Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1974

Inhibition of the multiplication of vesicular stomatitis and Newcastle disease virus by 2-deoxy-d-glucose.

The production of infectious vesicular stomatitis (VSV) and Newcastle disease virus can be completely inhibited by 2-deoxy-d-glucose in pyruvate-containing medium, if virus either grown in pyruvate-containing medium or dialyzed against phosphate-buffered saline is used for infection. Under these conditions, the synthesis of all VSV proteins is reduced. VSV RNA, which is synthesized at reduced rates, seems to be unstable. The effect is completely reversible. If virus grown in glucose-containing medium is used for infection, the production of both viruses is not significantly inhibited by 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Under these conditions the production of the VSV glycoprotein is specifically impaired, but does not lead to a marked reduction of the yield of infectious virus.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

[Plaque formation by strains of Newcastle disease virus in monolayers of chick embryo fibroblasts].

Comparative studies were carried out with 4 local velogenic strains (2 viscerotropic and 2 neutropic) and 6 standard strains of the Newcastle disease virus of the various pathogenic groups with regard to their plaque-forming capacity in a monolayer of tissue cultures (TC) of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) under agar cover, after a routinely employed method. It was found that the velogenic strains produce a heterogenic (in terms of plaque size) population of bright, mat-white plaques regardless of their belonging to the viscero-, resp, neurotropic pathogenic type. The mesogenic produced only small, bright plaques, while the lentogenic strains produced no plaques. The plaque-forming unit titers per cm3 in TC of CEF of the strains as well as their ratio to the respective infectious titers for chick embryos (EID50) and for TC of CEF overlaid with liquid nutrient medium by microscopic record of the cytopathic effect (TCID50) varied within a wide range. It was in favour of EID50, and in most of the strains - in favour of TCID50 no matter to which type of strains belonged. The results obtained with the use of the plaque method in TC of CEF confirmed the concept of a number of authors abroad that they could be used successfully as an index in typing also for the differentiation of the Newcastle disease virus strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Interaction between cytomegalovirus and Newcastle disease virus as mediated by intrinsic interference.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was demonstrated to induce intrinsic interference to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in human fibroblast cells under noncytopathic conditions. This interference is unique in that (i) cytomegalovirus is the first DNA virus demonstrated to have this property and (ii) the state of interference was transient and progressively lost as the condition of the cells changed with the development of cytopathic effect. These observations are consistent with the view that the newly formed protein responsible for interference with NDV has a limited half-life and is no longer made when cytopathic conditions are produced by CMV.

Cell Line↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of antibody-forming cells directed against Newcastle disease virus and their immunoglobulin class by double immunoenzyme histochemistry.

Antibody-forming cells (AFCs) against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and their immunoglobulin (Ig) class were demonstrated by a double immuno-enzyme histochemical technique. The AFCs were stained and quantified in spleen sections of chickens euthanatized at day 7 postexposure to the Roakin strain of NDV. The sections were incubated with NDV to determine the specificity of the AFCs. Bound virus was subsequently visualized with a primary monoclonal antibody (MAb), a secondary horseradish peroxidase-conjugated MAb, and 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole as substrate. IgM and IgA were stained with MAbs and an alkaline phosphatase (AP)-conjugated secondary antibody. IgG class antibodies were demonstrated with an AP-conjugated rabbit serum. The final substrate for the three Igs was naphthol AS-MX-phosphate and fast blue BB. About 64-159/mm2 AFCs against NDV were detected. Of these virus-binding cells, about 55% produced IgM, 37% produced IgG, and the remaining 8% produced IgA.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Newcastle disease virus V protein is associated with viral pathogenesis and functions as an alpha interferon antagonist.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) edits its P gene by inserting one or two G residues at the conserved editing site (UUUUUCCC, genome sense) and transcribes the P mRNA (unedited), the V mRNA (with a +1 frameshift), and the W mRNA (with a +2 frameshift). All three proteins are amino coterminal but vary at their carboxyl terminus in length and amino acid composition. Little is known about the role of the V and W proteins in NDV replication and pathogenesis. We have constructed and recovered two recombinant viruses in which the expression of the V or both the V and W proteins has been abolished. Compared to the parental virus, the mutant viruses showed impaired growth in cell cultures, except in Vero cells. However, transient expression of the carboxyl-terminal portion of the V protein enhanced the growth of the mutant viruses. In embryonated chicken eggs, the parental virus grew to high titers in embryos of different gestational ages, whereas the mutant viruses showed an age-dependent phenomenon, growing to lower titer in more-developed embryos. An interferon (IFN) sensitivity assay showed that the parental virus was more resistant to the antiviral effect of IFN than the mutant viruses. Moreover, infection with the parental virus resulted in STAT1 protein degradation, but not with the mutant viruses. These findings indicate that the V protein of NDV possesses the ability to inhibit alpha IFN and that the IFN inhibitory function lies in the carboxyl-terminal domain. Pathogenicity studies showed that the V protein of NDV significantly contributes to the virus virulence.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Sequence variation in the Newcastle disease virus genome.

