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PubMed1996

Undervaccination for Hepatitis B among young men who have sex with men--San Francisco and Berkeley, California, 1992-1993.

The evaluation of efforts to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the United States requires accurate measures of hepatitis B vaccination coverage among children and adults at risk for infection. Although vaccination coverage among children is obtained by nationwide surveys, vaccination coverage among adults at risk for HBV infection has not been well characterized. To estimate hepatitis B vaccination coverage among young men who have sex with men (MSM) (a group known to be at high risk for HBV infection and for whom hepatitis B vaccine has been recommended since 1982), CDC analyzed serologic data from the 1992-1993 Young Men's Survey (YMS) conducted by the San Francisco Department of Public Health. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate low hepatitis B vaccination coverage among young MSM in the San Francisco Bay area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Trends in the AIDS epidemic among men who reported sex with men in New York City: 1981-1993.

New York City is a major urban epicenter of the AIDS epidemic in the United States, and has reported nearly one fifth of the nation's cases. This paper chronicles trends in the AIDS epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) from 1981 through 1993 in New York City. Annual AIDS incidence and cumulative deaths are described, results of survival analysis by race/ethnicity for three time periods are reported, and the effects of the epidemic on premature mortality are shown from the beginning of the epidemic through 1993. Among 25,812 cases reported in MSM, 52% were white, 25% were black and 21% were Hispanic. AIDS incidence among whites has been declining since 1987 and is continuing to increase among minorities. Survival has been improving over time among all groups analyzed, but a persistent differential in survival between different race and ethnic groups is found, with whites surviving longer than minorities. Overall, nearly one half a million person years of life before age 65 were lost among MSM between 1981 and 1993. A rapid increase in AIDS cases among men born 1970-79 who were diagnosed after 1988 suggests a new wave of the epidemic may be occurring, and continued efforts in AIDS education and prevention among MSM entering the age of sexual activity is required.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Men with learning disabilities who have sex with men in public places: mapping the needs of services and users in south east London.

This survey investigated the prevalence of men with learning disabilities who have sex with men in public places in three south east London boroughs. The work was administered through contact with providers of services for people with learning disabilities and was commissioned by the local health authority. It represents the first example of needs assessment work on this theme. Service responses to risk assessment and risk management in relation to HIV and the sexual behaviour of male service users were explored. The survey identified 13 services where this was a management or practice issue, and 16 and 18 men for whom this behaviour definitely or possibly applied. This paper reports the findings of the survey and identifies issues relevant to commissioning and providing services for people with learning disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Intentions to use different modalities of long-acting HIV PrEP among men who have sex with men and transgender and gender diverse persons in the Netherlands.

Insight into intentions to use long-acting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is essential for successful implementation. We assessed intention to use three hypothetical long-acting PrEP modalities (oral, intramuscular and subdermal) among HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and gender diverse persons in Amsterdam, recruited through the Amsterdam Cohort Studies (ACS-participants) and social media (survey-participants). Intention was measured per modality using a 7-point Likert scale. We modeled the probability of high intention to use long-acting PrEP using relative risk regression. Of 1258 participants [1231 (97.9%) MSM; 557 ACS and 701 survey; median age 40 years (IQR 32-50)], 76% had ever used oral short-acting PrEP. Intention to use was highest for monthly oral long-acting PrEP [ACS: median 4.5 (IQR 2-6), 38% high intention; survey: median 7 (IQR 6-7), 81% high intention], followed by 2-monthly intramuscular PrEP [ACS: median 3 (IQR 2-5), 19% high intention; survey: median 5 (IQR 3-7), 47% high intention], and implants [ACS: median 2 (IQR 1-4), 9% high intention; survey: median 4 (IQR 2-7), 37% high intention]. PrEP-experienced participants had higher intention to use oral long-acting PrEP and injectables than PrEP-naïve participants. Offering multiple PrEP modalities may improve the acceptability of HIV prevention strategies and increase PrEP uptake and retention in PrEP care.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

