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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Strategies in the surgery choice in patients with hepato-pancreatic-duodenal-biliary diseases involving cardiovascular and respiratory system diseases].

Results of treatment of 38 patients, suffering nontumoral and tumoral diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone organs and concurrent diseases of cardiovascular and respiratory systems were analyzed. Septic-purulent affections, caused by the principal disease, had constituted the leading complication in occlusion-stenotic affection of cardiac coronary vessels. Due to the alternative absence the majority of the patients were operated on with lethal outcome. Basing on analysis of morphometric investigations of cardiac vessels there was suggested the expedience of coronarographic investigation conduction and, basing on its results, to perform preoperatively the balloon dilatation or stenting of cardiac coronary vessels, independently of kind of the main disease present. In presence of haemodynamically significant stenosis of the cardiac coronary vessels trunk and main branches (more than 70% of their lumen) the lethal outcome risk after performance of operative intervention is very high.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory system reactivity in young women athletes as effected by the ovarian menstrual cycle].

It is established that menstrual cycle influences the reactivity of the respiratory system. It is important to mark the changes during the menstrual cycle of sportswomen. Such observations can prevent the untimely and negative influence on the health during training. The days of menstrual cycle more or less favourable for the sports loading are marked. The parameters of cardiovascular system don't show common response to the hypercapnic test. Therefore, the parameters of hemodynamics cannot be used for predicting the physiologic status of sportswomen during menstrual cycle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Simulation of a biological oscillator: the respiratory system.

Several models of oscillators defined by a system of non-linear differential equations have been built which simulate quite well some entrainment characteristics of the respiratory system: the range of entrainment, positioning of the stimulus at entrainment and the variation of inspiratory duration with entrainment periods. The construction of the model has been guided by consideration of the isochron configuration and the phase response curve of the system, which may yield a good qualitative fit between simulation and experimental results.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Reference values for respiratory system impedance by using impulse oscillometry in children aged 2-11 years.

The forced oscillation technique makes it possible to evaluate the mechanical properties of the respiratory system with a minimum of cooperation. The method is therefore especially useful in children. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a commercially available version of this technique. There is, as yet, limited information on reference values for IOS in children. The aim of this study was to extend the reference values for IOS variables and to study their correlation with height, weight and age in healthy children. A sample (n = 360) of children (age 2.1-11.1 years) was measured by using impulse oscillometry (IOS; Jaeger, Würzburg, Germany). The sample was based on children attending kindergarten in Finland and children attending primary school in Sweden. Measurements of respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) at 5, 10, 15 and 20 Hz, total respiratory impedance (Zrs) and the resonance frequency (Fr) were made. All variables were related to body height. Most of them were also weakly related to weight. Reference equations for children (height 90-160 cm) are presented.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Design of the mammalian respiratory system. IX. Functional and structural limits for oxygen flow.

This paper presents the synthesis and interpretation of a series of correlated studies of the mammalian respiratory system--measurements of maximal rate of O2 consumption, the lung's diffusing capacity, the mitochondrial volume, and the capillary number and length in skeletal muscle. It discusses the results with respect to the principle of symmorphosis, i.e. of morphogenesis adapted to functional needs. We find that the accumulated evidence supports this principle at all organizational levels considered, although the models used for structure-function correlation need further refinement.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed2003

Early respiratory system mechanics and the prediction of chronic lung disease in ventilated preterm neonates requiring surfactant treatment.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the respiratory system compliance (Crs) and resistance (Rrs) measured before surfactant therapy to identify infants at risk for chronic lung disease (CLD). Measurements of Crs and Rrs were obtained on 44 ventilated neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) before and after surfactant therapy using the passive expiratory flow-volume method. It was found that in addition to a lower gestational age (GA) and a lower birth weight (BW), infants with CLD (n = 10) exhibited a lower Pa/AO(2) [Pa/AO(2) = PaO(2)/(PiO(2) - PaCO(2))] and higher Rrs before surfactant compared to the infants without CLD (n = 28). Improvement in gas exchange 18 h after surfactant was reduced in the CLD group. Finally, we concluded that a low GA (< 28 weeks), a low BW (< 942 g), a low Pa/AO(2) before and 18 h after surfactant or a high Rrs before surfactant (>0.21 cm H(2)O/ml/s) were associated with an increased risk of CLD.

Biological Products↗
PubMed1988

Hypovolemic shock resuscitation with hyperosmotic 7.5% NaCl: effects on respiratory system mechanics.

The infusion of the hypertonic 7.5% NaCl solution stimulates the afferent vagal innervation of the lungs. In order to verify if this reflex elicits any respiratory mechanical alterations, normovolemic (n = 18) and hypovolemic (n = 18) (20 ml of shed blood/kg) guinea pigs were studied. The animals were assigned to groups of nine receiving either isotonic 0.9% NaCl or hypertonic 7.5% NaCl solutions (4 ml/kg body weight). Passive respiratory system elastance (Ers) and the maximal value of the resistance (Rrsmax) were measured. The latter was further partitioned into its minimal value (Rrsu) using the constant flow inflation method. Ers, Rrsmax, Rrsmin, and Rrsu were measured before and at 0, 2, 5, 10, and 15 minutes following the infusion. The results showed that both isotonic and hypertonic solutions, at the given volume rate, caused no significant alterations of respiratory mechanics in normovolemic and hypovolemic animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Measurement of respiratory system resistance by forced oscillation in normal children: a comparison with spirometric values.