Full-length genome sequences of five virulent and five avirulent strains of Newcastle disease virus isolated between 1998 and 2002 in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia were determined. Comparisons between these strains revealed that coding sequence variability in the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), matrix (M) and phosphoprotein (P) gene sequences appeared to be more variable than in the fusion (F), nucleocapsid (N) and RNA dependent-RNA replicase (L) genes. Sequence analysis of a number of other isolates made during the recent virulent NDV outbreaks, also identified the presence of a number of variants with altered F gene cleavage sites, which resulted in altered biological properties of those viruses. Quasispecies analysis of a number of field isolates indicated the presence of virulent virus in one particular isolate. Gene sequence analysis of the progenitor virus isolated in 1998 showed very little sequence variation when compared to that of a progenitor-like virus isolated in 2001, demonstrating that in the field, viral genome sequence variation appears to be biologically restricted to that of a consensus sequence.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1951

Mechanism of production of pulmonary lesions in mice by Newcastle disease virus (NDV).

Infectious NDV particles produce extensive pulmonary consolidation in the mouse in the absence of demonstrable virus multiplication. The lesions are indistinguishable from those of influenza A virus infection. This effect of NDV was blocked by intranasal injection of RDE or immune serum before virus inoculation, but not by immune serum injected 5 minutes or more after NDV. Influenza A virus infection did not diminish fixation of NDV in excised lungs but did interfere with the injurious action of this agent in the living mouse. The analogy between these reactions and those which take place in a progressive virus infection is pointed out, and the mechanism of production of lesions in virus pneumonias discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

On the origins and relationships of Newcastle disease virus vaccine strains Hertfordshire and Mukteswar, and virulent strain Herts'33.

The origins and relationships of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strains Hertfordshire (H) and Mukteswar, and the virulent Herts'33 were studied using partial sequence analysis of the fusion protein gene. The mesogenic strain H was obtained by egg passages of a field virus isolated in England in 1933 (later known as Herts'33). Different lines of the strain Herts'33, however, divided into two distinct groups: genotype IV, and a hitherto undescribed lineage, which comprised the Weybridge line (Herts'33/56). Vaccine strain H and the two clusters comprising viruses designated Herts'33 displayed 6.5 to 6.8% and 15.6 to 16.3% mutational distances, respectively, which precluded parent-offspring relationships with either of them. In contrast, the different lines of the vaccine strain Mukteswar, which was reportedly derived from an Indian field isolate in the mid-1940s, showed 98.9 to 100% sequence similarity to strain H. It is therefore probable that the two vaccines were derived from the same virus stock.

Evolution, Molecular↗
PubMed1981

Immune response to Newcastle disease virus vaccine, fowl-pox vaccine, and Escherichia coli vaccine in Bedouin and White Leghorn chickens.

Immune response to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine, fowl pox, and E. coli vaccine was compared in the native Bedouin fowl of the Sinai desert, in a commercial Leghorn layer strain, and in the reciprocal crosses between them. Differences were not found in antibody titer levels to attenuated or inactivated NDV vaccines, in the proportion of birds showing post-vaccination immunity to fowl pox, or in the kinetics of postvaccination NDV titer levels. Rate of development of titer to Escherichia coli from day 1 to day 4, however, was significantly more rapid in Bedouin chicks than in the purebred Leghorn or the reciprocal crosses.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Newcastle disease virus isolated from recent outbreaks in Taiwan phylogenetically related to viruses (genotype VII) from recent outbreaks in western Europe.

Three major outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) occurred in Taiwan in the last three decades (in 1969, 1984, and 1995). Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) isolated in the three outbreaks, together with those isolated in 1998, were sequenced between nucleotides 47 and 435 of the fusion gene. A phylogenetic tree based on sequences obtained showed that the NDV isolated in 1969 was similar to the genotype III viruses. In contrast, all isolates in 1984 and seven of the eight isolates in 1995, together with all isolates in 1998, fell into the genotype VII. These results suggest that the 1969 outbreak of ND in Taiwan was caused by the genotype III virus, whereas the 1984 and 1995 outbreaks were caused by the genotype VII viruses. To date, the genotype VII viruses have caused many outbreaks in east Asia and western Europe. We suspect that these outbreaks have constituted the fourth panzootic of ND, which is distinct from the third panzootic caused by the "pigeon PMV-1 viruses." NDV isolated in Taiwan in 1984 was the earliest isolation of the genotype VII virus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine based on immunization with avian cells expressing the NDV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a paramyxovirus that bears two envelope glycoproteins at the virion surface. These proteins, fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), are involved in the immune response against NDV infection. Recombinant cells constitutively expressing at their surface the HN protein from the velogenic Texas strain were generated by introducing the HN gene with a helper-free AEV-based vector. These recombinant cells were used to immunize chickens by various protocols, and birds were subsequently challenged with a lethal NDV injection. Both NDV protection and serologic response were observed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental infection of rosellas (Platycercus eximius) with velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus (VVNDV).

