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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Experimental studies of the sterilization of transplantation material with peracetic acid].

Experimental investigations for sterilization of prepared transplantation material without aseptic conditions were carried out with peracetic acid of different aqueous and alcoholic dilutions. This chemical germicide is qualified yet for the sterilization of tendinous tissue but not for bone tissue (spongiosa and compact substance). The different cellular structures of the test objects condition this behaviour likely. Peracetic acid is consequently no substitute for beta-propiolactone as germicide in a tissue bank which preserves various tissues (above all also bone) for transplantation.

Acetates↗
PubMed1980

Pre-exposure prophylaxis of humans against rabies: I. Studies on personnel at the Burma Pharmaceutical Industry.

This is the first time in Burma where personnel at risk against rabies have been pre-immunized and the effectiveness of such a procedure has been studied for nearly two years. The first batch of lyophilized, Semple-type, beta propiolactone inactivated anti rabies vaccine produced by the Burma Pharmaceutical Industry (B.P.I.) was used to immunize 55 B.P.I. workers previously unexposed to rabies and with no history of rabies vaccination. Three doses of 0.25 ml of the vaccine were given intradermally at one week intervals. Booster doses were given on the 98th, 392nd and 592nd day after the first dose. Blood samples were taken and serum neutralization tests were performed at varying time intervals after basic immunization and booster doses. Satisfactory antibody responses were obtained. The course of immunological response is presented and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of human immunization with a new rabies vaccine containing no neuroallergenic brain tissue factor].

Immunization with a vaccine prepared from sheep-brain-grown fixed rabies virus inactivated with beta-propiolactone was given to 146 subjects. The vaccine was by 80-90% purified from waste brain tissue substances (protein content less than 2 mg/ml) and showed no neuroallergenicity in guinea pig tests. Simultaneously 86 subjects were vaccinated with commercial Fermi vaccine. Immunization was performed according to the schedules accepted in the USSR. The new vaccine produced much fewer local reactions than Fermi vaccine (in 39.6% and 60.9% vaccinees, respectively) and 5 times as few systemic reactions (in 6.03% and 31.3% vaccinees, respectively). The antigenic potency of the new vaccine was as good as that of Fermi vaccine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of in vitro behaviour and in vivo efficacy of two 7S-immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use.

Two intravenous 7S-immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations, beta-propiolactone(beta-PL)-treated (Intraglobin) and hydrochloric acid/pepsin-treated, were tested for their in vitro behaviour in haemagglutination, anticomplementary activity and binding to SPA-sepharose. These results were compared with the efficacy of these preparations in vivo, using mouse protection tests with Salmonella and Pseudomonas as a challenge. In spite of marked differences in the in vitro behaviour, both preparations showed almost the same efficacy in vivo. These results indicate that in vitro findings do not allow predictions of the in vivo efficacy of intravenous IgG preparations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of inactivated Mycoplasma gallisepticum oil-emulsion bacterins for protection against airsacculitis in broilers.

Broiler chicks were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck at various ages with a single 0.5-ml dose of beta-propiolactone-inactivated Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) oil-emulsion bacterin. Four weeks later, vaccinated and control chicks were placed in cold environmental cabinets, infected with infectious bronchitis virus intratracheally, and 2 days later challenged by aerosol exposure to live MG broth culture. All chicks were killed 21 days later and scored postmortem for the rate and severity of airsacculitis produced in each group. Broiler chicks vaccinated at 1 day of age had only slight protection against the development of airsacculitis. Results were variable when chicks were vaccinated at 7 days of age, with little evidence of resistance to airsacculitis. However, when broiler chicks were vaccinated with MG bacterins at 11 to 15 days of age, they acquired significant protection against airsacculitis compared with controls. Viable MG organisms were readily isolated from most of the sampled tracheas and air-sac lesions cultured 21 days post-challenge, indicating a lack of protection against infection of the respiratory tract. MG-vaccinated chicks generally produced antibodies readily detectable by the rapid serum-plate test, tube-agglutination, and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests. Some of the vaccinated chicks, but none of the unvaccinated control chicks, developed positive reactions to agar-gel-precipitin tests following challenge. Low HI titers at challenge were not necessarily indicative of lack of protection against the development of airsacculitis, since good protection was often observed in chickens with low to moderate HI titers.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutation and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster V79 cells with forty chemical and physical agents.

The induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and mutation at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus and toxicities of 40 different chemical and physical agents were examined on Chinese hamster V79 cells. These agents included mono-, di-, tri-, and polyfunctional alkylating agents, intercalators, gamma-rays, and UV light irradiation. Mutation was measured as resistance to 6-thioguanine and toxicity as loss of cell-plating efficiency. SCE were examined 29 hr after treatment. With the agents examined, a highly positive correlation (r = 0.89) existed between SCE-inducing and mutagenic potencies, when expressed as increase in the number per a unit dose over the control values. But the great difference of the ratios of mutagenic potencies versus SCE-inducing potencies among agents was observed, the maximal difference in the ratios being about 200-fold. The agents that showed the higher values of the ratio (agents producing more mutations than SCE) were bleomycin, cobalt-60 gamma-rays, all ethylating agents (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethyl methanesulfonate, and diethylsulfate), N-propyl-N-nitrosourea, N-butyl-N-nitrosourea, isopropyl methanesulfonate, intercalating acridine compounds (2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-[3-(ethyl-2-chloroethyl)aminopropylamino]-acridine X 2HCl and 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-[3-(chloroethyl)-aminopropylamino]acridine 2HCl) and UV light at 254 nm. The agents that showed the lower values (agents producing more SCE than mutations) were platinum compounds (cis-diamminedichloro-platinum and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum), epoxides (epichlorohydrin, styrene oxide, and diepoxybutane) and aziridines (mitomycin C, decarbamoyl mitomycin C, tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide, triethylenemelamine, and carboquone). The agents that showed the intermediate values included all methylating agents (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, methyl methanesulfonate, and dimethyl sulfate), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethyleneimine, beta-propiolactone, treatment of 8-methoxypsoralen plus near-UV light irradiation at 352 nm, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, quinacrine mustard, sodium sorbate, cigarette tar, and diesel tar. For most agents that induced SCE, the toxicity dependency of induced SCE was rather biphasic; increase in SCE was steep at low to moderate toxicity and less at moderate to high toxicity. At equitoxic doses, the agents showed great difference in induction of SCE.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Studies on the usefulness of different disinfectants for the aerosol disinfection of surfaces (author's transl)].

In a glove-box made of stainless steel germ-carriers of lime-wood and aluminium were layed out after having been contaminated with different vegetative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis). Disinfectant aerosols of several germicidal substances belonging to different chemical groups were brought into the glove-box. The aerosol was produced by a commercial generator. The following substances proved to have a good disinfectant effect under the conditions used: hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, formaldehyde, glutardialdehyde, beta-propiolacton, Lysoformin resp. Lysoformin 2000 and Tegodor 73, whereas triethylenglycol, phenol-derivatives (Gevisol, Environ), Chloramine 80 and detergents were not able to kill all the bacteria on the germ-carriers within 2 h. Determination of the natural mortality rate showed, that at relative humidities of over 58% the test bacteria die within 72 h on the germ-carriers without presence of disinfectants. At a relative humidity of 77%, Staphylococcus aureus on wooden germ-carriers died within 24 h.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1978

Human rabies immunoprophylaxis using HDC (MRC-5) vaccine.

