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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Finger printing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with intracranial tuberculomas by using in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

In vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed in 12 patients with intracranial tuberculomas with an aim of detecting the biochemical constituents of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a granuloma. One dimensional (1D) single pulse and spin-echo sequences and 2D correlative spectroscopy were used for the ex vivo study to confirm the resonances seen on in vivo study. Spectroscopic studies of the perchloric acid and lipid extract of granuloma and M. tuberculosis were performed to look for similarity of resonance. In vivo study showed the presence of lipids at 0.9, 1.3, 2.0, 2.8 ppm, and phosphoserine at 3.7 ppm. All these resonances were confirmed on ex vivo study. In addition, distinct resonances of serine and phenolic lipids were seen on ex vivo and in vitro study of tuberculous granuloma, which have not been observed in other intracranial tumors. Lipid extract of granuloma and M. tuberculosis showed phenolic lipids at 7.1 and 7.4 ppm, a constituent of the cell wall of the bacteria in a tuberculoma. It appears that it may be possible to finger print the biochemicals of the cell wall of M. tuberculosis in a tuberculous granuloma and thus may help in detection and diagnosis of such lesions.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2005

A ranked presentation of the MHRA/CSM (Medicines & Health Care Regulatory Agency/Committee on Safety of Medicines) Drug Analysis Print (DAP) data on practolol.

PURPOSE: To display a ranked presentation of the data given in the Drug Analysis Prints (DAPs) provided by the MHRA/CSM so that the monitoring clinician may be readily alerted to the most important findings. The practolol DAP is taken as an example of the presentation. METHOD: The data for the ranked system organ classes, the ranked deaths and the ranked reaction reports within each system organ class are considered separately. RESULTS: It has been found that there are advantages in considering the system-organ classes, the deaths and the reports of the individual reactions separately and then, within these groupings, providing the mathematically ranked data. The results for practolol, withdrawn due to the associated oculomucocutaneous syndrome, are given as a single worked example. CONCLUSIONS: Presentations of the ranked data arising from spontaneous adverse drug reactions reporting may have useful advantages.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2007

UK drug analysis prints and anaesthetic adverse drug reactions.

PURPOSE: Anaesthetic drugs were selected from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency Drug Analysis Prints in order to determine the number and types of reported reactions and associated mortality. METHODS: The chosen drug groups were the intravenous induction agents, the neuromuscular blocking drugs and neostigmine, the inhalational anaesthetic agents and nitrous oxide, local anaesthetic agents and a selection of analgesics agents, naloxone and midazolam and its antagonist flumazenil. From each drug file, the number and type of reactions were analysed. Mortality was calculated as a percentage of the number of deaths against patient reports. RESULTS: A total of 11,199 reactions were analysed from 6603 patients of whom 620 (9%) died. Few drug records reported reactions from multiple constituent formulations. The majority of reactions were not allergic. The highest mortality was in the inhalational anaesthetic group. Although the greatest number of fatal events was associated with halothane, this drug is no longer used. Nevertheless the percentage remains high because cardiovascular mortality is still being reported. Local anaesthetic use was associated with the smallest percentage mortality (3%). The highest reported number of reactions was associated with the intravenous induction agents and idiosyncratic neurological and peripheral vascular reactions were linked with the use of etomidate. CONCLUSIONS: The reporting of allergic reactions was low. The data demonstrate that induction of anaesthesia presents the highest risk of adverse drug reaction; there is also mortality from newer drugs for example, desflurane, remifentanil as well as from drugs for which there is no alternative, for example, suxamethonium.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2003

Automated multiple-layer spotting for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers utilizing ink-jet printing technology.

Recently, a new multiple-layer matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) sample spotting technique for poly(ethylene glycol), offering improved analysis possibilities, was described. In this contribution the application of ink-jet printing to automated, multiple-layer MALDI-TOFMS sample preparation of synthetic polymers is presented, allowing accurate deposition of matrix, additive and analyte solutions. The new sample preparation technique was evaluated for poly(ethylene glycol) as well as poly(methyl methacrylate) standards, and optimized settings for both synthetic polymers have been obtained.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Zymography with caseogram prints: quantification of pepsinogen.

