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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The significance of testing for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in recreational seawater beaches.

The occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and faecal coliforms in Mediterranean sea water from beaches was investigated. Water samples (1,598 in toto) were tested and P. aeruginosa was found in 222 samples (14%). In 31% of samples where P. aeruginosa was detected, faecal coliforms of less than ten bacteria per 100 ml were found. In a group of 98 samples which had > 500 faecal coliforms per 100 ml, 41% had no detectable P. aeruginosa. The inclusion of P. aeruginosa as an additional parameter for approving beaches for recreational activity is recommended.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed2003

Application and refinement of the WHO risk framework for recreational waters in Sydney, Australia.

Local adaptation of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Farnham approach to managing pathogen risk in recreational waters was readily achieved given the extensive microbiological beach data for Sydney, and a clear understanding of applying the 'Annapolis Protocol' sanitary survey component to beach classification. Daily enterococci counts were predicted by rainfall (>10 mm in 24 h or >5 mm over 4-5 days), or by wind direction/speed, sunlight and tide during dry periods. Quantitative microbial risk assessment models (maximum risk exponential model for gastroenteritis and adenovirus exponential model for respiratory illness) fitted the United Kingdom epidemiological data and show potential for use. Flexibility in interpreting what is important for local conditions is essential, illustrated by replacing the general descriptions in the Farnham report with more ridged values for stormwater-impacted beaches. Hence, a user-friendly format for bather risk management, based on key environmental predictors of faecal pollution (such as rainfall, wind direction and tide) should largely replace the need for regular and costly microbiological testing; providing risk estimates in real time and allowing immediate control measures, such as signage or temporary beach closures. Ongoing testing resources should be directed to understanding the source(s) of faecal contamination, comparing enterococci/enteric virus survival under warm Australian conditions and spot checks for recalibration of environmental factors.

Calibration↗
PubMed2004

Physiologic profile of recreational male and female novice and experienced Tae Kwon Do practitioners.

AIM: Subjects, 28 recreational male and female novice and experienced Tae Kwon Do practitioners (age 19-42 years), were examined on 6 physiological parameters: body composition (BF%, skinfold measures), flexibility (sit-and-reach and leg-splits tests), lower and upper-body dynamic muscular strength (leg press and bench press), abdominal strength and endurance (1-minute timed, bent-knee sit-ups test), lower extremity explosive power (vertical jump-and-reach test), and cardiovascular endurance (graded exercise treadmill test). METHODS: Subjects were assigned to 1 of the 4 following groups: Tae Kwon Do experienced and trained men (MT), Tae Kwon Do experienced and trained women (FT), novice Tae Kwon Do men (MN), and novice Tae Kwon Do women (FN). RESULTS: Results of multiple testing procedures and comparison across groups indicated that Tae Kwon Do black belts were more athletically fit as compared with that of novice Tae Kwon Do practitioners of the same sex in spite of the fact that male and female black belts were older than their novice counterparts. Experienced Tae Kwon Do subjects were stronger as measured by lower body strength and showed better aerobic performance capacity as well as lower percent body fat. Additionally, MT subjects demonstrated higher flexibility. CONCLUSION: The highly diverse training, repeated and continuous use of the legs and arms alone or combined with maximal stretching, and high intensity exercise may account for observed differences among groups.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

Epidemiologic and environmental investigation of a recreational water outbreak caused by two genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in Ohio in 2000.

In August 2000, the Ohio Department of Health requested assistance to investigate a cryptosporidiosis outbreak with more than 700 clinical case-patients. An epidemiologic and environmental investigation was conducted. Stool specimens, pool water, and sand filter samples were analyzed. A community-based case-control study showed that the main risk factor was swimming in pool A (odds ratio [OR] = 42, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.3-144.9). This was supported by results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, which showed the presence of both the human and bovine genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in case-patients and samples from the filter of pool A. A pool-based case-control study indicated that the highest risk was related to exposure to pool water via the mouth (OR = 5.1, 95% CI = 2.1-12.5) or to pool sprinklers (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.3-4.7). Fecal accidents at the pool were documented. Records indicated that the pool met local health regulations. The outbreak, caused by co-infection with two C. parvum genotypes (human and bovine), underscores the need for concerted action to improve public health policies for recreational water facilities and enhanced education regarding the potential for disease transmission through pools.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Recreational music-making modulates the human stress response: a preliminary individualized gene expression strategy.