In a field trial 181 high risk persons of both sexes between ages of 2--71 years were prophylactically vaccinated against rabies with the beta-propiolactone inactivated rabies-vaccine (hdc) mrc-5. 1 ml of vaccine was administered intramuscularly on days 0, 7 and 21. Serum samples were collected on days 0, 7, 21 and 35. Neutralizing antibody titers against the rabies virus were determined in the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test, 7 days after the first injection measurable titers of antibodies were found in all sera with one exception. On day 21 all persons showed a 100% seroconversion with a mean titer of 1:1000 (8,3 IU/ml). On day 35 the final mean titer measured 1:2400 (20 IU/ml). Major side effects during the prophylactic vaccination were not observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Standardization of methods used for testing the safety of tissue culture rabies vaccines.

Tissue culture rabies vaccines are essentially new preparations intended for prophylaxis and treatment of rabies. However, the methods used for their testing are mostly the same as those used for rabies vaccines prepared from brain tissue. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop and standardize methods for testing tissue culture rabies vaccines. The main criteria for the evaluation of Vnukovo-32 production strain have been formulated. The strain has been characterized in pathomorphological studies; the degree and nature of lesions produced in animal brain tissue by various doses of antigen and different routes of inoculation have been determined. In order to ensure the specific innocuity of rabies vaccines inactivated preparations are produced. However, with the current methods of inactivation (treatment with beta-propiolactone or phenol, ultraviolet irradiation and others) some viral particles may occasionally remain active. Besides, reparative processes may possibly occur in utraviolet-irradiated viruses. The penetration of even sublethal doses of live virus into the body is highly undesirable, since under certain conditions the long-term harbouring of the live viral particle may result in the development of various pathological conditions. In order to reveal minimum amounts of live virus in the preparation a method of additional passages in a susceptible cell system using the fluorescent antibody technique has been developed. By this method it has been possible to detect the presence of live virus in 10 out of 51 lots of vaccine under test.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Fractionation of cold-sterilized plasma. A new concept in production of non-infectious plasma proteins.

The hepatitis risk of protein fractions derived from pooled human plasma is eliminated by beta-propiolactone treatment and UV irradiation. The combination of this sterilization procedure with an adsorption and elution procedure leads to coagulation factor concentrates such as fibrinogen, factor VIII and factor IX concentrate and a stabilized serum preparation for intravenous use. This technology is carried out mostly at room temperature, without alcohol and minimum pollution. It seems, especially for developing countries, an attractive alternative to the widely used alcohol fractionation.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1982

Activity and storage stability of proteins in a hepatitis-free human serum preparation.

The activity of certain selected serum proteins was investigated in Biseko, a product prepared from beta-propiolactone/UV treated, pooled human plasma. It was shown that the biological activity of the immunoglobulins, transport proteins and inhibitor proteins was not affected by the manufacturing process. With the exception of alpha 1-antitrypsin and coeruloplasmin, the biological activity of the proteins studied proved to be preserved on storage at 37 degrees C.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1982

[Aerosol disinfection of airborne bacteria-investigations with the microthread technique (author's transl)].

Investigations were performed in order to examine the microthread technique for its usefulness for testing the efficacy of aerosolized disinfectants to bacteria in a simulated airborne state. In this technique fine spider threads are wound on a metal frame. The test bacteria are captured on these threads and can so be exposed to the disinfectant aerosoles. Under the used conditions all the tested disinfectants (formaldehyde, glutardialdehyde, beta-propiolactone, peracetic acid, Tegodor 73 and Lysoformin) had a good disinfectant effect. The disinfectants were used in concentrations which had proven to be necessary for the disinfection of surfaces. The handling of the spiders, the performance of the tests and the applicability of the method are discussed.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1981

[Cerebrospinal fluid passage of therapeutic immunoglobulins of the IgG class in infectious inflammatory disease of the CNS].

