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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Role of surgical decompression in ulnar neuritis of leprosy.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of neurolysis in relieving the pain of acute painful neuritis and assess its effect on the sensory motor deficit. Thirty eight ulnar nerves were operated and followed up for 8 to 125 weeks. Following surgery relief from pain was gratifying. However the pain recurred in cases of lepromatous leprosy in subsequent episodes of ENL reaction. Sensory recovery was appreciable and occurred within 8 weeks. Four cases had 75% recovery; five had 50 to 75% recovery and 11 cases had up to 50% recovery. Motor recovery took a longer time to appear. Proximal supplied muscles recovered first followed by smaller muscles. In most cases further deterioration of muscle power was prevented. Only 3 cases deteriorated. Recovery was more pronounced in LL cases. Patients with shorter duration of acute symptoms and history of smaller number of attacks of acute painful neuritis showed a higher incidence and better grade of recovery.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optic neuritis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and optic neuritis are described. Optic neuritis is uncommon in SLE but may be the presenting feature of the disease. A review of 8 similar cases in the literature indicates that myelopathy is frequently associated, prompting the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Visual loss may be permanent despite therapeutic intervention, but rapid improvement occurs in some patients who receive early treatment with corticosteroids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Clinical picture and pathogenesis of neuritis and polyneuritis in late toxemias of pregnancy and features of their treatment].

Results of observing 423 gravidae suffering from late toxaemia of pregnancy complicated in 19,1% of the cases with neuritis, plexitis, and polyneuritis are presented. Principal pathogenetic and clinical parameters characteristic of neuritis and polyneuritis are described; the most characteristic features of clinical picture and the course of these nervous disorders are indicated, their connection with cerebral processes is followed, and a complex of pathogenetic therapy of the peripheral nerve affection is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgery of leprous neuritis (a 16 mm colour-sound film--35 minutes (author's transl)].

When medical treatment is not sufficient, surgery may still improve leprous neuritis by:--opening of osteo-fibrous tunnels where is an external compression fixing the level of physiological blockade: the elbow for the cubital nerve, the wrist for the median nerve, the peroneal neck for the peroneal nerve, the instep for the tibial nerve;--opening the thickened and consequently inextensible epineurium, inducing a release of the compression acting upon the nervous bundles and permitting their recovery if they are not yet destroyed. The film describes the various techniques immediately effective in hyperalgic neuritis and giving valuable recoveries in forms showing already a functional impairment.

Arm↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of electrostimulation of the medial portion of the hypothalamus of cats on features of sciatic nerve fiber restructuring in experimental neuritis].

In order to study the processes of rearrangement in nerve fibers of the ischiatic nerve and its nervi nervorum at experimentally induced neuritis, the middle part of the hypothalamus was electrically stimulated in 74 mature cats. Twenty three cats were electrically stimulated with alternating current of a rectangular form, 50 Hz 1 m/sec, 1.5 V, for 30 min on each side of the hypothalamic subtubercle. Seven days after electrode implantation, the experimental neuritis was produced by inserting aseptic mica plates subepineurally into the ischiatic nerve. Samples of the nerve stem were taken from the traumatized area and histological sections and film preparations were made. The material was treated after Foot, Ramon y Cajal, Rasskazova, Bielschowsky-Gross-Kampos, Sokoliansky, McManus. As demonstrated the analysis of the preparations, at early stages of the experiments the nerve fibers were preserved better under the electrostimulation than in the intact hypothalamus. However, by the 60th day, resulting from the pathology of the diencephalon, some distrophic changes developed in the peripheral nerve. Lateral branching processes were forming on the axonal cylinders. Nervi nervorum were spreading and forming long and dense wrappings around the endoneural sheaths where they terminated with loops simulating Perroncito's spirals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A new miniaturized flicker test for detection of florid retrobulbar neuritis].

A new transportable miniaturized flicker test equipped with green LEDs is contrasted with the conventional Tübingen flicker test, based on brightness perception of intermittent white light. The results are compared with those of former studies. In this study we examined 45 eyes suffering from florid optic neuritis. Another group of 114 eyes were either normal (except minimal ametropia) or suffered from a non-inflammatory or non-refractive impairment of central visual function. In all groups only one eye of each subject was examined. Using the criteria of Trauzettel-Klosinski, the new miniaturized "green" flicker test for the detection of a florid optic neuritis showed a specificity of only 50.9% (83.3%) and a sensitivity of 91.1% (64.4%). (The corresponding results of the conventional Tübingen flicker test are shown in parentheses.) Alternatively, analyzing the data with the help of a logistic regression, the "green" flicker test turned out to have a specificity of 92.9% (93.8%) and a sensitivity of 60.5% (44.2%). For further examinations using the flicker test it is useful to consider the duration and reproducibility of each brightness match by repeating the test several times.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Study of isolated nerve fibers in primary hypertrophic neuritis].

