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According to textual research, the "Huci" was first recorded in ancient document, Zhenglei Bencao, not "Funiu Hua" recorded in Kaibao Bencao. Therefore, in Li Shizhen's works, Compendium of Materia Medica, incorporating "Huci" into an item of "Funiu Hua" is incorrect. The original plan of "Huci" is Damnacanthus indicus Gaertn. f. from Rubiaceae.
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Through a critical study of herbalogy, it is concluded that the mature seeds of Alpinia zermubet were used as caodoukou in ancient times. The original plant of Yutao recorded in Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao may be the species of Alpinia katsumadai. Baidukou used in ancient times may be the seeds of Alpinia katsumadai found in the south of China, or Amomum compactum and Am. kravanh imported from foreign countries.
OBJECTIVE: To establish the fingerprints of Achyranthes bidentata Bl. by HPLC/UV/MS. METHOD: Separation was performed on Aglient Zorbax SB-C18 column. Gradient elute was performed by the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid-water with the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. RESULT: Perfect fingerprints were obtained which can be used for the evaluation of Achyranthes bidentata Bl. Four common peaks were confirmed in fingerprints. Three compounds were elucidated as 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde, ecdysterone, inokosterone by HPLC/MS. CONCLUSION: The method can be applied to the quality control of Achyranthes bidentata Bl.
The tubers of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. distributed widely in China, have been used in traditional medicine. Recently, P. ternata is deficient in herb market and its adulterants are used. This article mainly summarizes some researches on P. ternata and its adulterants from four aspects, including pharmacognostics, chemical component, pharmacology and toxicity. Also some suggestions are presented about the study prospect of P. ternata.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the Geo-authentic and Geologic Background System (GBS) and physicochemical properties of cultivated soil in the Flos Lonicerae. METHOD: The analysis on the physicochemical properties of cultivated soil, the geologic background system in 5 producing areas of Flos Lonicerae was compared. RESULT: The distribution of genuine Flos Lonicerae was restricted by GBS, which was mainly restricted in the temperate continental monsoon semi-arid climate zone between north latitude 34-36 degrees and east longitude 113-118 degrees. CONCLUSION: The most suitable soil for the genuine Flos Lonicerae is the neutral or weak alkali sandy loamy soil with higher ion exchanging capacity, and the soils from those producing areas are determined by soil-forming parent materials.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the latest wild and cultivated licorice resource status; bring forward the licorice resource protection and sustainable utilization countermeasures in the center and western area of China. METHOD: With study both in interview survey and field survey. RESULT: All samples investigated were the species of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Human actions is concerned with the community status, reserves per unit and quality. Excessive exploitation made the licorice quality lower and reserves decrease. CONCLUSION: Enforcing the wild licorice resource protection and improving licorice cultivated technique are brought forward to act as the sustaining countermeasures.
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the trace elements presented in the same germplasm of Flos Lonicerae with the soil in different producing areas of crude drugs and to investigate, the relationship between the trace elements and the characteristics of the geo-authentic Flos Lonicerae in the soil and crude drugs. METHOD: The analyses on the trace elements of soil and crude drugs were made by ICP-AES. RESULT: The contents of Sr, K, Na, Mg and Ca were higher in the geo-authentic areas, and the contents of Ca, Sr and Fe were higher, but the Cr and Pb were lower in the geo-authentic Flos Lonicerae. The geo-authentic crude drugs had a strong tendency to accumulate P and Cu. CONCLUSION: There are no direct relationship between the concentrations of trace elements in Flos Lonicerae and those in their corresponding soil. There are good relationship between the absorption and accumulation of Ca and Cr, Co, Na and Fe; Zn and Co, Cr, Mn; Na and Co; Mg and Mn.
OBJECTIVE: To identify Cassia seeds of six species by capillary electrophoresis. METHOD: The water-soluble extracts of Cassia seeds of six species were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. The running buffer was 0.1 mol.L-1 borate, 0.1 mol.L-1 SDS, pH 8.5. The separation voltage was 25 kV. RESULT: Four common peaks could be found in the electropherograms of six species Cassia seeds, and the characteristic peaks could also be observed. CONCLUSION: Fingerprints of the six species of Cassia seeds show significant differences, which can be used for their identification.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the genuiness on 5 samples of Bupleurum chinense DC. from cultivating base in Dongfeng County, Jilin Province. METHODS: RAPD was used by 23 primers. RESULTS: The three primers can effectively identify the genuiness of Bupleurum chinense. CONCLUSION: The genuiness identification of Bupleurum chinense can be made with RAPD analysis.
