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Results for “Ovulation Detection”

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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Plasminogen in peritoneal fluid: a possible nonsteroidal indicator of ovulation.

Plasminogen levels in peritoneal fluid were evaluated in 40 fertile women with regular ovulatory cycles. Fifteen samples were obtained before ovulation and 25 samples after ovulation. Plasminogen content and concentration in postovulatory peritoneal fluid was 0.84 +/- 0.10 mg and 6.1 +/- 0.57 mg/dl, respectively. These values were significantly higher than in the preovulatory peritoneal fluid, which were 0.36 +/- 0.12 mg (P less than 0.005) and 3.5 +/- 0.33 mg/dl, (P less than 0.001), respectively. Estradiol and progesterone (P) concentrations in peritoneal fluid were significantly higher after ovulation (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). P concentration in serum and peritoneal fluid showed a linear correlation (P less than 0.05). Peritoneal fluid plasminogen is significantly elevated after ovulation and may be a nonsteroidal marker for follicular rupture and oocyte extrusion.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1986

A simple and effective technique for increasing pregnancy rates in couples with retrograde ejaculation.

Seven of 12 patients with retrograde ejaculation, who had at least occasional samples with reasonable sperm numbers and motility, underwent a protocol including luteinizing hormone-timed, intrauterine insemination with washed sperm recovered from the urine. Seven pregnancies have occurred to date in six patients; the one other patient is still early in the protocol period. The described technique for collecting sperm, ovulation timing, sperm recovery, and washing and intrauterine insemination are relatively simple and cost-effective and appear to be effective in contributing to pregnancies in many couples with retrograde ejaculation.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of a simple and fast self-test for urine luteinizing hormone.

Ovulation can be predicted by measuring the midcycle urine luteinizing hormone surge with a simple 5-minute enzyme-immunoassay. This assay has proved to be suitable for self-tests with a sensitivity of about 90% and a specificity of 100% in unstimulated and clomiphene citrate stimulated cycles. Whereas a reference method (hemagglutination test) yielded better sensitivity, its specificity was markedly worse. Self-tests carried out by patients and control laboratory tests showed an excellent correlation. Patient compliance with self-tests should not be taken for granted.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Computer-assisted observations of the normal menstrual cycle: predicting the day of ovulation.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a probabilistic computer model to predict the preovulatory days of the menstrual cycle by given hormonal parameters such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P). DESIGN: A computerized analysis program is specifically designed for the normal human menstrual cycle. The algorithm of this model incorporates the statistical aspects and the daily variations of FSH, LH, E2, and P. PATIENTS: This study includes 16 healthy fertile women with ovulatory cycles. INTERVENTIONS: Daily venous blood samples were collected from each subject from the first to the last day of the menstrual cycle. Radioimmunoassays were used to measure the four hormones in each blood sample. RESULTS: The computer implementation of this menu driven code that is flexible to accommodate differences in the hormone measurement procedures was accomplished. The distribution of measured hormone concentrations was validated to be normal. The best estimation of the ovulation day was highly dependent on the use of the band width (acceptable range) of the daily SD, which was +/- 1.45 in our laboratory. CONCLUSION: This computer model, heretofore named the CESME (Computer Enhanced Systems in Medicine and Engineering) developed by two of the authors, Ger and Karamete, with its reconfigurability enables the user to adopt the program to the normal values in their laboratory and use its clinically for predicting the probable periovulatory day(s) of the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The relationship between follicle-stimulating hormone dose and level and its relevance for ovulation induction with adjuvant gonadotropin-releasing hormone-agonist treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) on the FSH threshold level and the relationship between the FSH dose and the FSH level of patients suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: The stimulation with low-dose FSH in PCOS (group 1) was compared with the subsequently performed stimulation with low-dose FSH combined with GnRH-a in another group of patients suffering from the same syndrome (group 2). SETTING: Specialist Reproductive Endocrine Unit. PATIENTS: Suffering from clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The FSH threshold level for ongoing follicular growth and the relationship between dose and level of FSH. RESULTS: In 15 patients in group 1 and in 13 patients in group 2, respectively, 39 and 32 stimulation cycles were performed. Below and above threshold values of FSH of group 1 and 2 did not differ significantly. For the equation stable level of FSH (Y mIU/mL) = A X infusion rate of FSH (X IU/24 h) + basal level of FSH (B mIU/mL), the median A of group 1 was 0.027 and A of group 2 was 0.055 (significant difference). CONCLUSIONS: In PCOS, a change of the FSH threshold level for ongoing follicular growth induced by the GnRH-a could neither be proven nor ruled out. The use of a GnRH-a resulted in larger FSH level increases per IU/24 h of FSH administered and might therefore interfere with the effect of low-dose FSH treatment.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMed1988

Therapeutic donor insemination: the impact of insemination timing with the aid of a urinary luteinizing hormone immunoassay.