In caseogram prints, a type of zymogram which is designed for the detection of acid proteases, enzyme activity is detected in an overlay gel of agarose containing skim milk. The use of this technique for protease quantification was investigated in this study using pepsinogen as an example protease. The area of caseogram bands was found to be logarithmically related to protease activity whereas the intensity of the bands was no reliable measure for activity. A reproducible quantification procedure was described. Accuracy and variation were acceptable over a 128-fold range whose lower border was the detection limit (35 pg pepsinogen).

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
PubMed1995

Glycoprotein complexes interacting with cellulose in the "cell print" zones of the Dictyostelium discoideum extracellular matrix.

Cellulose is one of the commonest structural biopolymers. How cellulose is organized in extracellular matrices is a mystery. Here we investigate a model system, the extracellular matrix (ECM) of Dictyostelium discoideum which is composed of proteins and cellulose. A group of glycoproteins, the sheathins, which colocalize with cellulose in the ECM of D. discoideum are characterized. Sheathins are dimeric or trimeric forms of molecular mass 53-68 kDa, where the monomers are 12-35 kDa. The sheathin subunits are similar but not identical proteins. The sheathin family comprises sheathin 68, (68-kDa trimer); sheathin 62, (62-kDa dimer); sheathin 55, (55-kDa dimer), and sheathin 53, (53-kDa dimer). The subunits which assemble into the four sheathins represent at least three gene products: ShC, ShD, and ShE which are linked by disulphide bonds. Protein sequence analysis shows two of the sheathin genes encode products ShC and ShD with very similar amino terminal sequences. This group of D. discoideum ECM glycoproteins has homology with two other much larger ECM proteins of D. discoideum, ST430 and ST310, which are located in a more dispersed fashion in the ECM. Sheathins are tightly but non-covalently associated with the ECM, and this association requires strong denaturing conditions for disruption, e.g., SDS or 8 M urea. Sheathins form a component of the "cell prints" which are believed to have a role in cell-ECM interactions and slug cell migration.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Hearing thresholds of workers in a printing facility.

Forty-five exposed workers from a printing facility at Menoufia University and 45 controls were chosen for this study. All subjects underwent evaluations (personal histories and clinical examinations) and laboratory tests to determine blood lead levels and pure tone hearing thresholds. The work environment was tested for total respirable lead in fumes and particles and for noise levels. Total respirable lead was as high as 23.7 microg/m3; the noise level was as high as 50 dB. The exposed workers' mean blood lead level was significantly higher than that of the controls (36.94 +/- 4.36 and 11.51 +/- 1.22 microg/dl, respectively) and higher than the biological exposure index of 30 microg/dl, which was established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. There was a significant increase in hearing thresholds among exposed workers compared to controls at frequencies of 1000-8000 Hz. Within the exposed workers, a significant association was found between hearing thresholds and blood lead levels; the hearing threshold rose as the blood lead level increased, especially at 8000 Hz. As duration of work increased (that is, years of exposure), the exposed workers' hearing thresholds increased, reaching a maximum at 8000 Hz. In conclusion, lead exposure can lead to an increase in hearing threshold level, even when exposure to noise is below the threshold limit value.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Using microcontact printing to pattern the attachment of mammalian cells to self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on transparent films of gold and silver.

This paper describes a convenient methodology for patterning substrates for cell culture that allows the positions and dimensions of attached cells to be controlled. The method uses self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of terminally substituted alkanethiolates (R(CH2)11-15S-) adsorbed on optically transparent films of gold or silver to control the properties of the substrates. SAMs terminated in methyl groups adsorb protein and SAMs terminated in oligo(ethylene glycol) groups resist entirely the adsorption of protein. This methodology uses microcontact printing (microCP)-an experimentally simple, nonphotolithographic process-to pattern the formation of SAMs at the micrometer scale; microCP uses an elastomeric stamp having at its surface a pattern in relief to transfer an alkanethiol to a surface of gold or silver in the same pattern. Patterned SAMs having hydrophobic, methyl-terminated lines 10, 30, 60, and 90 microm in width and separated by protein-resistant regions 120 microm in width were prepared and coated with fibronectin; the protein adsorbed only to the methyl-terminated regions. Bovine capillary endothelial cells attached only to the fibronectin-coated, methyl-terminated regions of the patterned SAMs. The cells remained attached to the SAMs and confined to the pattern of underlying SAMs for at least 5-7 days. Because the substrates are optically transparent, cells could be visualized by inverted microscopy and by fluorescence microscopy after fixing and staining with fluorescein-labeled phalloidin.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed2002

Spreading and infiltration of inkjet-printed polymer solution droplets on a porous substrate.

