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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

"Ovarian vascular pedicle" sign revealing organ of origin of a pelvic mass lesion on helical CT.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the "ovarian vascular pedicle" sign as a way of differentiating ovarian from subserosal uterine lesions on single-detector helical CT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 131 patients who had a pelvic mass suspected of originating in the ovary or subserosal zone of the uterus and had undergone helical CT before surgery. A total of 108 ovarian lesions and 23 subserosal uterine myomas were confirmed. CT images were analyzed prospectively by consensus of two radiologists who thoroughly evaluated the retrograde tracing of the gonadal veins to the ovary or pelvic mass. To assess the value of analyzing the ovarian vascular pedicle sign in identifying the organ of origin of a pelvic mass, we compared statistical proportions for the frequencies of the sign in ovarian tumors and subserosal uterine myomas by performing the chi-square test. The probabilities for the presence of the ovarian vascular pedicle sign as a positive finding for a pelvic mass of ovarian origin were calculated. RESULTS: The presence of the ovarian vascular pedicle sign was identified in 92% (99/108) of ovarian masses and in 13% (3/23) of subserosal uterine myomas. The sign was statistically significant (p < 0.01) for differentiating a mass of ovarian origin from a mass of subserosal uterine origin. When the ovarian vascular pedicle sign on helical CT confirmed the ovarian origin, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were 92% (99/108), 87% (20/23), 97% (99/102), 69% (20/29), and 91% (119/131), respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of the ovarian vascular pedicle sign on helical CT is valuable for confirming the ovarian origin of a pelvic tumor and for differentiating an ovarian tumor from subserosal uterine myoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A morphological study on the human obturator externus muscle with reference to anomalous muscle and anomalous fasciculus originating from the obturator externus muscle.

To elucidate the essential nature of the human obturator externus muscle (OE), the gross anatomy of the anomalous muscle and anomalous fasciculus originating from this muscle as well as the posterior division of the obturator nerve (P) were examined in 73 thighs of 45 Japanese adult cadavers. The investigation of anomalous muscle and anomalous fasciculus was effected by observation of the supernumerary muscular branch and supernumerary muscular twig from the P. The anomalous muscle occurring between the adductor brevis muscle (AB) and adductor minimus muscle (AMi) (37/73 thighs; 50.7%) and the anomalous fasciculus fused to the posterior surface of the AMi (18/73 thighs; 24.7%) were detected. It was demonstrated by the course of the P and the suppling nerve, that the OE was divided into its superior fasciculus (or fasciculi) (SF) and main belly by the P, moreover the anomalous muscle originated from the former and the anomalous fasciculus from the latter. Presumably, in the process of ontogeny, the SF of the original OE retained its original morphology (23/73 thighs; 31.5%), a part of the SF was converted to anomalous muscle (27/73 thighs; 37.0%), the entire SF was converted to anomalous muscle (10/73 thighs; 13.7%), and the entire SF underwent retrogression and disappeared (13/73 thighs; 17.8%). The presence (50/73 thighs; 68.5%) or absence (23/73 thighs; 31.5%) of piercing of the OE by the P seemed to depend upon the circumstances surrounding the morphological change in the SF. The original OE was considered to occur as an OE pierced by the P not possessing any supernumerary muscular branch or twig. Actually, the original OE was confirmed to occur with a low frequency (15/73 thighs; 20.5%). It was inferred that the original OE readily underwent variation in the process of ontogeny due to the influence of the obturator nerve. The segmental composition of the obturator nerve was considered not to be involved in the morphological change in the OE.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Genetic origin analysis of hydatidiform mole and non-molar abortion using the polymerase chain reaction method.