The records of 120 patients undergoing therapeutic donor insemination were reviewed to determine if the use of the enzyme immunoassay of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) to plan inseminations decreased the number of cycles required to achieve conception. All inseminations were performed with fresh semen. Patients in group 1 (n = 26) utilized urinary LH testing in addition to basal body temperature (BBT) and cervical mucus examinations to time their inseminations, while inseminations in group 2 (n = 94) were timed with only BBT and cervical mucus examinations. The monthly fecundability of patients in group 1 was 0.13, whereas the monthly fecundability of patients in group 2 was 0.11. The mean number of inseminations was 1.4 and 1.6 per cycle for groups 1 and 2, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 in regard to the number of cycles required to achieve conception. The use of a urinary LH immunoassay for insemination timing offers no benefit over conventional methods of timing (BBT, cervical mucus) when fresh donor semen is used.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Infertility. A clinical guide for the internist.

Infertility is a common condition that internists practicing primary care may increasingly encounter. Abnormal male semen parameters, ovulation disorders, and tubal dysfunction account for most cases of infertility. By performing a complete initial evaluation and through appropriate and timely referral, internists can contribute to the care and improve outcomes for couples with this condition (Table 9).

Female↗
PubMed2002

Timing intercourse to achieve pregnancy: current evidence.

Physicians who counsel women for preconception concerns are in an excellent position to give advice to couples regarding the optimal timing of intercourse to achieve pregnancy. The currently available evidence suggests that methods that prospectively identify the window of fertility are likely to be more effective for optimally timing intercourse than calendar calculations or basal body temperature. There are several promising methods with good scientific bases to identify the fertile window prospectively. These include fertility charting of vaginal discharge and a commercially available fertility monitor. These methods identify the occurrence of ovulation clinically and also identify a longer window of fertility than urinary luteinizing hormone kits. Prospectively identifying the full window of fertility may lead to higher rates of conception. Proper information given early in the course of trying to achieve pregnancy is likely to reduce time to conception for many couples, and also to reduce unnecessary intervention and cost.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Vulvar mucus observations and the probability of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the day-specific and cycle-specific probabilities of conception leading to clinical pregnancy, in relation to the timing of intercourse and vulvar mucus observations. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of women beginning use of the Creighton Model Fertility Care System in Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, and California. Data were abstracted from Creighton Model Fertility Care System records, including women's daily standardized vulvar observations of cervical mucus discharge, days of intercourse, and clinically evident pregnancy (conception). Established statistical models were used to estimate day-specific probabilities of conception. RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 1681 cycles with 81 conceptions from 309 normally fertile couples (initially seeking to avoid pregnancy) and from 373 cycles with 30 conceptions from 117 subfertile couples (who were initially trying to achieve pregnancy). The highest probability of pregnancy occurred on the peak day of vulvar mucus observation (.38 for normally fertile couples and.14 for subfertile couples). The probability of pregnancy was greater than.05 for normally fertile couples from 3 days before to 2 days after the peak, and for subfertile couples from 1 day before to 1 day after the peak. The cycle-specific probability of conception correlated with the quality of mucus discharge in normally fertile couples but not in subfertile couples. CONCLUSION: Standardized vulvar observations of vaginal mucus discharge identify the days with the greatest likelihood of conception from intercourse in normal fertility and subfertility and provide an indicator of the overall potential for conception in a given menstrual cycle in normal fertility.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed2003

Hormonal monitoring of ovarian activity using the Ovarian Monitor, part I. Validation of home and laboratory results obtained during ovulatory cycles by comparison with radioimmunoassay.

