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PubMed1980

Evaluation of an induced Pasteurella multocida swine pneumonia model.

A reproducible swine pneumonia model was developed, utilizing Pasteurella multocida (strain MSU 7) and a rapid endotracheal inoculating technique. The model provided a means of testing various factors, such as therapeutic agents that may influence the course of pulmonary pasteurellosis. In a series of experiments, 81 infected nonmedicated pigs had a morbidity of 96% and a mortality of 22%. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 62% of the lungs at necropsy; 86% of the lungs had gross lesions characteristic for strain MSU 7 pneumonic pasteurellosis when the pigs were necropsied 7 days after inoculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Investigations on the phylogeny of Pasteurella multocida: DNA base sequence relatedness among strains representing Carter's serogroups A through E, and elimination of biovar 6 (so-called dog-type strains) (author's transl)].

The phylogenetic relationships among strains of Pasteurella multocida representing Carter's serogroups A, B, (C), D and E, the type strain (which also represents serogroup A, and biovar 4), the indole-negative strain Schütze HS, and two "dog-type" strains (biovar 6) were investigated by DNA:DNA hybridization using the optical method. The genome DNAs of the "dog-type" strains were almost identical; they displayed, however, only 20% binding with the DNA of the type strain of P. multocida, and even lower or no measurable binding with the DNAs of the other strains tested. The taxon hitherto classified as biovar 6 of P. multocida is therefore considered as a distinct species; yet the data so far available do not rule out that it belongs to a genus other than Pasteurella sensu stricto. - The remaining strains exhibited high genome DNA relatedness, with between 64 and 98% DNA binding. The present data do not rule out the existence of molecular subspecies in P. multocida.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Further characterization of lipopolysaccharides from Pasteurella multocida].

The biological properties, sedimentation behaviour, and electron-optically visualised structures of lipopolysaccharides from Pasteurella multocida were found to be identical with lipopolysaccharides from Enterobacteriaceae. Hard evidence to the effect that lipopolysaccharides from Pasteurella multocida are R-lipopolysaccharides were produced by the composition of monosaccharides together with experiments on the basis of disc electrophoresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Selective media for Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica.

Easily prepared and inexpensive culture medium for the isolation of Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica from the nares of laboratory rabbits was prepared by incorporating 2 micrograms/ml clindamycin into standard blood agar. Using this medium, the time and materials required to identify and isolate Pasteurella multocida was substantially reduced with only a slight loss in sensitivity. The combination of 2 micrograms/ml clindamycin and 4 micrograms/ml neomycin was effective in isolating Bordetella bronchiseptica from rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Streptomycin-dependent mutants of a Pasteurella multocida strain isolated from poultry].

A culture of strain Pasteurella multocida 115, isolated from a hen affected with fowl cholera, was treated with 50 mcg/cm3 streptomycin and subjected to selection at an additional treatment with 200 mcg/cm3 of the same antibiotic. A total of 16 streptomycin-resistant mutant strains were obtained. All of them were shown to be avirulent in testing their pathogenicity for mice, however, two of the mutants were of lowered virulence in tests with birds. Fourteen days post vaccination birds that survived were challenged with 1000 LD of the initial wild strain 115. Two of the mutants only did not induce immunity. In cross immunologic testing of the birds with Pasteurella strains X73, 1059, 1662, and 3940 best immunologic properties showed mutants 115.2 and 115.3. In agglutination of sera from the vaccinated birds with HCl--and formalin-treated antigen of strain 115 the titers were low, ranging from 1:10 to 1:40.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Problems relating to the use of radioactively labelled bacteria in animal experiments. 3. Distribution of activities in mice, following parenteral administration of Pasteurella multocida labeled with various radionuclides].

When radioactively labelled fully developed Pasteurella (P.) multocida antigens were parenterally applied to mouse, through intravenous, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous routes, activity distribution was found to depend both the technique of application and the radionuclide used. This has given rise to the conclusion that activity distribution could be equated with whole-germ distribution only under certain conditions. Experimental antigen distribution, accordingly, reflected a complex process in which transport, location, and metabolism of bacteria had to be considered as being in conflict with the given host organism. Iodine labelled 125 was split off bacteria at relatively high rate and accumulated in the thyroid gland. When 59Fe was used, interpretation of distribution was rendered more difficult by propagation of iron through the organs of the host. Relatively favourable data were obtainable from the use of 3H or 14C which could be used in the form of nucleic acid precursors (orotic acid) in labelling Pasteurella. Intraperitoneal and intravenous forms of administration were found to be the same for intra-organic activity distribution. Retention of activity in liver, spleen, and lung was recordable and established from all the reviewed techniques for the application of P. multocida complete antigen. While maximum concentrations were measured between the first and third days, activities still were detectable after 14 days (period under review). Relatively high radioactivity was recordable from the digestive tract, within short time from the use of the parenteral procedures tested. This seemed to suggest passage of complete or incomplete P. multocida antigen through the mucous membranes of the gastro-intestinal tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A Pasteurella sp associated with respiratory disease in captive desert tortoises.