OBJECTIVES: The study attempts to determine the genetic origin of hydatidiform mole and non-molar abortion using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and reevaluates this method as a possible diagnostic tool for hydatidiform mole. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 71 cases which consists of 21 complete hydatidiform moles, three partial hydatidiform moles, and 47 non-molar abortions were investigated. The genetic origin was analyzed by the PCR method applied to the variable number of tandem repeat regions of the Apolipoprotein B gene, the human type-II collagen gene, and the probe YNZ22. Chromosomal analysis was also performed. RESULTS: Genetic origin was determined in 58 out of 71 cases (83.1%). All of the complete hydatidiform moles were androgenic, having only paternal alleles. On the other hand, all the partial hydatidiform moles and non-molar abortions revealed clear biparental contribution. Besides triploid partial hydatidiform moles, one non-molar abortion showed two paternal and one maternal complements. CONCLUSIONS: Our results were compatible with the classical theory of androgenic origin of complete hydatidiform mole; only complete hydatidiform mole is caused by androgenesis. We also found no complete hydatidiform mole of biparental origin. In conclusion, this PCR method brings a new aspect of genetic origin in the diagnosis of trophoblastic disease. It would be interesting to explore how morphologic subgrouping and genetic origin relate to the prognosis of trophoblastic disease.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1994

Differences in the synthesis of secreted proteins in human retinal endothelial cells of diabetic and nondiabetic origin.

Protein synthesis and deposition by vascular endothelial cells play an important role in the neovascularization seen in diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, we have compared the pattern of protein accumulation in human retinal endothelial cells derived from diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Confluent cultures of retinal endothelial cells were incubated for 18 h with a mixture of radiolabeled methionine and cysteine. Under basal conditions, without the addition of growth factors, diabetic retinal endothelial cells accumulated less radiolabeled protein than did cells of nondiabetic origin. Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) enhanced protein accumulation in cells of diabetic origin, but not in cells of nondiabetic origin. Analysis of radiolabeled proteins in the secreted fraction by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed prominent protein bands at 220 and 49.5 kD in both diabetic and nondiabetic cultures that were identified by immunoblot analysis as fibronectin and a mixture of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), respectively. The levels of PAI-1 were higher in the secreted fractions of diabetic cultures than in nondiabetic cultures. SDS-PAGE and autoradiography of the secreted fraction also revealed two protein components of approximate molecular weight 440 and 78 kD, which were present in fractions of diabetic origin but absent in those of nondiabetic origin. Our studies support unique differences in protein expression in cells of diabetic vs. nondiabetic origin in response to EGF and bFGF and identify two proteins exclusively expressed by cells of diabetic origin.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Primary angioplasty in acute inferior myocardial infarction with anomalous-origin right coronary arteries as infarct-related arteries: focus on anatomic and clinical features, outcomes, selection of guiding catheters and management.

BACKGROUND: Inferior wall myocardial infarction caused by obstruction of an anomalous-origin right coronary artery (RCA) is a rare angiographic finding; primary angioplasty to an anomalous-origin RCA has never been reported. METHODS: In 185 patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction resulting from RCA occlusion who underwent primary angioplasty, eight patients (4.3%) had anomalous-origin RCAs. RESULTS: Coronary angiography showed that all 8 patients had a dominant RCA. Six patients (75%) had an anomalous-origin RCA arising from the anterior aspect of the ascending aorta above the sinotubular line and the other 2 patients (25%) had an anomalous-origin RCA arising from the left sinus of Valsalva with a separate ostium from the left main coronary artery. The standard Judkins right guiding catheter did not offer adequate support in these patients. In the group of 6 patients, an Amplatz guiding catheter offered good support, while a standard Judkins left guiding catheter was adequate in the other 2 patients. Obstruction of the proximal RCA occurred in 6 patients (75%). Successful reperfusion was achieved in 6 patients (75%), resulting in an uneventful clinical course and long-term survival (mean follow-up, 24.9 +/- 16.5 months). Two patients (25%) had unsuccessful reperfusion and died from cardiogenic shock. CONCLUSIONS: In this small series, anomalous-origin RCAs were the dominant artery and predisposed to atherosclerosis at the proximal portions. We suggest that appropriate guide catheter selection and careful manipulation are essential for the success of revascularization. Complete reperfusion results in an excellent clinical and long-term outcome in patients with anomalous-origin RCAs.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2001

Antitumor drug adozelesin differentially affects active and silent origins of DNA replication in yeast checkpoint kinase mutants.

