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PubMed2005

Matricide by person with bipolar disorder and dependent overcompliant personality.

Matricide is an infrequent form of homicide. This paper is to present a case of matricide with typical characteristics of the act but interesting particularities as well. The perpetrator was a 43-year-old man, respected member of his community, with over compliant characteristics, eagerness in serving people and caring his parents, good social adaptation before and after the crime. He abandoned his family and work in order to better serve his old, disabled but over demanding mother who frequently insulted and humiliated him. Suddenly he came to a state of "mental confusion" and strangled her. After the crime, the perpetrator manifested the symptoms of a bipolar disorder and also received the diagnosis of dependant personality disorder. Years later, he presented again a crisis of escalating aggressive urge for which he was hospitalized. Many people and associations of his hometown actively demanded the minimal possible punishment for him. The case is discussed especially concerning: a) hypotheses about the aetiopathogeny of the act, b) the constant support provided to the perpetrator by his family and social environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Medical treatment for older persons and persons with disabilities: 1990 developments. National Legal Center Staff.

The United States Supreme Court reviewed cases involving eligibility standards for children with disabilities to receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits and a guardian's authority to withhold nutrition and hydration from a permanently disabled incompetent adult. The Americans with Disabilities Act, a major piece of civil rights legislation for persons with disabilities, promises to prohibit discrimination in all areas, including health services. Parents of infants with disabilities have appealed the dismissal of their claim under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act alleging denial of beneficial medical treatment to their children on the basis of disability. State courts continue to examine the rights of competent and incompetent patients, including "mature minors," to forgo life-sustaining treatment, including nutrition and hydration. In 1990, forty states and the District of Columbia had "living will" legislation, and nineteen states and the District of Columbia had durable power of attorney for health care laws; however, the provisions of these laws vary from state to state.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Simultaneous analyses of the Freiburg Personality Inventory short form, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Giessen Test and Berger Scales--a contribution to the diagnostic value of the scales in assessing self acceptance and acceptance of others].

To verify the diagnostical value of the German version of the Berger scales for assessing self acceptance and acceptance of others, the scales and the short form of the "Freiburger Persönlichkeits Inventar" (FPI-K), the German version of the EPI, and the Giessen-Test were presented to a sample of 107 subjects. The data were evaluated by item analysis, correlational analysis, factor analysis, and NMDS. The results--in some degree a replication of earlier studies--prove the practicability of both constructs: The self acceptance scale assesses a positive self-image with a strong extraverted component, the acceptance of others scale shows negative relations to the aggression scales of the FPI-K. Besides this the NMDS can demonstrate a component of social desirability. The integration of both constructs into traditional concepts of personality is discussed in connection with the NMDS.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

[Personality traits of persons with borderline arterial hypertension and patients with essential hypertension].

A study of 402 individuals with marginal arterial hypertension (MAH) and patients with essential hypertension (EH), stages 1, 2 and 3, demonstrated a variety of psychopathologic syndromes (hypochondria, anxiety, hysteria, depression, cardiophobia) in 52.8, 77.3, 82.5 and 80%, respectively. Specific personality features have been identified as pertaining to MAH (hyperthymism, sthenism, demonstrativeness, psychasthenia) and EH (psychasthenia, intraversion, cycloidy).

Character↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality development as a lifelong process and consequences for promoting personality development in advanced age].

The paper explains the fact, that personality development mainly depends on the requirements of life activity and derives possibilities for promoting development in old age. These possibilities are primarily seen in forming such life conditions and requirements of activity, which grant latitude for autonomous acting and deciding to the aged as much and as long as possible as well as encourage them to use it, thereby helping them to maintain or regain every kind of autonomy and activity still possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[The International Year of Disabled Persons: a physically handicapped person's retrospective and outlook (author's transl)].

Neither in the Federal Republic of Germany has the 1981 International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP) brought about what quite a few disabled people had expected it to. It could not possibly have done so. The problems of people with disabilities are so complex that one year alone is not enough to make society aware of all of them, not to speak of sensitising the disabled and the able-bodied towards getting on well with one another, to achieve which would improve the life situation of disabled people to an appreciable extent. Yet something good has come about, though perhaps not in terms of "measurable effect", namely an increased consideration for people with disabilities on the part of the able-bodied. And this is essential to the future of the disabled population. Beyond New Year's Eve 1981, it is up to the disabled (and many of them are in a position to do so) to keep alive the many initiatives and issues raised by IYDP, and to see to their continued discussion.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Swine influenza virus infections. Transmission from ill pigs to humans at a Wisconsin agricultural fair and subsequent probable person-to-person transmission.

