Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “POLAND”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Epidemiology of acoustic neuromas in Poland].

In 1996 the Polish Skull Base Surgery Society was founded and assembled mainly otolaryngologists and neurosurgeons from several dozen clinics and hospital wards. Its main aim was to encourage co-operation between those two specialties. For this reason among others a common project entitled: "Epidemiology of acoustic neuromas in Poland" was launched in 1997. Information was collected from questionnaires in seven neurosurgery and in three laryngology centres in the years from 1997-1998. So far, no epidemiology of acoustic neuromas was established for the population of Poland. In this span of time 72 patients were operated. The agreement upon similar criteria, terminology and ways of evaluating the treatment results was quite a problem. Most cases were found in patients in their fifties (19 cases) and sixties (15 cases), mostly women. The average duration of the symptoms was 43 months. Large tumours predominated in the study group--T4 in the Samii (67%), and > 26 mm in the Tos (74%) classification. Most commonly, the patients were subjected to computer tomography in the preoperative period. All patients were treated surgically, with the retrosinusoid approach predominating. Only in one case, the translabyrinthal approach was used. Authors of this work are all participants of the project. Despite the fact that the number of performed operations is not too high, the fact of co-operative studies on the results by representatives of those two specialties can be considered a success. Hopefully, in the next years it will gradually be possible to widen the scope of the project and obtain more precise information.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The Household Food Consumption and Anthropometric Survey in Poland.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the Household Food Consumption and Anthropometric Survey, undertaken in Poland from September to November 2000. DESIGN: A sub-sample of households participating in the countrywide, representative household budget survey (HBS) was selected to participate in the Household Food Consumption and Anthropometric Survey. Four thousand two hundred (4200) individuals provided 24-hour recalls that were subsequently evaluated. Body weight and height together with the mid-arm, waist and hip circumferences were measured. Laboratory analyses of contaminants that may be present in selected individual diets will be undertaken. SETTING: Poland, 2000. SUBJECTS: Four thousand two hundred individuals from 1362 households participating in the Polish HBS. RESULTS: Preliminary analyses of height and weight, as well as energy and nutrient intakes, were undertaken in a sub-sample of 484 boys and girls aged 10-15 years. Energy intakes were generally in line with or above the Polish Recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from serving as an important information source on individual food consumption and anthropometric status of the Polish population, the data collected through the Household Food Consumption and Anthropometric Survey will allow direct comparisons of food intake estimates, based on 24-hour recalls, with the results of the household budget survey. Such comparisons are expected to improve and refine interpretation of the data derived from both the individual nutrition survey and the household budget survey, and particularly to provide information on the importance of eating out, which is not covered in the Polish HBS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Exposure to chemical carcinogens in Poland in 1999].

Occupational exposure to chemical carcinogens in Poland, based on the data provided by the Central Register of Carcinogenic Agents, is presented. More than 220,000 employees in 2376 enterprises were exposed to chemical substances, mixtures and technological processes recognized as carcinogenic. The majority of them were present in the three regions (voivodships) of Poland: ślaskim, dolnoślaskim and małopolskim.

Carcinogens, Environmental↗
PubMed2001

The influence of prophylactic vaccination on epidemic situation of infectious diseases illustrated by the epidemiology of measles in Poland in the years 1968-1998.

There were gathered demographic data collected by the Main Statistical Office (GUS) concerning Polish society. There were analysed the incidence, morbidity and mortality rates as well as the number of cases and number of deaths from measles in Poland in the years 1968-1998. It was stated that the introduction of prophylactic vaccinations against infectious diseases totally changed the epidemiologic situation. It was also stated that measles is a good example of the influence of prophylactic vaccinations on the course of disease. The measles vaccinations caused the elimination of periodicity of the disease, increase in the interepidemic periods, decrease in incidence rates and nearly eliminated morbidity from this disease. There is a chance of eradication of measles in Poland provided that mandatory vaccination periods are strictly kept and 99% of children at the age of two years are vaccinated.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease in Poland in the last century].

Surgery of Parkinson's disease started in the middle of the last century. At the same time this treatment was introduced in Poland. Choróbski removed Broadsman's area 4 through craniotomy. In 1961 Liszka in Kraków introduced the stereotactic procedures, thalamo- and pallidotomy. This type of surgery was soon introduced in two other neurosurgical centers. For the next several years treatment was mostly pharmacological. However, stereotactic treatment was used in patients poorly tolerating drugs. In the meantime first attempts were made at implantation of fetal substantia nigra, with good results. At the end of the century in several patients electrostimulators were implanted. In the last century all known methods of surgical treatment were applied in Poland.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMed2002

[Criteria for evaluating exposure to chemical substances in Poland: procedures for suppression and applications].