The antitumor drug adozelesin is a potent cytotoxic DNA-damaging agent. Here we determined how adozelesin affects chromosomal DNA replication at a molecular level in a yeast model system and examined the influence of checkpoint kinase genes, the human homologues of which are mutated in cancer. Analysis of replication intermediates using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that adozelesin inhibited the activity of a replication origin and stalled replication fork progression through chromosomal DNA at the origin. RAD53 and MEC1 protein kinase genes, homologues of human CHK2 and ATM, respectively, regulate an intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint and, when mutated, permit unchecked replication of damaged DNA in S-phase. Mutations in these genes did not abrogate adozelesin-induced inhibition of origin activity and fork progression at the replication origin. However, novel replication intermediates indicative of DNA breaks were detected only in the rad53 mutant, suggesting a role for the wild-type gene in maintaining chromosome integrity in the presence of the drug. In contrast to the inhibition of the active replication origin by adozelesin, normally silent origins present in the same chromosome were activated by adozelesin in rad53 and mec1 mutant cells. Thus, an antitumor drug that damages DNA can induce an abnormal replication pattern in a chromosome by activating silent origins, depending upon defects in yeast checkpoint kinase genes, the homologues of which are mutated in cancer. Implications of an abnormal replication pattern for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression are discussed.

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating↗
PubMed2001

[Ontogenetic origin of the human individual from his genome].

Diverse propositions about the ontogenetic origin of a live organism, specially human beings, are examined. Unambiguous and objective propositions about this origin are that a live organism is an ontogenetically programmed and integrated organisation, that the origin condition has the greater influence on other processes, that in pluricellular organisms, no organ or tissue can be considered critical to establish origins and that the origin must be established by endogenous elements. Several hypotheses about the origin of life are discarded. The integration between oocyte cytoplasm and the genetic material that it receives, that culminates in the first genome replication, is proposed as the process that gives origin to the individual. This process occurs in all living organisms.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed2003

[Two cases of severe vertigo occasioned by neck rotation and its correlation with the direction of vertebral artery at its origin].

