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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Surviving psychiatry in an era of 'popular punitiveness'.

In an era when sentencing of mentally disordered offenders has been progressively influenced by protective considerations, the role psychiatrists play in the sentencing process is problematic. Where an offender's legitimate expectation of proportionality in sentencing can be trumped by psychiatric assessments, not of therapeutic need, but of either predictions of risk or untreatability or both, leading to disproportionate and potentially damaging custodial sentences, then psychiatrists should recognize that they are ethically compromised.

Criminal Law↗
PubMed2004

Picosecond time-resolved microspectrofluorometry in live cells exemplified by complex fluorescence dynamics of popular probes ethidium and cyan fluorescent protein.

Time-resolved microspectrofluorometry in live cells, based on time- and space-correlated single-photon counting, is a novel method to acquire spectrally resolved fluorescence decays, simultaneously in 256 wavelength channels. The system is calibrated with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 90 ps for the temporal resolution, a signal-to-noise ratio of 10(6), and a spectral resolution of 30 (Deltalambda/Lambda). As an example, complex fluorescence dynamics of ethidium and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) in live cells are presented. Free and DNA intercalated forms of ethidium are simultaneously distinguishable by their relative lifetime (1.7 ns and 21.6 ns) and intensity spectra (shift of 7 nm). By analysing the complicated spectrally resolved fluorescence decay of CFP, we propose a fluorescence kinetics model for its excitation/desexcitation process. Such detailed studies under the microscope and in live cells are very promising for fluorescence signal quantification.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nodding off or switching off? The use of popular media as a sleep aid in secondary-school children.

AIM: To describe the use of media as a sleep aid in adolescents and relate this to their sleep routines and feelings of tiredness. METHODS: A questionnaire about using media as a sleep aid, media presence in bedrooms, time to bed and time out of bed on average weekdays and average weekend days, and questions regarding level of tiredness in the morning, at school, after a day at school and after the weekend was completed by 2546 seventh and 10th grade children in a random sample of 15 schools. RESULTS: Of the adolescents, 36.7% reported watching television to help them fall asleep. In total, 28.2% of the boys and 14.7% of the girls used computer games as a sleep aid. Music was used to fall asleep by 60.2% of the adolescents in this sample. About half of the adolescents read books to fall asleep. Except for reading books, using media as a sleep aid is negatively related to respondents' time to bed on weekdays, their number of hours of sleep per week and their self-reported level of tiredness. CONCLUSION: Using media as a sleep aid appears to be common practice among adolescents. Those who reported using music, television, and computer games more often as a sleeping aid slept fewer hours and were significantly more tired.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The academic lives of neglected, rejected, popular, and controversial children.

The purposes of this study were to examine academically relevant characteristics of different sociometric status groups and to learn about the academic orientations of behavioral subgroups of rejected children. Results from a sample of 423 sixth and seventh graders (ages 11-13) suggested that sociometrically neglected children have quite positive academic profiles. When compared with average status children, these students reported higher levels of motivation, were described by teachers as more self-regulated learners, as more prosocial and compliant, and as being better liked by teachers. Analyses of two behavioral subgroups of rejected children indicated that aggressive-rejected but not submissive-rejected children have problematic academic profiles. Relations of neglected and aggressive-rejected status to academic adjustment in young adolescents' lives is discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMed2006

BRIEF REPORT: nutrition and weight loss information in a popular diet book: is it fact, fiction, or something in between?

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Diet books dominate the New York Times Advice Best Seller list and consumers cite such books as an important source of nutrition information. However, the scientific support for nutrition claims presented as fact (nutrition facts) in diet books is not known. DESIGN/MEASUREMENTS: We assessed the quality of nutrition facts in the best-selling South Beach Diet using support in peer-reviewed literature as a measure of quality. We performed structured literature searches on nutrition facts located in the books' text, and then assigned each fact to 1 of 4 categories (1) fact supported, (2) fact not supported, (3) fact both supported and not supported, and (4) no related papers. A panel of expert reviewers adjudicated the findings. RESULTS: Forty-two nutrition facts were included. Fourteen (33%) facts were supported, 7 (17%) were not supported, 18 (43%) were both supported and not supported, and 3 (7%) had no related papers, including the fact that the diet had been "scientifically studied and proven effective." CONCLUSIONS: Consumers obtain nutrition information from diet books. We found that over 67% of nutrition facts in a best-seller diet book may not be supported in the peer-reviewed literature. These findings have important implications for educating consumers about nutrition information sources.

Books↗