the unacceptable separation of individuals: those who are traumatized and those who are neurotic. I believe that a review of the role of external reality in psychic functioning is overdue, and the present work is an attempt to reassess our knowledge of this important dimension and to find its proper place in psychoanalysis.

Guilt↗