BACKGROUND: A central component of the complex human biological stress response is the modulation of the neuro-endocrine-immune system with its intricate feedback loops that support homeostatic regulation. Well-documented marked gene expression variability among human and animal subjects coupled with sample collection timing and delayed effects, as well as a host of molecular detection challenges renders the quest for deciphering the human biological stress response challenging from many perspectives. MATERIAL/METHODS: A novel Recreational Music-Making (RMM) program was used in combination with a new strategy for peripheral blood gene expression analysis to assess individualized genomic stress induction signatures. The expression of 45 immune response-related genes was determined using a multiplex preamplification step prior to conventional quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) mRNA analysis to characterize the multidimensional biological impact of a 2-phase controlled stress induction/amelioration experimental protocol in 32 randomly assigned individuals. RESULTS: In subjects performing the RMM activity following a 1-hour stress induction protocol, 19 out of 45 markers demonstrated reversal with significant (P = 0.05) Pearson correlations in contrast to 6 out of 45 markers in the resting control group and 0 out of 45 in the ongoing stressor group. CONCLUSIONS: The resultant amelioration of stress-induced genomic expression supports the underlying premise that RMM warrants additional consideration as a rational choice within our armamentarium of stress reduction strategies. Modulation of individualized genomic stress induction signatures in peripheral blood presents a new opportunity for elucidating the dynamics of the human stress response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Drownings at U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recreation facilities, 1986-1990.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, is the largest federal provider of water-based recreation facilities in the United States. Each year, the Corps records more than 2.3 billion visitor hours at its 460 lakes and reservoirs and estimates that 25 million persons visit one of its facilities at least once each year (1). Since 1986, the Corps has promoted water safety through educational campaigns at its facilities nationwide. The Corps, in collaboration with CDC, reviewed information about drownings and water-safety activities for 1986 through 1990 to assist in improving its water-safety programs. This report summarizes the assessment and describes water-safety measures the Corps is implementing to prevent drownings and other injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Correlations between VO2max and performance times of recreational triathletes.

Twenty-three recreational triathletes, 16 male and 7 female (mean = 21.7 yrs), performed max tethered swim (TS), cycle ergometer (CE), and treadmill run (TR) tests prior to participation in a competitive triathlon (0.91 km swim, 40 km cycle, 10 km run). The VO2max values on the TS, CE and TR were similar to those reported for trained athletes in each sport. As a group, cycling times were significantly correlated to both absolute (p less than 0.01) and relative (p less than 0.001) cycling VO2max (r = -0.57 and r = -0.78, respectively); running times significantly correlated with relative (p less than 0.001, r = -0.84) but not absolute (p greater than 0.05) running VO2max; and swimming times significantly correlated with absolute (p less than 0.01, r = -0.49) but not relative (p greater than 0.05) swimming VO2max. With the exception of absolute swim VO2max, the total performance times were significantly correlated to all VO2max values when expressed in both absolute and relative values. This study indicates the important role a moderately trained individual's aerobic power has in determining performances in endurance events such as the triathlon.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

UV-A absorbing characteristics of commercial sunglasses intended for recreational and general use.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is known to cause photokeratitis with acute symptoms. It also has been demonstrated that UVR has the potential to accelerate human cataractogenesis. For certain recreational pursuits, protection from specific UVR wavebands is important to the prescriber, the dispenser, and the patient or consumer of sunglasses. By knowing the ultraviolet absorbance characteristics of lens materials, practitioners would be able to advise their patients. In this study, the UV-A spectra of pairs of sunglasses purchased anonymously were measured. The results indicate that manufacturers' claims of UVR protection, or absorbance, are valid with respect to the UV-A waveband. No association between UV-A absorbance and lens material or cost was established.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

New developments in recreational prostheses and adaptive devices for the amputee.

Regardless of age, conventional prostheses and traditional rehabilitation programs no longer meet the needs and expectations of active amputees. The emphasis on fitness, the availability of stronger and lighter materials, and strong consumer demand have led to plethora of new prosthetic designs by progressive prosthetists and engineers. Prosthetic training techniques now take into account the amputee's recreational and sports needs and desires, using advanced athletic training concepts to achieve superior performance in a wide variety of activities. The surgeon, as a key member of the amputee team, should be aware of these profound changes so that they may contribute his or her skill in surgically crafting an optimally functional residual limb. This will allow the amputee to reach for the maximum in cardiopulmonary fitness while achieving social reintegration after amputation. The combination of skills, concepts, and techniques of the amputation surgeon, prosthetist, and therapist/trainer has led to a unique situation, in which for the first time, amputees are able to successfully compete in sports because of their prostheses, rather than in spite of them.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1989

Medical problems of recreational diving.

The commonly encountered clinical disorders including emergencies confronting the recreational diver are described in this article. The quality of early management critically alters the outcome and with appropriate treatment complete recovery is possible. Serious disability and death can result from inadequate care before the patient reaches hospital.

