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PubMed1984

Augmentation mammaplasty: the surgical and psychological effects of the operation and prediction of the result.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of augmentation mammaplasty on women and to determine if it is possible to predict which women will benefit most from the operation. Interviews were conducted with both women who were about to undergo augmentation mammaplasty and those who had undergone the surgery. These interviews were compared with interviews from a control group composed of a normally distributed population. The women who apply for augmentation mammaplasty are a homogeneous group who experience their breast problems in a very similar way. Our study revealed that they are distinctly different from the control group in personality and childhood environment. Most of the women were generally satisfied with the operation even though many had complaints about the technical result. Certain behaviors had changed, but despite these positive results these changes were not radical and in reality the improvement was not as the women initially described it. The women's behavior reactions rarely changed enough to become similar to the reactions of the control group. Using a personality test, it is possible to predict which women will benefit most from the operation. When an assessment of psychiatric problems was made using the neurosis scale in a personality test, the women who scored low on a scale of neurotic self-assertion were satisfied with the operation to a greater extent.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Aerodynamics of phonation.

An overview is given of the results of simultaneous measurements of mean air flow rate, mean subglottal pressure, and sound intensity in 45 test-persons and 64 voice patients. From these values the efficiency of voice production is calculated. The measuring procedure as well as the use of data from test-persons as reference values is described. Comparing the results of voice patients with these reference values showed that the diagnostic usefulness of measuring aerodynamic data in voice production is generally low. Aerodynamic data from patients with slight adduction disturbances, however, lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology in cases with an incomplete dorsal glottis closure and give directions to a more adequate therapy programme.

Glottis↗
PubMed1990

[Hemodynamic and clinical studies with Bonnecor--a new anti-arrhythmia drug].

It is reported on clinical and haemodynamic results with Bonnecor, a new antiarrhythmic drug with class I and IV properties, on 68 test persons in parenteral and oral administration. The haemodynamic acute investigations (dosage 2 x 0.1 to 1 x 0.3 mg/kg body weight) which were performed on 10 test persons with compensated heart diseases did not show any negative haemodynamic effects of Bonnecor at rest and on exercition. The chronic effect on ventricular extrasystoles of the degrees of severity mostly II-IV were investigated in the open experiment on 17 patients as well as on 3 patients with supraventricular dysrhythmias and on 30 patients with ventricular extrasystoles Lown III-IV in the single blind cross-over experiments to verapamil retard. A clinically relevant result with regard to the reduction of the ventricular extrasystole about 75% was found in 23% of the patients (open study) and 33.3% of the patients (cross-over), respectively. The reduction of the ventricular extrasystole was significant compared with the empty value. Under the influence of verapamil a significant reduction of the ventricular extrasystole could not be verified, the differences between Verapamil and Bonnecor were, however, not to be ascertained statistically. The effect of Bonnecor on couplets and volleys was clinically relevant in 52 and 46%, respectively, of the patients (reduction greater than or equal to 93%) and approximately corresponds to the results with other antiarrhythmic drugs. The tolerability is to be estimated as relatively good.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Population prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Netherlands. Should asymptomatic persons be tested during population-based Chlamydia screening also for gonorrhoea or only if chlamydial infection is found?

BACKGROUND: Screening and active case finding for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is recommended to prevent reproductive morbidity. However insight in community prevalence of gonococcal infections and co-infections with Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG) is lacking. METHODS: Nested study within a large population-based Chlamydia Screening Pilot among 21.000 persons 15-29 year. All CT-positive (166) and a random sample of 605 CT-negative specimens were as well tested for gonococcal infection. RESULTS: Overall Chlamydia prevalence in the Pilot was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.7-2.3), highest in very urban settings (3.2%; 95% CI: 2.4-4.0) and dependent of several risk factors. Four gonococcal infections were found among 166 participants with CT infection (4/166 = 2.4%; 95% CI: 0.1%-4.7%). All four had several risk factors and reported symptoms. Among 605 CT-negative persons, no infection with NG could be confirmed. CONCLUSION: A low rate of co-infections and a very low community prevalence of gonococcal infections were found in this population based screening programme among young adults in the Netherlands. Population screening for asymptomatic gonococcal infections is not indicated in the Netherlands. Although co-infection with gonorrhoea among CT-positives is dependent on symptoms and well-known algorithms for elevated risks, we advise to test all CT-positives also for NG, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Does levodopa alter depression and psychopathology in Parkinsonism patients?