In September 1988, a previously healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman was hospitalized for pneumonia and died 8 days later. The only pathogen detected was an influenza virus antigenically related to the swine influenza virus (SIV). Four days before illness onset, the patient visited a county fair swine exhibition where there was widespread influenzalike illness among the swine. To detect other persons who were possibly infected by contact with the ill swine, we measured serum SIV hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer in 25 swine exhibitors who were 9 to 19 years old. Nineteen (76%) had SIV hemagglutination-inhibition titers of 20 or greater. Antibody was undetectable in serum samples from 25 swine exhibitors from a neighboring county. Additional studies suggest that one to three health care personnel who had contact with the patient developed influenzalike illnesses with laboratory evidence of SIV infection. An outbreak of apparent SIV infection in swine resulted in multiple human infections, and, although no recognized community outbreak resulted, there was evidence of virus transmission from the patient to health care personnel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Personal control and coping effectiveness in spinal cord injured persons.

The relationship between personal control and coping effectiveness was studied in a convenience sample of 104 hospitalized spinal cord injured males. Control was conceptualized as participants' preference to control, their generalized expectation for control, and their perception of options to control. Depression was used as an indicator of level of coping effectiveness. Demographic data and participants' trait anxiety were included as possible correlates of the variables of interest. For those who preferred to control, perceived options to do so were negatively related to levels of depression regardless of locus of control orientation. Depression scores were unrelated to expected or perceived control for those without such a preference. Findings indicate that the significance of having control is an individualized matter. Detailed assessments may need to be devised if patients are to obtain maximum benefit from participating in their own care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

A family outbreak of cryptosporidiosis: Probable nosocomial infection and person-to-person transmission.

Cryptosporidium is an important cause of community gastroenteritis, usually associated with drinking contaminated water, visits to swimming pools or animal exposure. In immunocompetent patients, cryptosporidiosis is usually a self-limiting disease but it can be devastating illness in immunocompromised persons. This report presents a family outbreak of cryptosporidiosis and describes a probable nosocomial infection with Cryptosporidium in one patient and subsequent spread of the parasite among members of his family. The index patient, a 72-year-old man with hemiparesis after his third stroke, died after 28 days of persistent diarrhea. Control measures must be undertaken to prevent nosocomial transmission of cryptosporidial oocysts.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

A waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis with secondary person-to-person spread. Association with a viral agent.

In December, 1976, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a resort camp in Colorado. Data obtained by questionnaire from 760 persons indicated that 418 (55%) had had gastroenteritis at the camp or within a week of leaving it, with peak onset within a two-day period. Symptoms included vomiting (81%), diarrhoea (65%), and fever (49%); median duration of illness was twenty-four hours. The attack-rate increased with consumption of water or ice-containing beverages. The camp water supply was found to be inadequately chlorinated and contaminated by a leaking septic tank. Although routine laboratory tests did not reveal bacterial, viral, or parasitic pathogens, immune electron microscopy detected virus-like particles in two of five diarrhoeal stool filtrates. Oral administration of one of these bacteria-free filtrates to two volunteers induced a gastrointestinal illness similar to that observed in the camp visitors.

Camping↗
PubMed1998

Socialization and personal change: a personal construct psychology approach.

As we enter the world of work we are socialized into the role we are to perform, and also into the ethos of the organization where we are to work. This socialization is argued to be both a normative and individualistic process. Studies on socialization which concentrate on the social elements tend to identify the commonalities or normative aspects of this change. Studies which have analysed the cognitive elements tend to identify the idiosyncratic aspects of the change. This paper presents Kelly's theory of Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) as a technique for analysing this change which can identify both the normative and ideographic changes if these are present. This paper gives a brief account of the theory prior to concentrating on the specific treatment of self and change in self (the experience cycle). It is argued that use of PCP theory can assist in understanding not only the changes that occur during socialization, but also other changes, and training needs, that individuals may experience within their working life.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

A correction procedure for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 for persons with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a procedure that adjusts scoring of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) for the items related to spinal cord injury (SCI) that skew interpretations with this population, and to assess the accuracy of interpretations resulting from this procedure, standard MMPI-2 scoring, and a previously offered procedure. DESIGN: A criterion study with masked comparisons. SETTING: Hospital inpatient physical medicine and rehabilitation unit. PATIENTS: Thirty-four SCI patients between the ages of 18 and 77 years, 19 with complete SCI and 15 with incomplete SCI. OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one nurses, 23 physicians, and 17 psychologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Masked MMPI-2 profiles, judged by clinicians for accuracy. Paired t tests comparing profile scales. RESULTS: A correction procedure was arrived at for the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A incorporating adjustments for physical complaints frequently arising from SCI. The new procedure was judged superior to both the standard procedure and the previously offered procedure. Paired t tests of MMPI-2 scales showed that differences from scoring procedures were significant with many scales measuring significance at the p < .0001 level. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant changes in MMPI-2 profiles occur when somatic complaints related to SCI are corrected for. Preliminary results suggest that the application of the new correction procedure increases clinical accuracy.

Adult↗