A novel second-generation HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF183_0107) identified among men who have sex with men in China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to report a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF) identified among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. DESIGN: Viral sequences were isolated from MSM patients, and the recombination and evolutionary histories of this CRF were elucidated through phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses. METHODS: Near full-length genomes (NFLGs) and partial genome sequences were amplified from RNA extracted from plasma samples of three HIV-1 seropositive MSM in Heilongjiang Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using FastTree v2.1.9, and recombination analysis was performed using Simplot v3.5.1. The emergence time of the novel CRF was estimated by Bayesian evolutionary analysis using BEAST v1.10.4. RESULTS: Two NFLGs and two partial genome segments were successfully obtained from three MSM participants. This novel CRF was characterized by 12 mosaic gene segments, comprising 6 segments from the CRF01_AE cluster 4 and 6 segments from the CRF07_BC cluster N, and thus was designated as CRF183_0107. The estimated time of origin for the CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC components within CRF183_0107 were approximately 2009.2 and 2012.5, respectively. CONCLUSION: A novel second-generation HIV-1 recombinant, named CRF183_0107, was identified within the MSM population in China. This CRF exemplified the recombination events occurring between the CRF01_AE cluster 4 and the CRF07_BC cluster N during 2009-2012.

Humans↗
PubMed2007

Perceptions of lifetime risk and actual risk for acquiring HIV among young men who have sex with men.

Among young men who have sex with men (MSM) surveyed in six US cities, we evaluated the magnitude and correlates of perceived lifetime risk for acquiring HIV, and missed opportunities to increase risk perception by providers of health-care and HIV-testing services. Overall, approximately one quarter of young MSM perceived themselves at moderate/high risk for acquiring HIV. Adjusting for demographic, prior testing, and behavioral characteristics, moderate/high perceived risk had the strongest association with unrecognized HIV infection. However, half of the 267 young MSM with unrecognized infection perceived themselves at low lifetime risk for acquiring HIV, and many young MSM with low-risk perception reported considerable risk behaviors. Providers of health-care and HIV-testing services missed opportunities to assess risks and recommend testing for young MSM. To increase HIV testing, prevention providers should intensify efforts to assess, and to increase when needed, perceptions of lifetime risks for acquiring HIV among young MSM.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2004

Men's health and psychosocial issues affecting men.

Contemporary scholars are calling on men to rethink "the male deal." As Samuels describes it, "In the male deal, the little boy, at around the age of 3 or 4. strikes a bargain with the social world in which he lives. If he will turn away from soft things, feminine things, maternal things...then the world will reward his gender certainty by giving him all the goodies in its possession." But the "deal" can have damaging effects, as shown in the studies reviewed in this article. Clinicians can help men to rethink the restrictions of the "male deal" so that they may experience the freedom of a wider emotional repertoire and move toward greater joy and wholeness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

The semen of fertile men. II. Semen characteristics of 100 fertile men.

From a population of men applying for voluntary sterilization, 100 consecutive cases were selected according to the following criteria: (1) each man had fathered at least two children; (2) at the time of the request for a vasectomy the man's wife was pregnant; and (3) a complete prevasectomy semen analysis, including sperm morphology, was available. The usual parameters of human semen evaluation are reported: the mean volume of the ejaculates was 3.3 ml +/- 0.84 SD (range, 0.5 to 11 ml); the mean sperm density was 81 million/ml +/- 57 SD (range, 4 to 318); while the geometric mean, which according to the sample distribution is more representative, was 68. The mean percentage of motile sperm was 63% +/- 16 SD (range, 10 to 95%); the grade of forward progression was 3 +/- 0.55 SD (range, 2 to 4); and for sperm morphology the mean number of sperm with oval heads was 75% +/- 6 SD (range, 21 to 90%). Statistical comparison of these findings with those of our previous study of the semen of 1300 fertile men revealed complete agreement; minor statistical differences, on single parameters, with three similar studies are indicated. A positive relationship between the different variables, sperm density and sperm motility (in percentage of motile sperm and degree of forward motion), as well as between the two variables of sperm motility and sperm morphology to the other variables was confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Unrecognized HIV infection, risk behaviors, and perceptions of risk among young men who have sex with men: opportunities for advancing HIV prevention in the third decade of HIV/AIDS.