Immunoglobulins are often used as an optimizing therapy in cases of infectious diseases of the central nervous system. To clarify the question of whether or not an intravenously administered compound of the IgG class is able to penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid barrier despite its high molecular weight, 12 anti-HBs negative patients received 20 ml each of a beta-Propiolacton treated IgG compound with a high anti-HBs titre (1 : 115 000) used as a marker. Four patients having an inconspicuous fluid condition were consulted for control. Five patients were suffering from slight disturbances and three other patients had severe disorders of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function resulting from inflammatory diseases of the central nervous systems. Cerebrospinal fluid was produced by way of lumbar puncture resp. drainage for the determination of anti-HBs. Simultaneously, the concentration of antibodies in serum was determined. In all patients having barrier disturbances, anti-HBs was evident in the cerebrospinal fluid, the transfer of intravenously administered immunoglobulins to cerebrospinal fluid increasing in correlation with the degree of the barrier disorder. The therapeutical importance of immunoglobulin therapy in treating infections of the central nervous system is pointed out.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Development of inactivated vaccine for Akabane disease.

Virus inactivated by formalin or beta-propiolactone was superior to that inactivated by ether and heating in immunogenicity to mice. There were no significant differences in the antibody response of mice among such adjuvants as aluminum phosphate gel, aluminum hydroxide gel, and sodium arginate gel. When cattle were immunized with vaccine inactivated by formalin and adsorbed to aluminum phosphate gel, an excellent effect was obtained by injection with two doses of 3 ml each given at a 4-week interval. It was also suggested that mice and guinea pigs might be available for the potency test of vaccine. When calves and pregnant goats were injected with vaccine in the same manner as mentioned above, they were prevented from viremia and fetal infection caused by challenge virus. Even when stored at 4 degrees C for 12 months, vaccine was found to retain its stabilized immunogenicity. When pregnant cows were injected with vaccine in the field, the positive rate of neutralizing antibody was 88.5% in the 2 months after the first injection. When other pregnant cows were injected twice with vaccine, this rate was 34.6, 100, 65.4, and 45.8% in the 1, 2, 6, and 10 months, respectively, after the first injection. In another experiment, the antibody levels attained declined rather rapidly in several months. A single dose of vaccine given one year later provoked a rapid antibody response. The vaccination caused no clinical symptoms, abnormal birth, or decrease in milk yield in these cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Production and antigenic effect of experimental sheep adenovirus vaccines.

Adenovirus vaccines inactivated and adsorbed with different methods were prepared for the specific control of pneumoenteritis of lambs. Beta-propiolactone and formalin as inactivating agents and aluminium hydroxide gel and DEAE dextran as adjuvants were compared. Vaccines inactivated and adsorbed in different ways provoked practically the same immunological response. Seronegative lambs developed a higher level of antibodies after the administration of monovalent vaccines, than in the case of a bivalent one. It is concluded that inactivated and adsorbed adenovirus vaccines provoke a significant production of antibodies in sheep.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against the gp46 of human T-cell leukemia virus type I.

