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PubMed2002

Ultrasonic vocalizations and ontogenetic development in California mice (Peromyscus californicus).

This experiment investigated the time-course of behavioral and physical development in 18 male and 18 female pups from 18 litters of California mice. From 1 to 23 days of age animals were observed for a 6-min observation period every other day, followed by a neurobehavioral testing session. Ultrasonic vocalizations (UVs), coordinated movements, neuromotor indicators and physical parameters were measured. The production of UVs peaked during the first week of development, remained stable from 9 to 15 days of age, and decreased abruptly thereafter. Females vocalized more than males during the first 9 days after birth, although this difference only was statistically significant on the third day. There was an inverse relationship between the emission of UVs and coordinated movements. The frequency of UVs dropped significantly 1 day after the pups had displayed surface righting, were able to hear, and had begun opening their eyes compared with 1 day before. In conclusion, it appears that there is a sex difference in the emission of UVs, which is more intense at the beginning of development. Furthermore, the ontogenetic patterns of changes in the emission of UVs, by both males and females in California mice, are inversely related to the development of coordinated movements, such as rearing, locomotion and self-grooming.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

The importance of paternal care on pup survival and pup growth in Peromyscus californicus when required to work for food.

We examined paternal care in the monogamous California mouse when wheel running was necessary to obtain food. Paternal and maternal care, pup survival and feeding were compared in litters with single females (Male Absent) and paired females (Male Present) under three different foraging requirements. When wheel running was required for obtaining food (Wheel Contingent), the male's presence significantly increased pup survival. There were no significant effects of the male's presence on pup survival in the No Wheel (standard laboratory housing with ad lib food) or Wheel Noncontingent (running wheel with ad lib food) groups. Males may have indirectly increased pup survival by helping generate food through wheel running and then subsequently spending less time eating than females. While females reduced the time spent in parental care as pups aged, males increased the time spent in parental care as pups aged. Thus as pups became larger and more expensive to rear, the male increased parental care. These results indicate that paternal care benefits pup survival more under conditions where the parents must forage to obtain food than when food is provided ad lib in the standard laboratory environment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1972

Carbonic anhydrase polymorphism in a New Jersey population of the white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus.

Two electrophoretic forms of erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase were found to be controlled by one autosomal locus with two codominant alleles, CA(f) and CA(8). The gene frequencies for the CA(f) and CA(8) alleles were found to be.15 and.85, respectively, in a sample of 53 mice from Middlesex County, New Jersey. The observed genotypic frequencies indicated that the population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Alleles↗