We report two cases of severe vertigo with neck rotation. The first case is that of a 54-year-old woman. She suffered from severe vertigo during neck rotation to the right. Angiography demonstrated that the origin of the left vertebral artery (VA) became kinked when she turned her head to the right. The second case is that of a 59-year-old man. He suffered from severe vertigo during neck rotation to the left. Angiography demonstrated that the kink in the right VA at its origin became worse with the patient's turning his head to the left. We resected nerve fibers from the stellate ganglion at the origin of the respective vertebral arteries and corrected the kink in the arteries at their origin. Both patients were relieved of vertigo after the operation the fact that there was vertigo occasioned by neck rotation. The direction of neck rotation was identical with that of a kink in the VA at its origin in both patients. Therefore, the direction of neck rotation is useful information for the diagnosis of vertigo induced by neck rotation. In terms of the treatment, though vascular reconstruction such as vein graft bypass between the VA and the carotid artery or transposition of the VA onto the subclavian artery has been established for VA stenosis and occlusion, the resection of nerve fiber from the stellate ganglion at the origin of VA is also effective and safe, especially when a kink in the VA at its origin accompanies with neck rotation.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I/II in people of Caribbean origin in Toronto.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I/II (anti-HTLV-I/II) in people from an HTLV-I/II-endemic area (the Caribbean) living in a nonendemic region (Canada). DESIGN: Cross-sectional household survey. SETTING: Households in Toronto in 1989. PARTICIPANTS: A modified quota sampling method was used to recruit subjects of Caribbean origin as well as other Canadians. Of 2900 people invited to participate in the study 1323, 743 of Caribbean origin, were interviewed about their background and possible exposure to HTLV-I/II. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood samples were analysed for anti-HTLV-I/II by means of an enzyme-linked immunoassay, the result being confirmed by the Western blot technique and radioimmunoprecipitation assay. The samples were also analysed for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and for surrogate markers of non-A, non-B hepatitis. RESULTS: A total of 853 blood samples (64.5%) were analysed, 483 (56.6%) from subjects of Caribbean origin. The proportion of subjects who agreed to give a blood sample was similar for the Caribbean and non-Caribbean strata. Eleven subjects, all of Caribbean origin (2.3% of the Caribbean stratum), were confirmed to be positive for anti-HTLV-I/II. There were no significant differences between the antibody-positive and antibody-negative subjects with respect to sex, age, racial origin or residence in the Caribbean for at least 22 years. All anti-HTLV-I/II-positive subjects were negative for anti-HIV and HBsAg, and four (36.4%) were positive for antibody to HBsAg and to hepatitis B core antigen. CONCLUSIONS: Except for origin, an association between antibody positivity and other factors could not be demonstrated. The findings suggest that blood donor screening might include place of origin in addition to the usual lifestyle or behavioural factors. However, the need to ensure safety of transfusion must be balanced against the need for participation of all groups in the blood transfusion program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Bilobulated aneurysms at the origin of the posterior communicating artery.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to describe the occurrence of bilobulated aneurysms at the origin of the posterior communicating artery. BACKGROUND: Bilobulated aneurysms at the origin of the posterior communicating artery from the internal carotid artery are rarely reported in the literature. A review of the literature showed only one report in which this type of aneurysm was addressed. METHODS: A consecutive series of 85 aneurysms operated by a single surgeon in 75 patients during an eight-year period (March 1995-February 2003) at the University Hospital was reviewed retrospectively. The incidence, radiological findings, intraoperative findings, surgical treatment and outcome of patients with bilobulated aneurysms at the origin of the posterior communicating artery were analyzed. The pathophysiologic mechanism for the formation of the bilobulated aneurysm was analyzed for each case. RESULTS: Thirty-two aneurysms (37.6%) located at the origin of the posterior communicating artery were operated. Four patients who had angiographic evidence of a bilobulated aneurysm at the origin of the posterior communicating artery were identified and operated. Among those four patients, only three had a bilobulated aneurysm. In one patient, microsurgical exploration revealed the presence of two consecutive aneurysms originating from the posterior communicating artery. The incidence of bilobulated aneurysms at the origin of the posterior communicating artery was 9.4%. One patient died during the postoperative period for a 25% mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of this type of aneurysm is low; therefore, they represent a technical challenge to the neurosurgeon.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The authors and the bibliographic references of the original articles published in the journal Atención Primaria (1984-1990)].

OBJECTIVE: The main aim of the study is to assess the developing situation of the articles published in the journal Atención Primaria in relation to the original articles included in the same journal. There are secondary aims of describing the amount of self-quotation, the profession of the authors, their geographical distribution and their use of bibliographic references. DESIGN: A descriptive analysis of the authors and bibliographic references in the original articles. SITE. Publications and research in Primary Care. MAIN MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: All the original articles published in the journal Atención Primaria during its first seven years (1984-1990). Gathering of data from the original articles (the number of authors, province of their place of work, titles, total number of references, references from Atención Primaria, the number of self-quotations, etc.) In the seven years studied, 295 original articles have been published by 1467 authors, 44% of whom are family doctors. The average number of authors per article was 5. There are twelve Spanish provinces from which no-one has published. Altogether 4,908 bibliographic references, an average of 16.6 per article, have been used. The number of references from the journal itself rose steadily from 1% in 1984 to 11.7% in 1988, but went down to 10.3% in 1990. 52% of the bibliographic references were in Castilian and 42.6% in English. CONCLUSION: The journal Atención Primaria is often quoted in original articles published in the same journal. The number of authors and references per original article is high but stable.

Authorship↗
PubMed1990

[Pathologic morphology and clinical significance of the anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery from the right coronary artery. General review and autopsy analysis of 30 cases].