The major objective of setting values of chemical concentrations in the work environment is to reduce the risk of occupation-related exposure to levels regarded as safe to humans. In the standard setting process, a critical assessment of the available literature data on toxicity of a given chemical and related health effects in the population exposed, depending on concentrations and exposure duration, is essential. Such an assessment performed by a group of experts is a difficult and responsible task since the available data are frequently incomplete and extrapolation of the results of animal experiments aimed at setting limits of concentrations safe to humans raises multiple doubts. The aim of this paper was to compare the procedures of setting permissible values for chemical factors in Poland and throughout the world and to highlight differences in their interpretation. In addition, a brief history of setting admissible limits, as well as definitions of hygiene standards used in Poland, the USA, Germany, the UK and in the former Soviet Union together with the ways of their formulation are presented. The country-to-country variations of attitudes towards setting admissible levels of exposure to carcinogenic agents are worthy of special mention. Maximum admissible concentrations of chemicals in the work environment suggested by experts and adopted by the state administration should not be regarded as constant and completely safe to the human health, thus the existing systems should take account of the need to verify these values with an inflow of updated information on chemical toxicity.

Europe↗
PubMed2001

[Postgraduate training for doctors between the wars in Poland, 1918-1939].

In the years between the Two World Wars in Poland, there have been made some meaningful changes in the approach towards the postgraduate education of the physicians. The widespread conviction about the need of widening the practical knowledge, was replaced in 1930 by a law, which made a year-long hospital practice obligatory for doctors who have accomplished their medical studies. The completion of this obligatory training was the condition of starting an independent professional practice. The aim of this complementary education, which comprised the basic branches of medicine, and which were conducted under the eyes of experienced doctors, was the complement of the theoretical academic knowledge by practical skills. The introduction of a law, which made a one-year-long postgraduate hospital practice obligatory, is undoubtedly one of the important achievements of the period between the Two World Wars, in the realisation of the idea of modern and complete education of the physicians in Poland.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed2002

[Spreading of HIV infection and syphilis in Poland in 1988-1998].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological threat of HIV infection and early syphilis (es) in Poland with regard to the principal modes of HIV transmission and the relationship between HIV and es in 1988-98. METHODS: We analyzed es incidence rates and newly notified HIV cases and their trends in four regions: East (E), South (S), West (W) and Central (C); proportion of injecting drug users (IDUs), men who have sex with men (MSM), and persons of unknown mode of HIV transmission (UMTPs) among reported HIV infections and correlation between HIV infection and es incidence rates. RESULTS: HIV infection notification rate curves in four regions were two-phase: since 1988 they were parabolic with the highest values in 1989-90 and the lowest in 1993-95, then they had increasing trends in four regions. Proportion of MSM was the highest (> 10% among HIV+) in C till 1996, since 1993 it increased in E, W and S. Proportion of IDUs was 80% in late 80s, then decreased (50-60% in 1993) and rose in E, S and C since 1993. Proportion of UMHTs was inversely correlated to the percentage of IDUs in E, W and C and increased in W and C since 1993. In the analysed period es incidence rate slightly increased only in E and positively correlated to HIV incidence in this region. CONCLUSIONS: IDUs in Poland may constitute a 'core group' contributing to the spread of HIV together with other sexually transmitted infections from former USSR. Increasing number of UMTPs makes the epidemiological situation of HIV infection difficult to evaluate.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2001

[Epidemiology of thyroid cancer in Poland].

The aim of the paper is to analyse the epidemiological situation of thyroid cancer in Cracow region from 1986 to 1999 and to review regional thyroid cancer registers in Poland (including 43.7% of the Polish population) in 1999. The standardized register was based upon assumptions: 100% of histopathological verification according to ICD-10, the register ascertainment in at least 80%, the demographic area not smaller than 100,000 inhabitants, the incidence rate (IR) calculated as the newly diagnosed cases number per 100,000 inhabitants in a calendar year. Since 1990 a statistically significant rise of the thyroid cancer incidence affecting mainly women > 40 years of age have been observed. From 1998-1999 the cancer morbidity was reduced. Within the last 5 years in the Cracow area the follicular carcinoma incidence has decreased significantly, which has been associated with effective iodine prophylaxis. The highest incidence values have been observed in Cracow and Olsztyn, showing a territorial relationship with the highest thyroid irradiation doses after Chernobyl accident. The mean IR value has been 3.86 (1.48 men, 6.08 women), which corresponds to about 1500 newly diagnosed cases in Poland in 1999. The follicular to papillary carcinoma ratio has been 5.32. The major etiological factors have been iodine deficiency and ionising radiation. The present data have indicated that iodine prophylaxis should be continued and that the population should be protected against ionising radiation.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2002

The prevalence of green muscle disease in turkeys from the Warmia and Mazury province of Poland.

