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PubMed1959

Nicotinic acid.

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Humans↗
PubMed1989

Effects of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and pyridylcarbinol in pharmacological dosages on lipid metabolism in humans.

The clinical use of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and pyridylcarbinol as drugs against hypercholesterolemia is critically reviewed. Though several questions remain open as to the mode of action of these compounds, it is concluded that they indeed belong to the most useful drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and for the prevention of coronary disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Nicotinic acid metabolism. Dimethylmaleate hydratase.

The partial enrichment of a new enzyme, dimethylmaleate hydratase from Clostridium barkeri and some of its characteristics are described. The unstable and oxygen-sensitive hydratase depends on ferrous ions and is induced during growth of C. barkeri on nicotinic acid. The enzyme uses both dimethylmaleate and the hydration product, 2,3-dimethylmalate, as substrates to establish an equilibrium that is 70% in favour of the latter acid; dimethylfumarate is not attacked. A 2,3-dimethyl[3-3H]malate specimen was prepared from dimethylmaleate with the hydratase in tritiated water. Based on proton attack at the re-face of the double bond, experimental results indicate the (2R,3S)-configuration for this malate. The hydration reaction takes an anti-course. The tritium label was lost in the sequence (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethyl[3-3H]malate----(R)-[2-3H1]-propionate----(2R) - [2-3H1]propionyl-CoA----(2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA. This result confirms the stereochemical course of the 2,3-dimethylmalate lyase reaction, inversion of configuration, by an independent approach. The hydratase reaction completes the degradation scheme of nicotinic acid by C. barkeri. The pathway is briefly reviewed.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed2005

[Fast separation of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid with molecularly imprinted monolithic column].

Nicotinamide has been employed as template for the preparation of molecularly imprinted monolithic polymer (MIP) which was used as liquid chromatographic stationary phase. It showed that the nicotinamide-MIP monolithic column was capable of recognizing the difference between nicotinamide and nicotinic acid, while the non-imprinted polymer had no such ability. The content of organic solvent, flow rate and pH of the mobile phase were investigated in the experiments. The following high performance liquid chromatographic conditions were selected: column, 50 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.; mobile phase, water; flow rate, 7.0 mL/min; experiment temperature, room temperature. The resolution between nicotinamide and nicotinic acid was 1.8. The results showed that the two compounds could be separated by the nicotinamide-MIP monolithic column. The column is very useful for the enrichment and detection of nicotinamide in body fluids.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1980

Effect of nicotinic acid on rumen fermentation in vitro and in vivo.

A series of in vitro studies tested effects of nicotinic acid on rumen fermentation. Urea was the nitrogen supplement for all substances. As expected, a substrate of corn produced the most gas and microbial protein followed by a substrate of corn plus brome hay (1:1). A substrate of brome hay produced the least amount of gas and microbial protein. Niacin had no effect on gas production but significantly increased synthesis of microbial protein. The most protein was synthesized with the corn substrate, but the greatest percentage increase due to niacin was with the substance of corn plus hay. Six rumen-fistulated cows were fed a ration of grain and grass hay (1:1) with 2.3% urea. The rations were supplemented with 0 or 200 ppm niacin. Niacin had no important effect on the concentration of rumen dry matter or lactic acid, or the molar proportions of acetic, butyric, or valeric acids. Niacin increased the concentration of rumen bacterial protein, ammonia, and propionic acid. Niacin reduced the rumen concentration of urea nitrogen. There were no differences in the amino acid composition of rumen bacteria due to niacin.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The duration of the action of a single dose of aspirin, kurantil and nicotinic acid during pregnancy complicated by EPH gestosis].

Disorders in the system of blood aggregation state control (BASC) reflects the severity of OPH-gestosis (edema, proteinuria, hypertension). The duration of the therapeutic effect of the applied antithrombotics has not been studied essentially. The parameters and duration of the effective responses in the BASC system after a single dose of aspirin, curantyl, and nicotinic acid were studied in 45 females with OPH-gestosis of moderate severity. The deaggregation effect of aspirin lasted 48 h, that of nicotinic acid persisted for 7 h., the effect of curantyl developed in 72 h. and lasted 24 h. The prescription of individually selected and controlled doses of activators of fibrinolysis and deaggregants makes it possible to abolish disorders of the BASC system in pregnant females with OPH-gestosis of moderate severity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Solubility and precipitation of nicotinic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide.

Solubilities of a model compound (nicotinic acid) in pure supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) and SC-CO(2) modified with methanol have been measured in the pressure range of 80-200 bar and between temperatures of 35 and 90 degrees C. On-line ultraviolet detection enabled a simple and relatively fast measurement of very low levels of solubility (10(-7) mol fraction) with good accuracy in pure and modified SC-CO(2). The solute solubility in both pure SC-CO(2) and SC-CO(2) modified with methanol increased with pressure at all investigated temperatures. A retrograde solubility behavior was observed in that, at pressures below 120 bar, a solubility decrease on temperature increase occurred. Solubility data were used to calculate supersaturation values and to define optimum operating conditions to obtain crystalline particles 1-5 microm in diameter using the solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) process, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of a one-step production process for particulate pharmaceuticals suitable for respiratory drug delivery.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2004

To be or not to be ... nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP): a new intracellular second messenger?

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a potent activator of intracellular Ca2+ release in several vertebrate and invertebrate systems. The role of the NAADP system in physiological processes is being extensively investigated at the present time. The NAADP receptor and its associated Ca2+ pool have been hypothesized to be important in several physiological processes including fertilization, T cell activation, and pancreatic secretion. However, whether NAADP is a new second messenger or a tool for the discovery of a new Ca2+ channel is still an unanswered question. Research developed over the last two years has provided some important clues to whether NAADP is or not a physiological cellular messenger. In this short review, I will discuss some of these new findings that are helping us to find an answer to the important question: Is NAADP a second messenger or not?

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of chromatographic separation of selected nicotinic acid derivatives by TLC and HPLC techniques.

The separations of nicotinic acid and its derivatives analyzed by adsorption and reversed phase TLC and HPLC were compared. Results were presented as the dependencies of chromatographic retention parameters of studied compounds on the volume composition [%] of mobile phases. It was shown that there exists the possibility of the separation of compounds into specified groups (adsorption TLC and HPLC) and particular substances within individual groups (reversed phase TLC).

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed2005

[Innovative therapies in metabolic diseases: ezetimibe (Ezétrol), nicotinic acid (Niaspan), acids omega-3 (Omacor), rimonabant (Acomplia)].

In the field of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, four innovative therapies are reviewed: Ezetimibe (Ezétrol) is a selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor. Co-administration of ezetimibe with low dose of statins shows LDL lowering comparable to that of the highest dose of the respective statin alone. Combination therapy helps more patients in achieving target LDL-cholesterol. Nicotinic acid (Niacin) favourably modifies all lipoprotein level (including Lp(a)). Extended release niacin (Niaspanâ) is a new galenic form, with less side effects (flushing and hepatotoxicity) than the native nicotinic acid. This new preparation represents an effective option in the management of dyslipidemia. The polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFA) omega-3 (Omacor) decreases cardiovascular deaths and mainly fatal arrhythmias after myocardial infarction. Their favourable effects are linked mainly to their anti-inflammatory and antiarrhythmic properties. The PUFA omega-3 could be added to the secondary prevention after myocardial infarction. The blockade of the endocannabinoid system by a specific inhibitor of CB1 receptor (rimonabant or Acomplia) decreases food intake and weight and increases adiponectin and insulin sensitivity. Clinical studies on obesity and tobacco dependence are very encouraging.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