After an extensive analysis of the world literature (121 references), beginning from the first reported case by Antopol and Kugel, 1933, the general review of the problem stressed especially the following morphologic characteristics and clinical significance of the anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCxA) from the right coronary artery (RCA): The place of the anomalous origin of LCxA from RCA among all other variations and anomalies of LCxA. The anatomical and topographical characteristics of LCxA originating from RCA in normal heart as well as in congenital heart diseases--CHD (especially complete transposition of great arteries--TGA). The formal genesis of LCxA from RCA according to original new Ogden's theory, taking into account the dual origin of the coronary arteries and the peritruncal angioblastic ring that surrounds the developing aorta and pulmonary artery. The frequencies of the origin of LCxA from RCA in autopsy and coronarography series. The importance of LCxA (by its origin and/or caliber) in determination of the right, left or codominance of the coronary arteries including the peculiarities in cases of isolated aortic stenosis and bicuspid aortic valve. The importance of recognizing LCxA from the RCA during implantation of artificial aortic, mitral and tricuspid heart valves, during mitral valve anuloplasty, closure of ostium primum defect as well as during aorto-coronary venous bypass. The LCxA from RCA, especially its proximal segment, shows more frequent and an earlier, faster and heavier obstructive atherosclerosis, causing different manifestations of coronary heart disease and sudden death. Also, mitral insufficiency can be caused by ischemia of the papillary muscles of the left ventricle. The awareness of the possibility that LCxA may arise from the RCA can prevent many complications during cannulations of the coronary arteries for diagnostic coronarography and myocardial perfusion during heart operations. The authors presented their 30 autopsied cases of LCxA from RCA, analysing morphological and topographic data as well as their clinical significance and association with other CHD. There were 6 isolated cases and 24 cases associated with other CHD (20 with TGA and 4 with other CHD). Our first autopsied case of LCxA from RCA was diagnosed as associated with tetralogy of Fallot in 1964. During the period 1964-1985 we had 1015 cases of CHD (including 132 cases of TGA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Coronary Vessel Anomalies↗
PubMed1989

The origin of the osteoclast.

The origin of the osteoclast remains controversial even though investigations using light microscopy, tissue culture, electron microscopy, microcinematography, autoradiography, parabiosis, quail chick nuclear markers, giant lysosomal markers in beige mice, Y chromosomes, bone marrow cell culture, and monoclonal antibodies have been performed since its discovery. Concepts of the origin of the osteoclast have been changing. The classic concept was that the osteoclast originated from connective tissue cells. Others hypothesized that it originated from mature hematopoietic cells, particularly from monocyte or macrophage cells. A recent concept proposed an origin from hematopoietic stem cells. The hematopoietic stem cell was believed to differentiate into two cell lineages: one of monocytes and the other of preosteoclasts. The authors' concept, based on experimental observations as well as alternate interpretations stemming from experimental reports of other researchers, proposes an origin from local, nonhematopoietic, possibly perivascular mesenchymal cells. However, the relationship of the hematopoietic stem cells to perivascular mesenchymal cells in the periosteum at an early stage of enchondral ossification is still not well known. Therefore, the origin of the osteoclast also remains uncertain.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Aortic implantation is possible in all cases of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.