Twenty-seven Parkinsonism patients and 31 controls, matched for age and verbal IQ, were tested on an objectively scored personality test (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) at the beginning of the patients' levodopa therapy and three months later. Patients, but not the controls, were retested after 15 months of levodopa treatment. The patients, all of whom were intact intellectually, obtained MMPI scores indicating moderate depression before beginning levodopa treatment. There was no test evidence to indicate that levodopa significantly increased or decreased the amount of depression in the patients after three or 15 months of levodopa. The patient group, however, significantly increased their Index of Psychopathology (Ip) score after 15 months of levodopa but not after three months.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Reaction time during ageing and in cerebral arteriosclerosis (author's transl)].

Authors studied 142 test persons aged between 54 and 86 years who were, expected for arteriosclerosis, free of any other disease. Severity of arteriosclerosis was assessed by funduscopy and the test persons divided into four groups: without of arteriosclerosis, mild and medium arteriosclerosis, respectively, and severe arteriosclerosis. The automatic measurement of reaction time was repeated in the majority after certain interval. Results of the two examinations have been compared. It has been found that delay of reaction time showed substantial relationship with the severity of cerebral arteriosclerosis and exceeded the relationship with age. Longitudinal examination gave evidence that during aging delay of reaction time showed an even speed, i.e. age does not influence speed of delay. Contrariwise regression was found to be essentially more rapid in the groups with severe arteriosclerosis with poor incipient values.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Psychologic management of brace therapy for patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

STUDY DESIGN: A trial of brace therapy modified by a measured personality pattern of patients with idiopathic scoliosis was performed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of performing personality tests for patients with idiopathic scoliosis who undergo brace therapy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Brace therapy has often been used for the treatment of scoliosis. However, emotional distress can result from this therapy. Few attempts have been made to reduce such stress. METHODS: A test using the Maudsley Personality Inventory was performed on 145 adolescent females with idiopathic scoliosis, treated with brace therapy alone, before the start of brace therapy and 1 month after the start of brace therapy. On the basis of test results, the patients were rated as normal type and four abnormal types. Brace therapy was continued considering the personality pattern of patients. For all patients, changes in psychologic test results, compliance with braces wearing instructions, and correction of scoliosis were analyzed. RESULT: Of the 134 patients rated as normal before the start of therapy, 108 patients were rated as abnormal pattern when tested 1 month after the start of therapy. After performing autogenic training for patients with E-N+ and E-N- personalities, and giving advice to school teachers to decrease the emotional stress for patients with E+N+ personality, 47 patients were finally rated as abnormal pattern. In total, 12 (8%) of the 145 patients dropped out. In dropouts, the average pretreatment deformity of 29 degrees (range: 21 degrees -37 degrees ) had increased to an average of 37 degrees (range, 31 degrees -48 degrees ). CONCLUSION: Psychologic tests may be useful and provide a means of modifying brace therapy tailored to the psychologic conditions of individual patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Growth and development of male children and youth in Tuzla's region after the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

A four-year aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina was extremely unfavourable period for growth and development of children and youth. In spite of that, it is established that ontogeny of male children and youth (between 10.5-19.5 years) on the observed region is going well, and it is within the limits at the average European standards. By parallel analysis of growth of domestic and expatriate persons, it is established that the average (sum) values of almost it's all indexes are significantly bigger for domestic (object) inhabitants. However, after the end of growth, they become approximately the same. By comparison of indexes of growth and development of the tested sample and samples from 1980 (of the same population), the soft acceleration trend for majority (indexes) of parameters is established, what is mostly seen in postpuberty age. The tested persons in pre-puberty and puberty age had the same or even less average values comparing to the tested persons from 1980. This is probably a direct result of negative influence of exogenous factors (war vital conditions), which caused temporary stoppage in growth and development in that period of growth when growth is the most intensive. Despite the fact that war life conditions have negatively affected the growth and development of the subjects studied, it has been found that the development of male children and youth, meaning the growth of different parameters on the studied area were in synchrony.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The significance of low atmospheric pressure on the eyes with reference to soft contact lenses.