Essential HTLV-I biological functions depend on the structural motives of the surface glycoprotein (gp46). Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated in order to identify functional regions of gp46. We obtained three monoclonal antibodies (3F3F10, 4F5F6 and 7G5D8) by immunizing Balb/c mice with beta-propiolactone inactivated HTLV-I producing cells and partially purified gp46. The mAbs are of the IgG 1 subclass. They have been characterized by western blot analysis, reactivity with HTLV-I and HTLV-II producing cells and ELISA binding assays using synthetic peptides. The immunoblot analysis performed with sheets prepared with the virus released by HUT 102 and 2060 cells (an HTLV-I virus producing cell line established in our laboratory) indicate that the three mAbs recognize a 46 kDa product as did the anti -gp46 mAb 0.5 alpha (18). Reactivity of the three mAbs with various cell lines was examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The mAb 7G5D8 stained strongly the membrane of all HTLV-I producing cells (MT2, C91/PL, HUT102 and cells of seven lines established in our laboratory and by A. Gessain); uninfected lymphoid cells (HSB-2, MOLT 4, CEM and PHA activated lymphocytes from normal donors) were negative. Interestingly cells of a HTLV-II producing line (344 MO) were positive. The mAbs 3F3F10 and 4F5F6 reacted with the same cells as did 7G5D8 but the fluorescence intensity was much lower than that observed with this later. A long synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunodominant region of the gp46 defined by the amino acids 175-199 and 10-mer peptides overlapping this region were used in an approach to identify the recognized epitope(s). The long 175-199 peptide was recognized by the three mAbs. 3F3F10 and 4F5F6 recognized none of the 10-mer peptides whereas 7G5D8 bound to 186-195 and 182-191 peptides. In addition 7G5D8 did not inhibit either syncytia formation or virus infection. In view of the data concerning the previously described mAbs 0.5 alpha, LAT 27 (5) and KE36-11 (6), our results suggest that the epitope recognized by 7G5D8 is different from those recognized by the former ones. As the 183-191 sequence corresponds to a region in which HTLV-I and HTLV-II harbour six common amino acids and two similar ones, this is consistent with the observation that 7G5D8 stained the HTLV-II producing cells 344 MO as well as all HTLV-I producing ones. Altogether our data support the hypothesis whereby this epitope recognized by 7G5D8 is contained within a sequence defined by amino acids 183-191.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of the radiochemical behaviour and biological efficacy of three 99mTc-HIG preparations.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the different methodologies used for human polyclonal immunoglobulin (HIG) preparation can affect the radiochemical purity of 99mTc-HIG and its binding affinity to infection sites. Three intravenous immunoglobulin preparations, beta-propiolactone treated, hydrochloric acid/pepsin treated, and an unmodified HIG molecule were studied. The HIG preparations were analysed by size-esclusion HPLC. The UV chromatogram profiles obtained showed some percentage of polymeric and dimeric fractions in all of them. The three HIG studied were directly radiolabelled via 2-mercaptoethanol reduction. Lyophilized kits containing 1 mg of HIG and a small amount of MDP(Sn) solution were prepared and then radiolabelled by adding pertechnetate-99m. The radiolabelled products, evaluated by ITLC, showed high radiochemical purity and in vitro stability. Biodistribution studies were performed in mice with an infection in the right thigh induced by the im administration of a single isolate of S. aureus, in order to compare the ability of 99mTc-HIG to detect an infectious focus. This study suggests that any damage during immunoglobulin treatment can influence the in vivo behaviour of 99mTc-HIG.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia: the effects of various intravenous IgG preparations on antibody mediated platelet activation--a possible new indication for high dose i.v. IgG.

The immunologic type of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia (HAT) is caused by antibodies which activate platelets via the Fc-receptor in the presence of polysulfated oligosaccharides. The antigen is formed by a releasable platelet protein (in many cases PF4) complexed to heparin. Since the role of GP IIb/IIIa in platelet activation by HAT antibodies is controversial, we investigated platelet activation by antibodies related to HAT. We used normal platelets and platelets from a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) lacking GP IIb/IIIa. Heparin and sera from patients with HAT stimulated GT platelets in the same manner as determined by 14C-serotonin release and the changes in phosphorylation of p20 and p47. Platelet activation could be inhibited by an anti FcRII monoclonal antibody (IV. 3, Fab-fragments), and by Fc-fragments, but not by F(ab')2-fragments of human IgG. The effect of four different, commercially available preparations of intact i.v. IgG on the platelet activation by six HAT sera was investigated by 14C-serotonin release. The inhibitory effect was strongly dependent upon the manufacturing process. At a concentration of 20 mg/ml only IgG that had been subjected to low pH and traces of pepsin sufficiently inhibited platelet activation. IgG treated with polyethylenglycol or sulfitolysis was less effective, whereas beta-propiolactone-treated IgG almost completely lost the ability to inhibit platelet activation by antibodies related to HAT. We conclude that inhibition of GP IIb/IIIa-fibrinogen interaction is insufficient for preventing platelet activation in HAT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