The green muscle disease (GMD), described for the first time in 1968, is a cause of significant losses in the production of turkey meat. Pathological changes of different intensity are found in smaller pectoral muscles on one or both sides of the sternal crest. GMD has been more frequently observed in Poland since 1991 in breeding turkeys of heavy and medium-heavy types assigned to slaughter after completing the reproductive period. The present study deals with the occurrence of this disease in the Warmia and Mazury District of Poland. Characteristic green foci located in small pectoral muscles were found in 4090 out of 26,169 slaughtered turkeys, i.e. in 15.63% of the carcasses investigated. It was established that 2430.5 kg of meat were confiscated what gave 0.59 kg of confiscated meat per head on the average.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Demographic situation in Poland in 1989 on the basis of the report of the Government Population Commission.

"The study contains...statements of the...sixteenth report of the Government Population Commission on 'Poland's demographic situation'.... The 1990 Report presents for the first time a thorough analysis of mortality caused by...circulatory and respiratory system diseases, malignant neoplasms, injuries and poisonings, [for] basic administrative units (towns and gminas). Moreover, the 1990 Report presents an analysis of changes in the structures of: the socio-demographic situation of households and families, disability, and the external migration of Poland's population in the years 1978-1988. The Report also contains an analysis of the [sociological] changes in Polish family life over the postwar period...."

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1992

Predicted changes, in the years 1990-2010, in the state and structure of productive age population in Poland and in selected European countries and their consequences for external migrations.

Trends in the number and structure of working-age populations in Europe and Poland are projected for the period 1990-2010. Among their predictions, the authors anticipate that "in Western Europe...the working age population will be reduced by...2%. In both Southern and Northern Europe the working age population will grow...by 1.3% and 3.6% [respectively]. On the other hand, in Eastern Europe the population concerned will grow substantially in those years: this growth is estimated [at]...9.1%." A 14.7 percent increase is predicted for Poland.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Demographic prospects of Poland according to different projection assumptions.

The author examines population projections prepared in the 1980s for Poland. "The aim of the paper is to present and compare the assumptions of these projections and to discuss some of the resulting differences and similarities in [the] predicted demographic future of [the] population of Poland."

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1992

On the improvement of demographic forecasting in Poland.

"In the paper attempts at improving demographic projections, undertaken in Poland in the late 1980s, are discussed." The focus is on the use of the LIPRO (LIfe-style PROjections) model, developed by the Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute. The model is used "to project changes in marital composition of Poland's population by place of residence (urban/rural areas) till 2050.... In the paper, the brief description of the marital status version of the LIPRO model is given and the selected results of projections for the period 1985-2050 are discussed to illustrate the usefulness of that approach."

Demography↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of health status of population in north and west Poland on the basis of measures related to pollution and degradation of environment. Trends in mortality.

"The objective of this study is to make a cross-sectional assessment of the health status of the population inhabiting West and North Poland, using a set of negative measures of health related to the intensity of environmental factors, and to evaluate mortality trends in the same area that express changes in the rate of morbidity leading to death....The measures assumed in the analysis suggest that the population inhabiting 15 voivodeships in West and North Poland is characterised by a poorer health status than in the other area, both urban and rural."

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1988

Redistribution of the elderly population in Poland: regional and rural-urban dimensions.

"The present paper looks into spatial patterns of the elderly population and the recent configurations of elderly migration in Poland....Compared with other countries in Europe, the ageing of the population of Poland is neither very advanced nor particularly rapid. However, spatial concentration of the elderly population, as well as specific patterns of its redistribution, generate a number of policy issues on the regional and local level. Such problems range from the provision of specialized services to the maintenance of housing and the utilization of farmland."

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Migration trends and regional labour market change in Poland.

The author examines internal migration and its relation to economic conditions in Poland during the period since World War II. The "basic facets of internal migration in Poland, as they prevailed over the last decades, will be summarized in Section 2 and [compared] with the most recent mobility trends. Section 3 will focus on migration flows within and among 49 regions over the 1975-1983 period while taking account of changing industrial employment levels in individual regions. Alternative interpretations of observed migration patterns will be sought in Section 4. Preliminary conclusions and some further questions will be listed in Section 5."

Demography↗
PubMed1992

Spatial population mobility in Poland, 1952-1985.

This is a summary of the author's 1989 study on internal migration in Poland from 1952 to 1985. "The main aims of the study are: to describe spatial patterns of different types of migration vis-a-vis national socioeconomic change on the basis of the available unified statistical material...; to identify changes in the intensity and range (distance) of those movements; [and] to propose a hierarchical regionalization of permanent migration based on inter-voivodship flows, using the Slater method, as well as to identify the stage by the process of modernization of spatial mobility which has been reached in Poland." Data are primarily from official sources, including censuses and the current population register.

Demography↗