Bacteria isolated from captive healthy desert tortoises were compared with bacteria from captive tortoises with respiratory illness and with bacteria from free-ranging tortoises from the Mojave Desert. Major differences were not observed among these groups when bacteria from the mouth, nares, trachea, lungs, and cloaca were compared. Frequently encountered organisms in all 3 groups included: coagulase-negative, catalase-positive, gram-positive cocci; Corynebacterium sp; members of Enterobacteriaceae, including Proteus spp; and a bacterium apparently belonging to the genus Pasteurella. The Pasteurella sp was consistently found to be associated with respiratory lesions in captive tortoises with signs of respiratory disease but was also found to be part of the gastrointestinal and nasal flora of healthy tortoises. It was hypothesized that respiratory disease in captive desert tortoises involves a commensal bacterium with the potential to be an opportunistic pathogen when the tortoise is stressed by a captive environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolates from the nares of healthy rabbits with pneumonia.

Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 42 of the 135 (31%) deep nasal swabs from clinically healthy conventional rabbits supplied by two vendors. The prevalences were significantly different among sex, age, and sources. The females and adults had higher prevalences when compared to males and juveniles, respectively. One vendor's rabbits had a prevalence of 41% while the other had 20%. Biochemically, only 24% of the 42 isolates decarboxylated L-ornithine, and 55% produced indol. All isolates were sensitive in vitro to several of the commonly used antibiotics, but most isolates were resistant to lincomycin, streptomycin, and sulfonamides. Typing with a hyaluronidase inhibition test revealed that 28 of the 42 (67%) isolates were type A. Type A was the major type isolate, whether the samples came from healthy rabbits or from rabbits with pyogenic lesions. The acriflavine flocculation test showed that two of the 42 (5%) isolates were type D. Although none of the 42 isolates were positive to both hyalurondase and acriflavine tests, 12 of the 42 (29%) isolates were negative to both tests, indicating that these isolates were not typeable by these two methods. The demonstration of more than one capsular type of Pasteurella multocida in rabbits indicates the need for more extensive studies on this important rabbit pathogen.

Acriflavine↗
PubMed1995

Effects of various vaccination protocols on passive and active immunity to Pasteurella haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus in beef calves.

Two field trials were conducted in a beef cow herd in Saskatchewan to determine the effectiveness of a combined Pasteurella haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus vaccine in increasing passively and actively acquired antibodies in beef calves. Vaccination of dams at 4 and/or 7 weeks prepartum was associated with increased antibody titers to P. haemolytica and H. somnus in their serum (P < 0.05), colostrum(P < 0.05), and serum of their calves at 3 days and 1 month of age (P < 0.05). There was no significant(P > 0.05) difference in antibody titers in the colostrum and serum of calves from single or double vaccinated dams. Calves vaccinated at 1 and 2 months of age in the face of maternal antibodies toP. haemolytica and H. somnus had significantly(P < 0.05) higher antibodies to P. haemolytica and H. somnus at 4 and 6 months of age than did unvaccinated calves. Calves vaccinated at 3 and 4 months of age in the face of low levels of preexisting antibodies had significantly (P < 0.05) higher antibodies toP. haemolytica at 5 months of age and to H. somnus at 5 and 6 months of age than did unvaccinated calves. Calves vaccinated once at 4 months of age had significantly(P < 0.05) higher antibody titers toP. haemolytica and H. somnus at 4.5 months of age than did unvaccinated calves, but this difference was not apparent at 6 months of age. These results suggest that vaccination of beef cows with a combined Pasteurella haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus vaccine once at 4 weeks prepartum will significantly (P < 0.05) increase passive antibody titers toP. haemolytica and H. somnus in their calves. Double vaccination of calves with preexisting maternal antibodies at 1 and 2 months of age will increase antibody titers to P. haemolytica and H. somnus until 6 months of age. Vaccination of beef calves with low levels of preexisting antibody at 3 and 4 months of age will increase antibody titers to H. somnus until 6 months of age and to P. haemolytica until 5 months of age.However, the level of antibodies achieved by vaccination may depend on the calves being studied, the level of preexisting antibodies, and the efficiency of passive transfer.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin. Comparison with others active antibiotics against Pasteurella multocida].

