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PubMed1990

The advent of DNA databanks: implications for information privacy.

Genetic identification tests -- better known as DNA profiling -- currently allow criminal investigators to connect suspects to physical samples retrieved from a victim or the scene of a crime. A controversial yet acclaimed expansion of DNA analysis is the creation of a massive databank of genetic codes. This Note explores the privacy concerns arising out of the collection and retention of extremely personal information in a central database. The potential for unauthorized access by those not investigating a particular crime compels the implementation of national standards and stringent security measures.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1995

Use of medical information by computer networks raises major concerns about privacy.

The development of computer data-bases and long-distance computer networks is leading to improvements in Canada's health care system. However, these developments come at a cost and require a balancing act between access and confidentiality. Columnist Michael OReilly, who in this article explores the security of computer networks, notes that respect for patients' privacy must be given as high a priority as the ability to see their records in the first place.

Civil Rights↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Privacy of clients: tags and television.

The use of closed circuit television or electronic tagging to monitor patients and clients has become a widely debated issue in the health service. The question to be considered is whether this is an unwarranted invasion of people's privacy or an acceptable way of reducing the risk of an accident occurring?

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Consent and privacy in telemedicine.

The electronic broadcast of a medical interview, or a video tele-consultation (VTC), challenges many of our traditional concepts of privacy and confidentiality. The nature of a doctor-patient relationship changes dramatically when the open airwaves carry the personal histories, images, and concerns of a patient. Discussions of telemedicine often allude to inherent ethical concerns yet there are no established guidelines for the ethical conduct of a VTC.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1994

Health information, privacy, confidentiality and ethics.

Electronic patient records are becoming tologically reified entities that play the role of epistemic patient analogues in information space. The traditional property-model of patient records is therefore no longer appropriate. A shift in paradigm is required. This paper suggests a new paradigm, examines its ethical implications and explores ways in which these could be reflected in legal and regulatory mechanisms. Special attention is paid to privacy, security and access relative to the so-called 'fair information principles'.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1995

A new concept to ensure data privacy and data security in cancer registries.

In order to conform to the rigid German legislation on data privacy and security, a new concept of data flow and data storage for population-based cancer registries has been developed. This paper describes the basic principles of this approach and presents results from a pilot study in Rheinland-Pfalz. The cancer registry consists of two offices. The first office handles the notification of cases and communicates with the reporting physicians. It performs encryption of identifying data and passes encrypted records to the second office for permanent storage. Record linkage is performed with the encrypted data in the second office. This paper describes in detail how different encryption techniques are used for different purposes in order to ensure optimal security and the usability of the data. Our record linkage study shows that it is possible to keep both synonym and homonym error rates below 1%--acceptable both for routine performance of a registry and for scientific analyses. The methods described are not restricted to cancer registration and may therefore serve as a model for comparable MI applications.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Privacy and computerized medical records.

There are strong incentives to computerize medical records in the present health care environment, yet medical information is frequently personal and is protected by privacy law and by centuries of a tradition of confidentiality. It is not possible to eliminate all risk of inappropriate disclosure and use of medical information, either in a paper or an electronic system. Computerization of records increases the potential for abuse, but with appropriate attention to security measures, medical data can be made reasonably secure while preserving accessibility for those who truly need the information. Both for technical and legal reasons, paper records are still necessary in 1995, to back up electronic medical databases.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1995

Proposed federal legislation jeopardizes patient privacy.

In the last year there has been a move to enact federal legislation concerning private health-care information. This move has been fueled by a growing trend toward the computerization and electronic transmission of health-care information. These advances in technology call for appropriate new protections of patients' privacy. Unfortunately, the proposed legislation has not received adequate attention in the medical community. Physicians and patients in general are not aware of the legislation and have not been engaged in shaping its contents. In its current form, the legislation would seriously undermine traditional protections of confidentiality that are ensured by physicians. The flaws of the proposed legislation are examined in this article.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1997

Privacy, confidentiality, and security in clinical information systems: dilemmas and opportunities for the nurse executive.

Protecting the patient medical record in an information age is neither simple or easy. Confidentiality dilemmas create opportunities for nurse executives to exercise leadership in areas of critical concern. The drive toward computerization offers profound implications for privacy, security, and confidentiality, which must be proactively pursued through the careful development of preventive measures. Additionally, the benefits of clinical information systems (CIS) in patient care must not be minimized. The nurse executive who understands the benefit of CIS is in a position to advocate for its important role in health care today.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1997

[Ethical dilemmas of nurses concerning informational privacy of persons with HIV/AIDS. An exploratory study of the kinds of dilemmas, emotional experiences and coping strategies].

This paper reports on the results of a study conducted in 1994. The aim of the study was to gain insight into nurses' perceptions of ethical dilemmas concerning informational privacy of patients with hiv/aids. The chosen research method was descriptive, from a qualitative research perspective (Grounded Theory). The purposive sample consisted of seven nurses working in a university hospital. Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews and the critical incidents method. The description of the dilemmas led to a central theme: the nurses' choice whether or not to give information revealing the diagnosis seropositivity or aids to patient's relatives or partner. The core categories were derived from analysis of the descriptions given by the nurses. They are split up into experiences of the nurses and the way nurses cope with these dilemmas. Recommendations are given for promotion of expertise and education.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Medical research and informational privacy.

This paper focuses on the processing of medical data for scientific research and the protection of privacy. Attention will be given to the collection, storage and use of medical data for research. First, the international framework, as provided by the Council of Europe's Convention for the protection of individuals with regard to automatic processing of personal data--and Recommendation No. R (83) 10 on the protection of personal data used for scientific research and statistics, and Draft Recommendation on the protection of medical data, based on this Convention--and the European Directive on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, will be described in broad outlines. Within this international context, the relevant Dutch laws, that is to say the Law on Registration of Personal Data and the Medical Contract Act, will be discussed. The paper concludes with some remarks on the (Dutch) Code of Conduct on Health Care Research.

Confidentiality↗