Plaque-purified and non-plaque-purified velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease viruses (VVNDVs) were inoculated into golden-mantled rosellas (Platycercus eximius). VVNDV produced acute clinical disease in this species: all birds died within 6 days postexposure. There was no difference between the two inoculation groups in clinical signs. Seven tissues and five tissue swabs were collected from each of 15 birds. The VVNDV concentration in each specimen was titrated, and the concentrations were compared. The lung and trachea had the highest concentrations of virus in both the tissue suspensions and the swab suspensions. The average virus concentrations of the lung were 10(5.9) 50% embryo lethal doses (ELD50) per 0.1 ml for the tissue suspension and 10(4.9) for the swab. The average virus concentrations of the trachea were 10(5.6) ELD50 per 0.1 ml of tissue suspension and 10(4.6) for the swab.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Virulence of six heterogeneous-origin Newcastle disease virus isolates before and after sequential passages in domestic chickens.

Four serial passages of six Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were performed in two-week-old White Leghorns. The viruses were recovered from chickens (Ckn-Live Bird Market and Ckn-Australia isolates), exotic (Yellow Nape [YN] Parrot, Pheasant, and Dove isolates) and wild birds (Anhinga isolate). Infected chickens were monitored clinically and humanely killed to sample tissues for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Pathogenicity tests, to assess the virulence of the isolates for chickens, and sequence analysis of the fusion protein cleavage site were performed before and after passages. The moderately virulent Dove isolate became highly virulent with serial passage. The originally highly virulent Pheasant isolate had an increase in the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) with passages in chickens. Virulence increase was not observed with Ckn-LBM, YN Parrot, Ckn-Australia, or Anhinga isolates after four chicken passages. The results demonstrate the high risk for domestic chickens represented by some NDV-infected non-poultry species, such as doves.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Unexpected isolation of virulent Newcastle disease virus from commercial embryonated fowls' eggs.

The authors report a case of causal isolation of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from embryonated eggs. The virus was isolated from uninfected chicken embryo liver and fibroblast cultures prepared from commercial embryonated fowls' eggs. A serological and virological investigation carried out on the breeders which had laid those eggs showed high titres against NDV, and virus isolation from cloacal swabs. The virus was also isolated from the progeny of the same breeders which showed no clinical signs of ND, following episodes of mortality. Vertical transmission of the virus is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Newcastle disease virus: virus replication in the harderian gland stimulates lacrimal IgA; the yolk sac provides early lacrimal IgG.

An indirect immunoperoxidase monolayer assay was used to measure the location of virus and class-specific antibodies to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of chickens. The intra-ocular vaccination of chicks with the Ulster and Hitchner B1 strains of NDV resulted in the highest titre of virus being recovered from the Harderian gland (HG) at 10(6) iu/0.1 g tissue without any accompanying virus in the faeces. Maternal IgG antibody which was detected in the lacrimal fluid at 1/50 of serum levels of IgG antibody could prevent this replication. Lacrimal IgA antibody to NDV was shown to be absolutely dependent on local virus replication for its production because it reached titres of 10(3) after local intra-ocular infection compared with < 10(1.5) after two intravenous inoculations of inactivated virus. Biliary IgA, by contrast, reached 10(3.5) after either immunisation schedule. Lacrimal IgG and IgM antibody to NDV occurred at 1-9% of the titres of serum antibody to NDV after immunisation with inactivated virus or the passive transfer of NDV-immune serum between chickens. This percentage increased to 13-33% of serum titres after intra-ocular infection with NDV as if the local replication of NDV in the HG stimulated lacrimal antibody of all classes. This is the first report of NDV replication in the HG and of virus-specific IgM in the lacrimal fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Identification of phosphoprotein:phosphoprotein and phosphoprotein:nucleocapsid protein interaction domains of the Newcastle disease virus.

The yeast two-hybrid system has been used to identify domains of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) phosphoprotein (P) involved in self-association and interaction with the nucleocapsid protein (NP). Deletion analysis was used to map the domain(s) of the P protein involved in P:P and P:NP interactions. The C-terminal 45 amino acids (residues 247-291) were shown to play a major role in both of the interactions. Comparison of these findings with other reports suggests that paramyxoviruses are different with respect to interaction domain(s) between these two essential viral proteins involved in genome replication.

Newcastle disease virus↗
PubMed1995

Nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene of a Malaysian heat resistant viscerotropic-velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain AF2240.

The nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) viscerotropic-velogenic strain AF2240 was determined by direct RNA sequencing and by sequencing RT-PCR products. It encodes a single open reading frame of 581 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 63.8 kDa. The predicted sequence contains five asparagine glycosylation sites. Comparison of the AF2240 HN protein sequence with 13 other previously published sequences showed 88% homology. This HN protein is unique because it lacked the Arg 403 residue which is present in all of the other strains and cannot be grouped under the proposed three size classes of HN proteins in NDV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