BACKGROUND: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (PA) optimally is treated by creation of a multiple coronary system. This study explores the use of aortic implantation employing alternative methods to achieve coronary transfer in all patients, regardless of the site of origin of the anomalous coronary artery, avoiding the problems of bypass grafts and tunnel procedures. METHODS: During the period 1986 to 1994, 11 patients aged 6 months to 8 years (mean age, 2.6 years) underwent repair. Coronary artery origin from the PA included left sinus in 3, posterior in 2, right sinus in 2, intramural aorta with its orifice at the bifurcation of the main and right PA in 1, high left main PA in 1, high at the bifurcation of main and right PA in 1, and anterior in 1. Findings included angina in 4, prior infarctions in 3, ischemia in 7, left ventricular dysfunction in 6, mitral regurgitation in 5, atrial septal defect in 2, and echocardiograms suggestive of endocardial fibrosis in 4. One patient had prior ligation with ventricular dysfunction and collateralization and recanalization. A single patient was asymptomatic. Repair was accomplished by direct transfer using the PA sinus of Valsalva as a button in only 6; tubular reconstruction was used in 4 when the distance was too great to avoid tension; 2 short tubes were constructed with PA wall in 2 of the 3 left sinus origins, whereas 2 long tubes of PA wall were used (1 high on the left side of the main PA and 1 with left anterior descending origin from the anterior sinus of Valsalva in a patient with malrotation [end neo-artery to side aortic reconstruction]); finally, in situ transfer and intraaortic reconstruction (unroofing and anastomosis) was performed in 1 intramural coronary artery. Division of the PA, mobilization of the distal PA, division of the ductus, and direct reanastomosis of the PA was performed in 3 tubular reconstructions, as well as all 6 direct coronary transfers. RESULTS: There were no operative or late deaths. Follow-up of 2 to 100 months (mean, 46 months) revealed no new angina or infarctions, improved function and decreased mitral regurgitation. Echocardiographic and angiographic studies demonstrated patency and prograde flow in the new coronary systems. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic implantation is the treatment of choice for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery. Methods such as direct transfer, tubular reconstruction, and in situ transfer make such implantation possible in all patients regardless of the site of coronary origin, distance from the aorta, or coronary artery configuration.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1995

[Current trends in the use of statistics in medicine. A study of original articles published in the Medicina Clínica (1991-1992)].

BACKGROUND: In recent years there has been a notable increase in the use of statistical techniques in biomedical journals. Furthermore, the complexity of statistical analysis has increased because of data processing. In this study statistical accessibility is quantified and the types of statistical analysis performed in all the articles published under the section of original articles in the journal Medicina Clínica from 1991 to 1992 (volumes 96 to 99). METHODS: One reviewer analyzed a total of 264 original articles. The statistical analyses were classified according to a list with 18 categories. The quantification of accessibility was obtained from the order of the 18 categories with bivariate statistics (up to simple regression), being used as the reference threshold. Intrareviewer concordance was 97%. RESULTS: Eighty-one percent of the 264 originals used categories of statistical analysis beyond that of descriptive statistics (inferential methods). The originals used bivariate tables (49.2%) and t and z tests (33.3%) most frequently. In 1992 the use of variance analysis and survival analysis increased notably (from 12.8% to 33.8% and 7.2% to 18.7%, respectively). More complex statistical techniques that models of simple regression (threshold reference) were used in 38.3% of the originals (31.2% in 1991 and 44.6% in 1992). CONCLUSIONS: The use of inferential statistics and the complexity of statistical analysis has increased suggesting a lower statistical accessibility in the originals of Medicina Clinica. The categories of variance analysis and survival analysis were those in which the greatest increase was observed in 1992 and were responsible for the increase in the complexity of 20% of the originals.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphofunctional correlation in congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries. II. The ectopic origin of the coronary arteries].

The authors describe the morphogenesis and functional alterations of the coronary arterial net in the ectopic coronary arteries: a) with origin in the aorta or its branches and b) with origin in the pulmonary artery. The coronary arteries are developed from: 1) endothelial sprouts localized in the great arteries walls at the level of the sigmoidal values, 2) right and left subepicardial vascular network and 3) the intramyocardial sinusoids. Most of the ectopic coronary arteries result from alterations in the connection between these three embryonic elements. The deviation of one of the subepicardial vascular network in a wrong way (in direction of pulmonary artery or the opposite Valsalva sinus) will stimulate the development of endothelial sprouts which will connect such network originating abnormal connections and anomalous origin of the coronary arteries. The origin of both coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery is in compatible with life. Myocardial ischemia is absent in patients with type I (infant) or type II (adult) anomalous origin of one coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, only in the transitional phase between both types (I and II) there is myocardial ischemia previous to the formation of the collateral coronary circulation. The ectopic origin of the coronary artery from the aortic Valsalva sinus have very little hemodynamic repercussion in the patient. Although there are cases with postexercise sudden dead. These anomalies associated to atherosclerotic coronary stenosis have an impact on the evolution and prognosis of ischemic heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cellular origin of the basement membrane in embryonic chicken/quail chimeras.