Simultaneous spreading and infiltration of inkjet-printed droplets has been studied. Small (54- and 63-microm diameter) droplets of an aqueous polymer solution (2.4 vol% polyacrylic acid, PAA, MW 60,000) were deposited on high green density porous ceramic beds, and the wetting-induced spreading and infiltration of the droplets were characterized. The time scales for spreading and infiltration were comparable (approximately milliseconds), resulting in interruption of the spreading prior to completion by infiltration of the liquid into the powder bed, a situation that has received little treatment in the literature. The infiltration time was varied by changing the pore size (via particle size) in the powder bed, and it was confirmed that slower infiltration resulted in greater spreading of the liquid. The spreading and infiltration of the droplet were modeled to examine the coupling between the two processes and allow prediction of the maximum extension of the droplet as a function of the powder bed particle size. The liquid spreading was found to follow r(t)=a(b+t)(n) behavior, and the effect of particle size on infiltration time was used to predict the point at which spreading ceases due to infiltration for various particle sizes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

In situ localization of faba bean and oat legumin-type proteins in transgenic tobacco seeds by a highly sensitive immunological tissue print technique.

We have used a highly sensitive immunological tissue print technique to study cell- and tissue-specific expression of heterologous genes in transgenic plants. Primary polyclonal antibodies, raised against legumin of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and 12S globulin of oat (Avena sativa L.) were used to localize these proteins in transgenic tobacco seeds in a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase assay in combination with biotinylated secondary antibodies producing a higher sensitivity (by several amplification steps) of the assay. Both storage protein genes were found to be expressed in a specific pattern. While legumin is preferentially accumulated in certain parts of the embryo, the oat legumin-type globulin is restricted to the endosperm. The applied technique is highly sensitive with a resolution power down to the single-cell level and allows rapid screening of large numbers of samples.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed1987

Three new orosomucoid (ORM) variants revealed by isoelectric focusing and print immunofixation.

Phenotypes of orosomucoid (ORM) in human sera have been analysed by isoelectric focusing and print immunofixation. After neuraminidase treatment the band patterns indicated that the polymorphism of the structural locus ORM1 is controlled by three autosomal codominant alleles. According to the previous nomenclature they were called ORM1F1, ORM1F2, and ORM1S. In a study of 272 unrelated individuals from southern Germany, five of the six expected common ORM1 subtypes were observed. Furthermore, we found three ORM variant phenotypes which have not been reported previously. These variants were characterized by additional bands in a cathodal position. One variant had additional double bands and presumably represents a rare ORM1 variant named ORM1S1. Two variants had additional single bands. They were assigned tentatively to the ORM2 gene locus. While the common gene product of ORM2 may be called ORM2A, the two variants are named ORM2B1 and ORM2B2, respectively. ORM2B1 has, thus far, been found only in a single individual; the variants ORM1S1 and ORM2B2 were found in a father-child pair and a mother-child pair, respectively. The frequency for variants tentatively assigned to the ORM2 locus is very low and was calculated to be 0.0037.

Alleles↗
PubMed1978

[Diagnosis for the localization of cemented intramedullar stem prostheses and ICLH-prostheses of the hip by means of stereo X-ray prints (author's transl)].

It is known that the loosening of artificial hip joints leads to their shift relative to the carrying bone structure. For a quantitative radiological detection of even minimal dislocations fix-points both in the carrying bone structure as well as in the prostheses have to be defined. While for the stem prostheses and cups such points can be defined directly from their geometrical structure, they have to be generated artificially for the carrying bone structure by implanted metal pins, which can easily be detected in the X-ray print. Having defined in this way a complete and appropriate set of fix-points, the position of the prosthesis relative to the bone structure is uniquely defined by the distance vectors between the different fix-points. The main biometrical steps of such a concept as well as their computational formulation and realization are derived; the main advantages and the accuracy of the technique are elucidated and critically discussed.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

Tissue print-immunoblotting reveals an uneven distribution of beet necrotic yellow vein and beet soil-borne viruses in sugarbeets.