AIM: To establish the two-dimension information fingerprints chromatograph of traditional Chinese medicine and investigate via pattern recognition. METHODS: Hierarchical cluster was applied to fingerprints described by one-dimension information data and by two-dimension information data respectively and corresponding results was compared. RESULTS: The gross classes, in which the samples denoted by two-dimension information data, classified by all kinds of hierarchical cluster methods had less differences and more robustness than the methods containing the samples expressed by one-dimension information data. The classes to which the unknown samples would be belonged were determined by hierarchical cluster analysis and artificial neural network (ANN), and the same results were obtained. CONCLUSION: The fingerprints characterized by two-dimension information data could provide more overall and special information as compared with the methods indicated by one-dimension information data.
OBJECTIVE: To provide scientific basis for natural cultivation of Fritillaria cirrhosa. METHOD: The cluster analysis to the Bray--Curtis distance coefficient of community plot was carried out to divide the community types of F. cirrhosa. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The community of F. cirrhosa's natural cultivation can be divided into six types: Sibiraea angustata community, Rhododendron litangense community, Salix sclerophylla community, Dasiphora fruticosa + Spiraea alpina + S. myrtilloides community, Sabina pingii var. wilsonii community, Polygonum viviparum + P. sphaerostachyum community, and the ecological characteristics such as the composition of community and ecological distribution have been showed.
OBJECTIVE: To offer evidences for quality control of medicinal plant of Dactylicapnos scandens. METHOD: Pharmacognostic studies were carried out through field collection, morphological and microscopic characteristics, and TLC. RESULT: Observation and description of the experimentation were made. CONCLUSION: Dactylicapnos scandens can be identified from Genus of Dactylicapnos which has the similar morphological characteristics. The morphological and microscopic characteristics and the results of TLC can be used as evidences for quality control of this medicinal plant.
OBJECTIVE: To comment on main resource species of Herba Epimedii. METHOD: Taxonomy, resource investigation and quality evaluation of flavonoid contents were made. RESULT: 7 species of Herba Epimedii having broad distribution were summarized. According the area of their distribution, they were named Epimedium sagittatum, E. brevicornu, E. acuminatum, E. koreanum, E. pubescens, E. leptorrhizum and E. wushanense. Each distribution in detail and icariin and likewise compounds contents of these 7 species were provided. Other 8 Epimedium species much used were proposed. Medicinal characters 15 species were provided in this paper. CONCLUSION: On the basis of distribution character, resource quantity and growing with other species mingled, it is suggested that 4 main production or purchasing districts in China be divided. The most important district is northeastern district, where only E. koreanum grows there, with the best guality. Northwestern and northern district is the second one, where E. brevicornu, mainly grows with much stable guality. Then it is eastern and southern district, where E. sagittatum grows with the largest quantity but unstable quality. Southwestern district is the last one, mingle species complex and identification important. In Sichuan province, E. acuminatum and E. pubescens are main species, with other 12 species growing there. In Guizhou province, E. acuminatum, E. leptorrhizum and E. wushanense are main species, other 7 species growing there and E. leptorrhizum with poor quality. It is suggested that E. acuminatum be recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
OBJECTIVE: To find out the licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis) distribution area, resource complexion and resource reserves of northeast China, to analyze the cause of the swing of the pendulum of resources, to put forward the countermeasure of resource protection and to provide evidence for the establishment of relative statutes. METHOD: Combination of visit-inquisition and sample-square investigation involving the resource complexion of the 32 counties and cities in the northeast China wasmade. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The east distribution boundary and the whole distribution current of licorice in the northeast China were determined the northeast licorice distributing region was compartmentalized into three typical sub-regions, and the licorice population character and artificial disturbing status in main counties of every sub-region were described. The licorice reserves were also figured out. At the same time, the nature and the artificial factors that influenced the swing of the pendulum of licorice resource were analyzed, and the correlative safeguard measure was brought forward.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the different lactone content of 10 batches of TLG raw material. METHODS: RP-HPLC-ELSD were used to determine ginkgolide A, B, C(GA, GB, GC). RESULTS: Content of GA, GB and GC were different but TLG very high (all > 90%). CONCLUSION: The quality of TLG could be affected by habitat, season and the preparation method.
Herbalogical textual study indicated "Guanzhong" recorded in Bencaojing at Han Dynasty had pteridophyte characters. In the period of Wei and Jin Dynasties, the name of "Guanzhong" was really belonged to spermatophyte. Since Southern and Northern Dynasties, fern has been the main source of "Guanzhong" in which Woowardia japonica was used longer than others.
Our investigation shows that in Sichuan Province there are 7 species of medicinal gualou (fruid-rind of Trichosanthes) and its confused fruits (6 species of Trichosanthes and 1 species of Citrullus), among which 2 species are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The drug and its confused fruits are similar in shape. This paper emphatically deals with the tissue identification of the above mentioned 7 species.