In 377 children, the commercially available Siregnost FD-5 was used to measure respiratory system resistance (Rrs) by forced oscillation at 10 Hz. The children were between 3 and 18 years of age and, by a detailed questionnaire and conventional pulmonary function testing in 335, they were shown to be representative of the normal pediatric population. There was a linear relationship between Rrs and height (Rrs = 13.9-0.064 x ht (cm), r = -0.87). Children less than 6 years of age had no trouble with using the forced oscillation technique. The smoking of tobacco in the house, the presence of carpets in the child's bedroom, or an atopic family history, alone or in combination, had no influence on Rrs or on any spirometric measure. Forced oscillation is useful in children too young to be able to cooperate with conventional pulmonary function testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of pathological changes in respiratory system of workers exposed to asbestos dust. Part I: Prevalence and dynamics of chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases.

In order to evaluate dynamics of pathological changes in the respiratory system in workers exposed to asbestos dust in the industrial plants of Gdańsk and Gdynia, after the first series of examinations conducted in 1981-1985 another series of repeated examinations of the same workers was carried out in 1986-1989, comprising 548 people, that is 80.5% of the total number of the workers previously examined. Their health deteriorated in 1986-89. The number of chronic nonspecific lung diseases (c.n.l.d.) diagnosed in them increased from 26.4% to 35%. The increased prevalence of these diseases was found to be related to their age, smoking habit and the period of their employment. A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of the c.n.l.d. was noted in the group of people who worked in these plants for 15-19 years. This increase was more marked in women than in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The visco-elastic behavior of the respiratory system during mechanical ventilation. Interpretation with the aid of a model].

The purpose of this review is to present an approach to the visco-elastic properties of the respiratory system in the mechanically ventilated patient through the method of occlusion of the airways at a constant inspiratory flow rate. The ideas of airways resistance, tissue resistance, static and dynamic elastance are defined from the theoretical point of view and also from the point of view of the occlusion method. A large part is given to the bicompartmental model describing the visco-elastic properties of the lung and of the thoracic wall. Recently carried out experimental studies both in healthy man and in disease have given results which seem to confirm the predictions made by this model. According to this system the lungs may be represented as a homogenous whole surrounded by visco-elastic components.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of the neonatal respiratory system.

The nursing process related to alteration in respiratory status provides a framework to review information about neonatal respiratory assessment. The information includes definitions of terms used to document nursing observations. Risk factors affecting an alteration in respiratory status are outlined and diseases associated with respiratory dysfunction, many unique to the neonate, are discussed including the pathophysiology and defining characteristics. Nursing diagnoses are briefly stated. Presentation of a case study demonstrates the nursing interventions based on on the assessments made on the infant with progressing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). An evaluation is made of the effect of nursing assessment on changing an infant's respiratory status. Keys to accurate nursing assessment of neonatal respiratory status are observation, recognition of contributory disease processes, and implementation and evaluation of appropriate nursing interventions.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[Diagnosis and epidemiology of respiratory system diseases due to plant dusts].

Of the respiratory tract diseases - byssinosis - i.e. the disease diagnosed in textile industry workers has aroused interest and controversies for many years. In Western Europe Countries the USA, Egypt and Pakistan this disease was diagnosed in more than half of the workers employed at cotton processing. Epidemiological data imply that in Eastern and Middle Europe few authors diagnose byssinosis in the population exposed to vegetable dusts. In the Soviet Union, the greatest cotton producer in the world, processing the greatest amounts of this raw material in the textile industry, medical examinations carried out in different centres did not show byssinosis symptoms in textile workers, that would apply to Schilling's criteria. Vegetable dusts inherent in agricultural and food industry largely promote the occurrence of nonspecific respiratory tract diseases. They are diagnosed as chronic bronchitis, which at "dusted" workstations are the mean cause of sickness absenteeism. The preventive activities aimed at the reduction of hazardous effects of dust upon organism would consist mostly in application of technical measures, i.e. technological processes hermetization and ventilation and only in scarce cases - in the use of good antidust personal protective measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Disodium cromoglycat (intal) in the treatment of allergic states of the respiratory system (author's transl)].

Disodium cromoglycate (Intal) has been found several years ago to act as an reliable drug in the treatment of allergic states of the respiratory system. The effective mechanism seems to be its stabilizing function for circulating and sessile mast cells, thus avoiding the release of histamine and other vasoactive amines after an immunological or non-immunological stimulus. Although DSCG does not inhibit the binding of antigen to its antibody it must be given prophylactically before the antigen has access to the mast cells. Most efficiently DSCG is used in the treatment of the exogenous allergic asthma, and secondly in allergic rhinitis (70-90% success). Own observations confirm the effectiveness of the drug especially in patients with pollinosis. In addition it was found that DSCG can be used during hyposensitization procedures and that the drug does not influence the results of skin testing. At present there have been detected neither side-effects nor interactions with other drugs.

Adult↗