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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Acquired tracheobronchial stenosis of the premature infant under artificial respiration. Value of bronchography and endoscopic balloon dilatation. Apropos of 7 cases].

The authors report about a series of 7 cases of acquired tracheobronchial stenosis in premature infants who were intubated as soon as they were born and ventilated. Two important points can be pointed out: the merits of bedside bronchography, which allows diagnosing the lesions, the merits of balloon dilatation during tracheobronchoscopy on the ENT operating theatre to treat the stenosis. This technique allowed improving ventilation and removing the tube in 6 of 7 cases.

Bronchography↗
PubMed1975

[Important physiological considerations in artificial respiration and reanimation of newborn infants].

The methods used for ventilation of the neonate shold be based upon consideration of the physiological changes which occure in the lungs and circulation at birth of the normal infant. Three important changes must be taken into consideration. The first is the formation of a residual volume of alveolar gas, the second the resorption of pulmonary fluid and the third a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance, upon which is dependent the change from foetal circulation to that of the neonate. To begin insufflation of foetal lungs it is necessary to use a pressure of between 20 and 30 cm H2O. After the first insufflation, a good deal of air remains in the lungs, even during expiration, as long as pulmonary "surfactant" is present. In the absence of the latter, residual pressure at the end of expiration is necessary in order to avoid the lung emptying itself of air. The resorption of pulmonary liquid from the alveolar spaces into the blood is dependent upon a change in the permeability of the alveolar epithelium, which renders possible the rapid passage of water via the channels which open, probably between the epithelial cells, and this change is dependent upon an expansion of the lungs by a pressure of between 35 and 40 cm H2O. Dilatation of the pulmonary vessels depends in part upon an increase in partial pressure of oxygen and a fall in carbon dioxide in the environment of the pulmonary arterioles, and in part upon mechanical changes brought about by the movements of ventilatation.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Approach to artificial respiration using differential ventilation in open thoracic surgery].

The purpose of our study was to correct the vertical ventilation perfusion anomaly in lateral position using a differential ventilation with the two identical electronic synchronized "Servo" ventilators, during the thoracotomy. Our study included 44 patients. The differential ventilation has been investigated on the two clinically standardized simplified models. In model 1 distribution of the ventilation volume dependent-independent lung was 50%/50% with a selective PEEP in the dependent lung of 10 cm/H2O. In model 2 distribution of ventilation volume dependent-independent lung of 70%/30% with selective PEEP in the dependent lung of 5 cm H2O. Statistical analysis of our results shows that if we use the differential ventilation model 2 during the thoracotomy we could obtain: a) the lowest values of the shunt in the group of pulmonary patients b) elimination of an appearance of a single critical values of the shunt and a low value of PaO2 in both groups of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Fresh gas flow and artificial respiration in anesthesia. Technical requirements for the adequate use of rebreathing systems].

The majority of modern anaesthetic machines is designed for the rebreathing method. But frequently high fresh gas flows are employed, thus minimising the rebreathing fraction of expiratory gases. However, only by reducing the fresh gas flow substantially, the advantages of the rebreathing technique can be obtained. To evaluate the practicability of flow reduction, minimal flow anaesthesia was carried out with four different anaesthetic machines: AV 1 (Drägerwerk AG, Lübeck), ELSA (Gambro Engström AB, Bromma, Sweden), SULLA 808 V (Drägerwerk AG, Lübeck) und VIVOLEC (Hoyer Medizintechnik, Bremen). Fresh gas flow was reduced to 0.5 l/min after an initial phase of 15-20 min, during which the fresh gas flow was kept at a high level of 4.4 l/min. The minute volumes before and after fresh gas flow reduction were compared. The minute volume decreased markedly and significantly in the SULLA 808 group, whereas it remained nearly unchanged in the AV 1, the ELSA, and the VIVOLEC groups. The differences result from different modes of fresh gas delivery into the breathing circuit. If anaesthetic apparatus that maintain their tidal volume with different fresh gas flow rates are employed, rebreathing systems may be used judiciously by changing the fresh gas flow according to the individual uptake or any particular clinical requirement.

Adult↗