This report describes pathological changes of myelin, cells and axons of teased nerve fibers from three cases (two having a family history) of primary hypertrophic neuritis with onion bulb formations seen in aptic and electron microscopy. Segmental demyelination and subsequent remyelination occurred in most myelinated fibers isolated. Besides this classical pattern, in some fibers large pseudo-wallerian ovoids of myelin with preservation of the axon, demonstrated by silver counterstaining, were found. This pseudo-wallerian degeneration is thus a primary demyelination and axonal degeneration remains a rare finding. A quantitative evaluation of the different patterns of myelin degeneration has been established. The study of cellular proliferation has shown clustering of nuclei scattered along the fiber. In some fibers the changes of the myelin sheath are encountered without Schwann-cell accummulation, while in others cellular proliferation is prominent without obvious myelin abnormalities. Cellular proliferation has also been seen in unmyelinated fibers (Remak fibers). In some neural tubes devoid of axis cylinders striking Schwann-cell accumulation remains, giving may in some places to fusiform enlargement of the "Schwann-cell tube". These "Schwann-cell tubes" appear as one of the late stage changes occuring in hypertrophic neuritis.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Bilateral simultaneous optic neuritis in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. A case report.

The authors describe an 11-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed simultaneous bilateral acute optic neuritis. Severe initial visual loss followed by permanent visual deficit occurred in both eyes despite therapeutic intervention. Recurrence of optic neuritis in one eye caused the vision to deteriorate further. The most probable pathogenesis is occlusive vasculitis involving the small arterioles of the optic nerves.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of leprotic neuritis. Exclusive medical treatment or combined with decompression].

The authors consider the evolution of the treatment of leprotic neuritis based on homogenous series of numerous observations (a minimum of 250-300). These observations are well registered and documented with some results dimensioned by the classical A. L. E. R. T. tests carried out at intervals of time and verified by comparison between series only medical treatment and series of medico-surgical treatment. Considering some remote results and some comparative series, the indications of the exclusive medical treatment have been well defined, and the ones of the surgical decompression have been reduced. The early case finding of a leprotic neuritis by the mean of easy methods as well as its monitoring during its early specific treatment is essential. By this way we get an important proportion of functional results: satisfactory (50 p.c.) or interesting (20 p.c.). In the case of painful hypertrophia, the complementary decompression secure not only the functional recovery of mortricity, but also the epicritic sensibility.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Neuritis of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in leprosy.

Neuritis of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (meralgia paresthetica) is observed more frequently in leprosy than in nonleprosy patients, and its symptoms can easily be confused with those suggesting, e.g., ischialgia. The diagnosis can be confirmed by a diagnostic block with a local anesthetic solution. Analgesics, antiinflammatory drugs, bed rest and, in severe cases, therapeutic blocks were successfully applied in the treatment of the neuritis, and no surgical intervention was needed. Three leprosy patients with severe meralgia paresthetica are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The multi-channel VEPs topography in optic neuritis].

The multi-channel VEPs topographies of 20 normal persons and 22 patients suffered from optic neuritis were recorded. In normal subjects, the topography showed symmetric distribution by full-field stimulation and paradoxical lateralization by half-field stimulation. In patients with optic neuritis, it showed asymmetric distribution most on the temperal side, some on the nasal side and occasionally in the middle by full-field stimulation. The result suggests that the optic nerve may be damaged on either temperal or nasal. The effect of the early diagnosis and evaluating treatment using topography is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Rapid growth of an intracranial aneurysm causing apparent retrobulbar optic neuritis.

We describe a 31-year-old man who developed sudden painful loss of vision in the right eye and was found to have a retrobulbar optic neuropathy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging gave normal results, and a diagnosis of retrobulbar optic neuritis was made. The patient was treated with oral prednisone, but he continued to lose vision in the right eye and then began to lose vision in the left eye. Repeat MR imaging performed eight weeks after the initial study showed a giant intracranial aneurysm compressing the right and left optic nerves. Cerebral angiography revealed that the aneurysm arose from the origin of the right ophthalmic artery. Treatment of the aneurysm by a trapping procedure resulted in improvement in vision in the left eye but no change in vision in the right eye. This report emphasizes the difficulty in imaging intracranial aneurysms of various sizes, the rapidity with which intracranial aneurysms can enlarge, and the importance of continued follow-up examinations in patients thought to have idiopathic optic neuritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative treatment of acute optic neuritis with "boluses" of intravenous methylprednisolone or oral prednisone].