Bactericidal activities of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin were compared to other antibiotics active against human isolates of Pasteurella multocida. Three human isolates of Pasteurella multocida were used for killing-curve studies with ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin comparatively to others antibiotics. At 2x the MIC, ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin exhibited a killing of more than 99.9% of the initial viable cells that was achieved within 6 h of incubation. These activities were faster than those of amoxycillin and cefpodoxime. No regrowth was observed after 24 h of incubation. Doxycycline and clarithromycin used at MICx2 had no bactericidal activities. It was concluded that fluoroquinolones, namely ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin, can be considered having good bactericidal activity against P. multocida.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1994

Passive immunity to Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in dairy calves: effects of preparturient vaccination of the dams.

Dairy cows from five herds were assigned to receive a commercial Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine or no vaccine at all, administered at six and three weeks before parturition. Vaccination was associated with increased leukotoxin neutralizing serum antibody titers in the dams (p < 0.001), and with increased titers in colostrum (p < 0.001). Vaccination of dams also had a significant association with increased passive leukotoxin neutralizing antibody titers in their calves (p < 0.001). Vaccination was also associated with increased indirect agglutinating antibody titers in serum of the dams (p < 0.001). In the analysis of agglutinating antibody titers in colostral whey the interaction "vaccination*herd" was found to be significant (p < 0.001), indicating that the effects of vaccination on colostral titers were not consistent from herd to herd. The analysis was repeated, stratifying by herd. Vaccination was associated with increased agglutinating antibody titers in colostrum (p < 0.05) in three herds of the five in the study. In two of these three herds there were significant increases in passive neonatal titers associated with vaccination. In the remaining herd the mean IgG1 level in the calves was consistent with failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins (IgG1 < 8.0 g/L). These results suggest that preparturient vaccination of dairy cows can induce modest increases in passive antibody titers to antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica in their calves, but the antigen of interest and the population being studied can affect the outcome.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Detection of toxin-producing types of Pasteurella multocida--a comparison of methods].

28 Pasteurella multocida strains were examined for production of toxin by 6 different methods. Identical results were obtained using a mice lethality test, a tissue cell culture assay and an ELISA. Different results were received with a dot-blot-immunoassay (1 strain), using a gene probe (6 strains) and a guinea pig skin test (8 strains). Corresponding differences were detected with 2 strains only. Tissue culture, ELISA and dot-blot-immunoassay are effective methods for the diagnosis of toxin-producing Pasteurella multocida strains. Animal experiments should be an exception.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The distribution of Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes among cattle, sheep, and goats in South Africa and their association with diseases.

Over an 8-year period (September 1986 to March 1994), a total of 497 organ specimens from sheep and goats and 96 from cattle, were received for their isolation of Pasteurella haemolytica. They were collected in seven geographical areas in South Africa (as it existed before the April 1994 elections). These areas include the eastern Cape, Transvaal (new name: Gauteng), Nambia, Orange Free State (new name: Free State), Natal (new name: KwaZulu-Natal), western Cape and the northern Cape. This investigation does not represent the statistical incidence of the organism from each region, only the distribution of serotypes isolated from organ specimens submitted from diseased animals in these regions. Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 6 was the most prevalent type isolated from sheep and goats, but was followed closely by types 9 and 2. From cattle, P. haemolytica serotype 1 comprised 39% of the isolates. In sheep and goats, the majority of serotypes were associated with pneumonia, followed by gangrenous mastitis ("blue udder") and septicaemia. The situation in cattle was similar regarding the incidence of pneumonia followed by septicaemia. Up to 33% of the isolates from cattle and sheep specimens were non-typeable.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Biochemical properties of different serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica].

Studied were the morphologic and biochemic properties of 85 Pasteurella haemolytica strains belonging to the known 12 serotypes after Biberstein, Gills (2). The biochemical properties of the strains were studied after the pattern of Bosworth and Lovell (4) with regard to arabinose, trehalose, xylose, manose, salysin, and lactose. It was found that the biochemical properties correlated with the biotype classification of the strains. Thus, the biochemical reaction with trehalose and arabinose may be used as a characteristic feature in determining the biotype. The reaction proved more dependable with the strains of the T biotype as compared to those of the A biotype, as not all strains of the A biotype fermented arabinose in the course of the first seven days, while with the strains of the T biotype trehalose was acted upon during such a period. It was also established that xylose is attacked by the strains of the A biotype only, and manose and salycin--by the strains of the T biotype, which did not ferment lactose. All strains of Pasteurella haemolytica turned out to be negative so far as the production and indol was concerned; they were shown to reduce the nitrates into nitrites, were MP and VP negative, and gave growth in McConkey's agar medium.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Altered endothelium-dependent alpha-adrenergic vascular reactivity following exposure to Pasteurella haemolytica antigens.