Decompression Sickness↗
PubMed1987

Injuries and deaths associated with off-road recreational vehicles among children in Manitoba.

Injuries and deaths associated with off-road recreational vehicles are of increasing concern in North America. We reviewed all hospital admissions and deaths attributed to these vehicles in Manitoba from April 1979 to April 1985 among children 16 years of age or younger. Of the 693 hospital admissions and deaths 480 were associated with motorbikes, snowmobiles or all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). The incidence of injuries resulting from snowmobile and dirtbike accidents remained stable over the study period; however, there was an almost exponential increase in the number of admissions because of ATV-related injuries. There were 21 deaths during the study period. Preventive measures through legislation are necessary to reduce the numbers of injuries and deaths; these include mandatory registration, licensing and enhanced safety regulations.

Accidents↗
PubMed1981

Sport and recreation for the severely disabled.

A classification of sport and recreation and an explanation of the term "severely" disabled are given, as well as the physical, psychological, social and work attributes of sport and the problems experienced by the disabled in these areas. The relevance and importance of occupational therapy in this field are briefly discussed and the article concludes with an introduction to the SA Sports Association for the physically disabled. A list of recognized competitive sports for the various groups and an address list for the use of medical practitioners and allied professions is given.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1983

Death in sports and recreation.

In a 10 year survey of deaths during sports and recreation, 110 deaths occurred and 80% of these were due to unnatural causes, the majority being drowning. Twenty-two cases were due to natural causes mainly due to failure of the circulatory system. The mechanism of death was briefly discussed and it was deemed advisable for those who are going to undertake a training programme in running or athletics to have a medical examination. This is especially important if one is over 30 years of age and have family history of heart disease and high blood pressure and those who led a sedentary life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Self-charting for patients in recreation therapy.

Recently, the Ingleside Recreation Therapy department instituted a method of self-charting with thirty-nine adolescent inpatients in which both the patient and the therapist chart the patient's behavior in activities daily. The patient reads the therapist's chart note and may respond in any way he desires. The primary purpose of self-charting was to explore the possibility of establishing ongoing treatment goals with input from both the patient and the therapist, and of increasing communication and understanding between the two. Oftentimes, this did occur especially with distrustful or angry patients. Other results noted included the expression of a variety of feelings and the establishment of treatment goals by the patient--either on his own or in response to the therapist's written expectations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human cercariasis caused by schistosomatid larvae from aquatic birds in the Narochanka River recreational area of Byelarus].

The reasons of the dramatically aggravated cercarial situation were examined in the Naroch Lake area (Minsk Province, Byelorussia). The incidence of infection with cercariae of the family Schistosomatidae trematodes in 8 mollusk species of the genera Lymnaea, Planorbarius, Planorbis, Anisus which were nonuniformly distributed in the upper littoral were studied. The snails form mosaic congestions of various density (from solitary individuals in a 50-100 m2 area to hundreds per m2), which is associated with the nature of aquaphytocenoses and the degree of plant overgrowth. The snails infected with Trichobilharzia ocellata and Bilharziella polonica cercariae accounted for 18.8%. Schistosoma cercariae affected L. stagnalis, L. ovata, and L.p. corvus to the greatest extent. The proportion of ducks (Anas platyrhyncha) infected with the two Schistosomatidae is 30.0% in the area in question with the average infestation rate of as many as 20 trematodes of both sexes per duck. High-risk areas for human infestation (with the number of Schistosoma cercariae exceeding 10 larvae in 10 liters of water) were recorded in the upper littorals in the beach zones of all recreation institutions such as sanatoria, rest homes, camping, etc.). The fact that Schistosoma cercariae can be active in attacking man under the conditions of the Naroch Lake littoral was verified by the self-infestation of one of the authors (S.A. Be'er). Schistosome dermatitis showing its typical clinical manifestations developed after 120-130 cercariae had penetrated into the arms and legs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Opportunistic bacteria in the seawater of recreational areas].

In the coastal water of several seas lying in different climatic zones the content of such opportunistic bacteria as Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined. Correlative relationships between Klebsiella, P. aeruginosa, lactose-positive Escherichia coli, fecal E. coli, enterococci and salmonellae were revealed. On the basis of these relationships the conclusion on the possibility of using lactose-positive E. coli as indicator of Klebsiella content in sea water was made. The levels of Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the sea water of recreational zones, meeting the current norms for lactose-positive E. coli, did not reach levels, dangerous with respect to infective doses, if these bacteria were regarded as opportunistic.

Climate↗