An uneven distribution of the coat protein antigens of beet necrotic yellow vein (BNYVV) and beet soil-borne (BSBV) viruses in tap roots of naturally infected sugarbeets and of BNYVV coat protein antigen in leaves and petioles of mechanically inoculated sugarbeet seedlings was detected by means of tissue print-immunoblotting. BNYVV antigen-containing areas in the tap roots were usually found underneath a root beard. Occasionally BNYVV antigen was detected predominantly, but not exclusively in the xylem vessels.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1986

[Preventive examinations in the rotogravure printing industry].

One hundred and sixty rotogravure printing workers exposed mainly to toluene are compared (clinical examination, liver and kidney tests) to 38 unexposed workers. The exposure to toluene is assessed by personal air sampling at the workplace (mean: 54 ppm) and by analysis of hippuric acid in urine (mean: 1.86 g/g creatinine). Fatigue, alcohol intolerance, mouth dryness appear more frequently among the exposed subjects. Differences observed in liver tests are difficult to relate to toluene exposure. The additional eight-year health surveillance of 18 workers shows no significant changes in liver and kidney functions.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Chondral print on humeral head: an indirect sign of long head biceps tendon instability.

Long head biceps (LHB) tendon pathologies are becoming increasingly recognized causes of shoulder pain in the published literature. Instability of LHB presenting as dislocation or subluxation has been recently recognized as a possible cause of disabling pain or discomfort of the shoulder. A clinical diagnosis of LHB instability is very difficult and often confounding because of association with other shoulder pathologies. However, an early diagnosis of LHB instability is important in order to prevent the evolution of lesions of the biceps pulley until an internal anterosuperior impingement of the shoulder (ASI) and subscapular tear occur. The advent of arthroscopy contributed to enhance understandings. The goal of this article is to describe an arthroscopic sign, the chondral print on the humeral head, associated with a LHB instability, that when present can be very useful to help the surgeon to make the diagnosis of unstable LHB tendon.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Biosensors designed for environmental and food quality control based on screen-printed graphite electrodes with different configurations.

Graphite electrodes fabricated by screen-printing have been used as amperometric detectors in biosensors based on NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenases, tyrosinase, or genetically modified acetylcholinesterases. The mono-enzyme sensors have been optimized as disposable or reusable devices for detection of a variety of substrates important in the food industry ( D-lactic acid, L-lactic acid, acetaldehyde) or in environmental pollution control (phenols and dithiocarbamate, carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides). The sensors were prepared in four configurations differing in enzyme confinement, enzyme immobilization and location of the immobilization agent in the biosensor assembly. Tests on real samples have been performed with the biosensors; D-lactic acid and acetaldehyde have been detected in wine and phenols in air.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed2003

Screen-printed multienzyme arrays for use in amperometric batch and flow systems.

Screen-printing technology for electrode fabrication enables construction of amperometric devices suitable for combination of several enzyme electrodes. To develop a biosensor array for characterisation of wastewaters, tyrosinase and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or cholinesterase-modified electrodes were combined on the same array. The behaviour of the tyrosinase-modified electrode in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (required co-substrate for the HRP-modified electrode) and acetylthiocholine chloride (required co-substrate for cholinesterase) was studied. Performance of bi-enzyme biosensor arrays in the batch mode and in the flow-injection system are discussed.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2003

Cholinesterase sensors based on screen-printed electrodes for detection of organophosphorus and carbamic pesticides.

Cholinesterase sensors based on screen-printed electrodes modified with polyaniline, 7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and Prussian blue have been developed and tested for detection of anticholinesterase pesticides in aqueous solution and in spiked grape juice. The influence of enzyme source and detection mode on biosensor performance was explored. It was shown that modification of the electrodes results in significant improvement of their analytical characteristics for pesticide determination. Thus, the slopes of the calibration curves obtained with modified electrodes were increased twofold and the detection limits of the pesticides were reduced by factors of 1.6 to 1.8 in comparison with the use of unmodified transducers. The biosensors developed make it possible to detect down to 2 x 10(-8) mol L(-1) chloropyrifos-methyl, 5 x 10(-8) mol L(-1) coumaphos, and 8 x 10(-9) mol L(-1) carbofuran in aqueous solution and grape juice. The optimal conditions for grape juice pretreatment were determined to diminish interference from the sample matrix.

Beverages↗