Rats were injected with sterile saline (controls), 10(5) cfu of Pasteurella haemolytica (biotype A) obtained from a commercial vaccine, or a commercial Pasteurella leukotoxoid vaccine. Three days after vaccination, the animals were killed and the thoracic aorta was removed. In some experiments the vascular endothelium was mechanically removed. Each isolated aorta was placed in a tissue bath and the biophysical responses to methoxamine (alpha-1 agonist) were determined. In separate experiments the endothelial surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy. In endothelium-intact vessels both vaccines appeared to enhance the contractile response to methoxamine. On the other hand, in endothelial-denuded vessels, the methoxamine-mediated contractile response was enhanced in the P. haemolytica-treated group but not in animals vaccinated with leukotoxoid. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed deposition of a fibrin-like material on the endothelial surface of vaccinated animals. These results suggest that exposure to vaccine-derived P. haemolytica antigens alters the morphology and adrenergic responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The isolation of recombinant plasmids expressing secreted antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 and the characterization of an immunogenic 60 kDa antigen.

A collection of recombinant plasmids had been isolated which express secreted antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 likely to be important in protection. The recombinant Escherichia coli clones were found to express the P. haemolytica A1 antigens by Western immunoblot analysis, using sera from calves which had been vaccinated with Presponse and were subsequently resistant to experimental challenge with P. haemolytica A1. Detailed analysis of three of the recombinant plasmids (pGS1-17, pGS3-19 and pSA1-50) showed that they all carry the same 4.2 kbp insert DNA. E. coli clones which carry the recombinant plasmids all express a strongly antigenic protein of approximately 60 kDa. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned DNA showed that it codes for a polypeptide with an estimated M.W. of 60.8 kDa. A partial clone of this gene has been reported previously and an antibody response to the antigen was shown to be significantly correlated to resistance to disease. This gene was found to be present in only the A biotypes of P. haemolytica and not in the T biotypes, which have been reclassified Pasteurella trehalosi. This demonstrates that this recombinant plasmid collection codes for antigens of P. haemolytica A1 important to protection and warrants further characterization to identify additional recombinant antigens.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Pulmonary venous thrombosis in caprine Pasteurella pneumonia.

A 3-year-old Angora goat that developed acute fibrinous pleuropneumonia associated with Pasteurella haemolytica infection had thrombotic occlusion of a large pulmonary vein. Thrombosis of pulmonary capillaries occurs in pneumonic pasteurellosis, but large vessels are not commonly affected. This unusual lesion may reflect the procoagulant effect of pasteurella endotoxin on vascular endothelium. An incidental observation was the presence of myocardial-type muscle fibres in the tunica media of the pulmonary vein.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Bovine platelet adhesion is enhanced by leukotoxin and sialoglycoprotease isolated from Pasteurella haemolytica A1 cultures.

Platelet and fibrin deposits are among characteristic changes observed in lung alveoli of cattle with pasteurellosis induced by Pasteurella haemolytica (biotype A, serotype 1). To determine whether the platelet function could be directly affected by protein products produced by the bacterium, the effects of leukotoxin and O-sialoglycoprotease, culture supernatant antigen secreted by Pasteurella haemolytica A1, on bovine platelet activation were examined by evaluating the enhancement of platelet adhesion to a negatively charged surface relative to untreated control samples. The glycoprotease, or the leukotoxin, was added to plasma free suspensions of bovine platelets and platelet adhesion assessed by two parameters: (i) the number of 3H-adenine-labeled adherent platelets and (ii) the morphology of unlabeled platelets adhering to the charged surface under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the presence of calcium, the glycoprotease produced a dose-dependent increase in adhesion. At a concentration of 4.0 micrograms glycoprotease extract protein per 10(7) platelets, a 2-fold increase in adhesion was observed which was similar to the increase in adhesion induced by 0.10 units of thrombin, a known platelet agonist. Both increased platelet adhesion and platelet aggregation were observed with 0.8 microgram glycoprotease extract protein in the presence of calcium. The response of the bovine platelet suspensions to leukotoxin extract protein was dependent on the dosage of the leukotoxin. Adhesion was enhanced at dosages of 25 micrograms leukotoxin protein per 10(7) platelets and below, while at dosages of 50 micrograms and above adhesion was suppressed. Thus, the two proteins secreted by P. haemolytica may interact directly with bovine platelets to initiate platelet aggregation and fibrin formation in alveolar tissue in pneumonic pasteurellosis.

Animals↗