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The role of government agencies in the development of cancer policy.

OBJECTIVES: To provide a review of federal government agencies that most directly affect cancer care and research and how cancer policy can be indirectly shaped or affected by federal and state programs. DATA SOURCES: Government reports and internet sources. CONCLUSIONS: The US government's role in cancer policy has grown substantially and involves ongoing dialogue among Congress, government agencies, and stakeholders in the cancer community. The government can be a powerful catalyst for progress or a seeming insurmountable barrier to high-quality cancer care and research. Working together can make a significant difference in the outcome of cancer policy. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Oncology nurses are an important voice in the development of legislation, regulation, and other national policies for cancer care. It is important for cancer care professionals to be aware of these federal programs and participate in deliberations.

Advisory Committees↗

Considerations for a national heart attack alert program.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of death in the United States--in women as well as men. In 1987, CHD was responsible for 512,138 deaths, of which 253,542 deaths were attributed to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and accounted for over $43 billion in direct and indirect costs. The disease spares no one. Primary prevention is clearly important, but for those in whom primary prevention has not been applied or has failed, acting to minimize the effect of a heart attack is of paramount importance. Many of its victims do not obtain appropriate medical care, or obtain it too late for the latest lifesaving technologies to be effective. The goal of treatment is to prevent death and to salvage as much heart tissue as possible. To achieve this goal, it is essential to minimize the time from the first symptoms and signs to treatment. Opportunities exist at each phase of an evolving AMI to intervene promptly and appropriately to prevent sudden death and to preserve cardiac muscle and thereby reduce CHD morbidity and mortality. Yet, formidable problems also exist. These and other issues are presently being studied by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute staff and advisors in consideration of whether to establish a national educational program aimed at reducing CHD morbidity and mortality through the rapid identification and treatment of those with AMI.

Coronary Disease↗