A study was conducted to determine the accuracy and reliability of the Home Ovarian Monitor for measuring estrone glucuronide (E1G) and pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) during ovulatory cycles as a means of monitoring ovarian activity. Approximately 60 ovulating women in three centres collected timed specimens of urine (3h or more) for a total of six cycles each. The women measured the E1G and PdG excretion per 24h in their urine specimens using the Monitor. A local laboratory using the Monitor also measured the excretion. Urine specimens from 18 to 19 cycles were sent frozen to the WHO Reference Laboratory in London where they were analysed for E1G and PdG by the Monitor and by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The correlation coefficients between the Monitor and radioimmunoassay results obtained in London were better than 0.84 in 80% of the cycles. A urine bias caused the Monitor E1G results to be higher than those obtained by radioimmunoassay but the daily patterns were the same. In 50% of the cycles, this bias caused a delay of up to 3 days in identifying the beginning of the E1G rise compared with radioimmunoassay. Timing of the preovulatory E1G peak and the postovulatory PdG rise agreed within the experimental errors of the two systems. The study confirmed that women using the Monitor at home obtained results that were as accurate as those obtained by laboratory procedures. Careful supervision was required to maintain laboratory levels of quality control and interpretation of results.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ultrasonographic characterization of ovarian events and fetal gestational parameters in two southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) and correlation to fecal progesterone.

A tremendous potential exists for the application of transrectal ultrasonography as a tool to enhance the captive management of endangered species. Reproductive study of two southern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) females was performed daily to every other day for a approximately 60 day period to document ovarian changes, and three times weekly in early pregnancy to once monthly in late pregnancy in order to characterize changes in fetal parameters throughout gestation. All ovarian and fetal anatomical structures were measured in millimeters. The mean (+/- SD) length of the estrous cycle or interovulatory period was 26 +/- 1.4 days (n=2 cycles). Follicular growth rate of a dominant follicle was approximately 3 mm/day once the follicle reached 35 mm in diameter. Ovulation was observed to occur at a mean (+/- SD) follicular diameter of 49.5 +/- 2.6 mm (n=4) and within 48 to 72 h after observed estrus (n=2). Large ovarian structures [mean (+/- SD) diameter of 71.7 +/- 2.9 mm; n=3], considered analogous to equine anovulatory hemorrhagic follicles, were observed to form in the winter months and suggest seasonal periods of reduced fertility. Fecal progesterone assays confirmed ultrasonographic events. Although preliminary, the results of fetal sexing are presented and compared to the horse. Our data indicate that fetal eye or fetal foot diameter measurements can be used to accurately predict gestational age from about 2 months to term, providing useful information to managers of both captive and wild rhino populations. The ability to identify and quickly release animals in late term pregnancy in the wild and thereby reduce-abortions and neonatal mortalities in holding bomas is one potential practical conservation benefit of the fetal age predictive models.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Papanicolaou staining of exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells facilitates the prediction of ovulation in the giant panda.

The giant panda is seasonally monoestrus, experiencing a single estrous with spontaneous ovulation in the spring. Therefore, accurate monitoring of the estrous cycle to pinpoint the time of ovulation is critical for the success of timed mating or artificial insemination. Analysis of exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells is a simple technique that rapidly yields information about the estrous status of a panda. Vaginal swabs were obtained during five estrous cycles of two nulliparous females. Cells were stained with the trichrome Papanicolaou and classified as basophils, intermediates or superficials. The color of stained cells, basophilic, acidophilic or keratinized, was recorded as a characteristic independent of the three standard cell types. The day urinary conjugates of estrogen fell from peak levels was considered the day of ovulation. A chromic shift occurred 8-9 days before ovulation when the majority of exfoliated vaginal cells changed from basophilic (blue) to acidophilic (pink) without accompanying nuclear or cytoplasmic changes. A second chromic shift was consistently observed 2 days prior to ovulation when keratinized (orange) cells replaced acidophils as the majority of vaginal cells. Monochrome staining of vaginal cells is sufficient to quantify superficial cells, which is a useful adjunct to behavioral and endocrinological data in determining estrous in the giant panda. However, the timing and duration of superficial cell elevations are substantially different between and within individual females, which limits the accuracy of timing ovulation for artificial insemination. The predictive value of vaginal cytology was greatly enhanced with the trichrome stain and evaluation of cell color.

Animals↗