The cellular origin of the components of the basal lamina of an epithelium, the chicken epiblast, has been investigated in a model system resulting from the transplantation of metabolically labeled quail hypoblast (an epithelium without basal lamina), associated or not with individual mesoblast cells, into an unlabeled chicken blastoderm deprived of its own hypoblast. The ability to discriminate chicken from quail cells after nuclear staining, combined with autoradiographic labeling of the basal lamina components, made it possible to determine the origin of the cells and labeled compounds in tissue sections of the chimeras. The transplantation of 3H-glucosamine or 3H-fucose-labeled quail hypoblast into a chicken host embryo, and subsequent culture of the chimeric embryo for 5 h, led to the transfer of labeled macromolecules from the quail graft to the chicken basal lamina. Pre-treatment of sections with several glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes with different substrate specificities suggested that the 3H-glucosamine-labeled compounds that are deposited in the basal lamina are glycoproteins and/or heparan sulfate proteoglycan. However, in view of our current knowledge of the cellular origin of the latter compound, this molecule probably originates from the epithelium itself. Transfer of 3H-proline and 3H-hydroxyproline-containing molecules (mainly collagens) from the graft to the host basal lamina was not observed. Chasing the labeled compounds with unlabeled precursor during culture of the chimeras did not influence the final autoradiographic pattern. It is concluded that the basal lamina of the epiblast has a dual epithelial origin, resulting from the interaction of epiblast-derived materials and non-collagenous glycoproteins synthesized by the hypoblast. Evidence supporting the case of a non-epithelial, mesoblastic origin of non-collagenous glycoproteins was not found. An extensive review of literature on the epithelial vs non-epithelial origin of basement membrane components, mainly in mammalian species, is also provided.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Meiotic origin of trisomy in confined placental mosaicism is correlated with presence of fetal uniparental disomy, high levels of trisomy in trophoblast, and increased risk of fetal intrauterine growth restriction.

Molecular studies were performed on 101 cases of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) involving autosomal trisomy. The origin of the trisomic cell line was determined in 54 cases (from 51 pregnancies), 47 of which were also analyzed for the presence of uniparental disomy (UPD) in the disomic cell line. An additional 47 cases were analyzed for parental origin in the disomic cell line only. A somatic (postmeiotic) origin of the trisomy was observed in 22 cases and included the majority of cases with CPM for trisomy 2, 7, 8, 10, and 12. Most cases of CPM involving trisomy 9, 16, and 22 were determined to be meiotic. Fetal maternal UPD was found in 17 of 94 informative CPM cases, involving trisomy 2 (1 case), 7 (1 case), 16 (13 cases), and 22 (2 cases). The placental trisomy was of meiotic origin in all 17 cases associated with fetal UPD (P = .00005). A meiotic origin also correlated with the levels of trisomy in cultured chorionic villi samples (CVS) (P = .0002) and trophoblast (P = .00005). Abnormal pregnancy outcome (usually IUGR) correlated with meiotic origin (P = .0003), the presence of fetal UPD (P = 4 x 10(-7)), and the level of trisomy in trophoblast (P = 3 x 10(-7)) but not with the level of trisomy in CVS or term chorion. The good fit of somatic errors with the expected results could have been observed only if few true meiotic errors were misclassified by these methods as a somatic error. These data indicate that molecular determination of origin is a useful predictor of pregnancy outcome, whereas the level of trisomy observed in cultured CVS is not. In addition, UPD for some chromosomes may affect prenatal, but not postnatal, development, possibly indicating that imprinting effects for these chromosomes are confined to placental tissues.

Cells, Cultured↗