Sixteen patients with acute optic neuritis were studied, and randomized into two groups of treatment. Group I was assigned to in hospital treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone 500 mg Q8 hours for 10 doses, followed by oral prednisone for two weeks and tapering doses thereafter. Group II was treated with oral prednisone one mg per kilogram of body weight for two weeks followed by tapering doses. All patients had examination of visual acuity, visual field at baseline and repeated on weeks two, four and sixteen. Two patients in group I were lost to follow up, and three patients (two in group I and one in group II) had previous established diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis and the onset of acute optic neuritis was considered a recurrence of the disease. There was no statistical difference between the groups with regards to clinical outcome, visual acuity and visual field examination (p = 0.329) Fisher test.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Causes of premorbid vascular insufficiency in patients with facial neuritis].

In 110 patients with facial nerve neuritis of different etiology, the author studied diseases which were accompanying the main disorder and those which were in the past history. In most of the cases there were infectious diseases and accompanying disorders of a vascular, endocrine character, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and chronic tonsillitis. In some of the patients accompanying disorders were of a physiological condition (pregnancy, climacterium). On the basis of the specific traits of the above-mentioned diseases and physiological states which can accompany or lead to structural of functional changes of the vegetative nervous system and because of a vascular nature of some of them the author assumes that these diseases are the cause of permorbid vascular insufficiency in patients with facial nerve neuritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Optic neuritis and measles infection].

Optic neuritis has been reported as a complication of measles encephalitis. This resembles to parainfectious optic neuritis following other virus infections. We mentioned pathology, therapy of this disease, and summarized our previous cases. Intravenous methylpredonisolone treatment is effective from our experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Acute unilateral papillitis versus retrobulbar neuritis: relation to multiple sclerosis.

Prospectively referred patients with unilateral acute optic neuritis (ON) (n = 223; aged 12-57; 158 women), either idiopathic or part of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS), were systematically examined by the same physician. We analysed whether the 161 patients with retrobulbar neuritis and the 62 patients with papillitis differed from each other clinically or according to paraclinical tests. The following characteristics were observed in retrobulbar ON respectively papillitis: median age 33 and 33 years, women 70% and 73%, clinically definite MS 30% and 27%. Abnormal results in retrobulbar ON and in papillitis (indicated in brackets) did not differ significantly and were found as follows: cerebral MRI in 56% (63%), VEP from the eye with acute ON in 82% (88%), VEP from the eye without acute ON in 38% (33%), SEP from median nerves in 9% (10%), SEP from tibial nerves in 22% (22%) and biotesiometry in 32% (27%). In the CSF, oligoclonal bands were present in 42% (53%), increased IgG-index in 40% (44%) and increased leucocyte count in 39% (29%). The HLA-DRI5 tissue type was present in 47% (43%). There were no significant differences between retrobulbar ON and papillitis when the idiopathic cases and cases with clinically definite MS were analysed separately. Our data document that unilateral retrobulbar ON and papillitis are both part of the MS spectrum and not different from each other with regard to clinical and paraclinical parameters, indicating that the two groups can be pooled in future treatment trials.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Gadolinium and contrast medium MRI of the acoustic nerve in patients with meningeal neuritis and acoustico-facial syndrome].

Twelve cases of vestibular neuritis were investigated in gradient echo MRI with gadolinium. Only 3 severe cases associated with an acoustico facial syndrome (2 cases of herpes zoster oticus and one case after influenzae) demonstrated focal enhancement within the internal auditory canal on post contrast T1 weighted images. This enhancement involved at least 2 differents nerves. These 3 severe cases associating sensory neural hearing loss and facial palsy revealed a meningeal reaction after cerebrospinal fluid examination. The enhancement lasted a long time (up to 10 months) in one case of RAMSAY HUNT syndrome associated with a chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The MRI was able to confirm the anatomical reality of the vestibular neuritis and more precisely of the meningoneuritis and gave arguments for the theory of the polyneuropathy of Adour. Enhancement at MRI seems correlated with the severity of the affection (permanent vestibular areflexia in 3 cases and permanent hearing loss in 1 case).

Adult↗