Many aircraft passengers wearing contact lenses have complained about visual disturbances, tearing and smarting of the eyes. This kind of discomfort has been named jet-set disease. The literature on this subject has been reviewed. Also my own study is reported. In that study seven test persons were examined during four hours in a decompression chamber. The atmospheric pressure was lowered to 560 millibars , which corresponds to an altitude of 4,000 metres. All test persons wore soft contact lenses. Objective symptoms were verified in four eyes after one hour and in all 14 eyes after three hours. The most serious objective findings were corneal erosions in 4 and opacities of corneal stroma in 10 eyes. The two investigators who did not wear contact lenses remained without both subjective and objective symptoms.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1976

[The number of subjects or patients in clinical pharmacological studies].

A technique permitting without preliminary informations the assessment of the minimal number of test persons or patients to be studied in clinicopharmacological investigations dealing with multiple variables (vital functions, laboratory data) is reported. The procedure is applicable to investigations using data recorded at different time intervals and concomitant variables (basic values at the start of the investigation, age, and body weight). The minimal number of test persons or patients is estimated from the results of a formal examination. In this examination is tested whether a multivariate analysis of a therapeutic effect using all data only once and simultaneously is based on sufficient degrees of freedom of the error variance.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1983

[Biologic availability of caffeine in subjects with regard to the variability of the elimination half life].

400 mg of caffeine and sodium salicylate (= 220 mg of caffeine) were given orally and intravenously (at an interval of one week) to six test persons. The serum levels were determined; and certain pharmacokinetic parameters were measured, using an open one-compartment model. Finally, the absolute bioavailability was calculated. With one of the test persons this experiment was repeated ten times to evaluate the extent of the intra-individual variability of the half-life period and its repercussions on bioavailability.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The Chernobyl fallout in Salzburg/Austria and its effect on blood chromosomes.

The radioactive fallout of the Chernobyl accident caused an increase in radiation dose of 20 to 110 per cent over the normal environmental burden to the inhabitans of Salzburg City in Austria (in a distance of about 1300 km from the accident). The structural chromosome aberration in the lymphocytes of the peripheral blood of 15 test-persons have been investigated one year after the accident. From two of these we know also the aberration frequencies before the accident which were significantly lower. The results from all test persons were pooled according to their Cs137 and Cs134 content, measured by whole body counter. Their mean additional blood doses from the incorporated caesium plus the external fallout radiation were 0.23, 0.36 and 0.55 mGy/yr. The aberration frequencies increased with dose. The slope of the best straight-line through the points was 2.0 +/- 0.7 total chromosome type aberrations in 100 metaphases per mGy/yr. This result fits in well with former investigations of persons with individually calculated radiation burden from the environment. The sharp increase with dose at this low level is not compatible with values extrapolated from high doses. The usual dose assessment based on chromosome aberrations extrapolated from high to low doses is therefore not possible in the range considered in this investigation.

Accidents↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of synthetic secretin and GIH-cholecystokinin on serum gastrin levels].

In response to the report of a false-positive increase in serum gastrin with the use of natural secretin (Boots), 11 test persons were enlisted in order to examine the effect of a new synthetic secretin (Hoechst), both alone and in combination with natural CCK, on serum gastrin concentration. 6 of the test persons were subjected to a randomised cross-over study under NaCl infusion. Under secretin (0 to 60 minutes) there was a significant fall in gastrin from 32 +/- 2.3 pg/ml to 23 +/- 2 pg/ml (p less than 0.01). When CCK was also administered (60 to 120 minutes) the gastrin level increased to 46 +/- 3.5 pg/ml (75 versus 0 minutes: p less than 0.01), 75 versus 60 minutes: p less than 0.001). At the end of the infusion the gastrin level had fallen significantly once more to 21 +/- 2 pg/ml (135 versus 120 minutes: p less than 0.001, 135 versus 0 minutes: p less than 0.01). On the basis of in vitro studies -- which revealed a cross-reaction of 2.4% - the increase in gastrin under CCK is not regarded as being due to cross-reaction with CCK but rather to contamination by other peptides.

Adult↗