This study evaluated the magnitude and distribution of unrecognized HIV infection among young men who have sex with men (MSM) and of those with unrecognized infection, the prevalence and correlates of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), perceived low risk for infection, and delayed HIV testing. MSM aged 15-29 years were approached, interviewed, counseled, and tested for HIV at 263 randomly sampled venues in 6 US cities from 1994-2000. Of 5649 MSM participants, 573 (10%) tested positive for HIV. Of these, 91% of black, 69% of Hispanic, and 60% of white MSM (77% overall) were unaware of their infection. The 439 MSM with unrecognized infection reported a total of 2253 male sex partners in the previous 6 months; 51% had UAI; 59% perceived that they were at low risk for being infected; and 55% had not tested in the previous year. The HIV epidemic among MSM in the United States continues unabated, in part, because many young HIV-infected MSM are unaware of their infection and unknowingly expose their partners to HIV. To advance HIV prevention in the third decade of HIV/AIDS, prevention programs must reduce unrecognized infection among young MSM by increasing the demand for and availability of HIV testing services.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

Condom use and perceived risk of HIV transmission among sexually active HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

This study examined the association between HIV transmission risk perception and the sexual risk behaviors of HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Respondents rated the degree of risk of transmitting HIV through insertive anal intercourse and insertive oral sex. We examined (a) the perceived level of HIV transmission risk assigned to each sexual behavior and (b) the association between perceived risk for HIV transmission and condom use during insertive anal intercourse and insertive oral sex. We found for behaviors that have achieved less risk consensus that as transmission risk perception increases, so too does the likelihood of condom use. This study highlights the need for more research in understanding how perceived health risk to others influences protective behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Is HIV/AIDS stigma dividing the gay community? Perceptions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men.

Stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS has existed since the beginning of the epidemic, but little is known about HIV/AIDS stigma within the gay community and how it affects men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. A better understanding of the effects of stigma on this population is needed to reduce it and its harmful effects. Our study used quantitative data from 206 HIV-positive MSM and qualitative data from 250 to document beliefs about HIV/AIDS stigma within the gay community and to measure its effects on sexual risk behaviors, substance use behaviors, serostatus disclosure, and mental health. Stigma was associated with increased levels of anxiety, loneliness, depressive symptoms, engaging in avoidant coping strategies, and history of suicidal ideation. HIV/AIDS stigma exists within the gay community and has a negative effect on the mental health of people living with HIV. HIV/AIDS stigma should be monitored closely so that we may better understand how to address it.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Two decades after vaccine license: hepatitis B immunization and infection among young men who have sex with men.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated hepatitis B immunization coverage and the extent of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among young men who have sex with men (MSM), a group for whom hepatitis B vaccine has been recommended since 1982. METHODS: We analyzed data from 3432 MSM, aged 15 to 22 years, randomly sampled at 194 gay-identified venues in 7 US metropolitan areas from 1994 through 1998. Participants were interviewed, counseled, and tested for serologic markers of HBV infection. RESULTS: Immunization coverage was 9% and the prevalence of markers of HBV infection was 11%. HBV infection ranged from 2% among 15-year-olds to 17% among 22-year-olds. Among participants susceptible to HBV infection, 96% used a regular source of health care or accessed the health care system for HIV or sexually transmitted disease testing. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the availability of an effective vaccine for nearly 2 decades, our findings suggest that few adolescent and young adult MSM in the United States are vaccinated against hepatitis B. Health care providers should intensify their efforts to identify and vaccinate young MSM who are susceptible to HBV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Regional patterns and correlates of substance use among young men who have sex with men in 7 US urban areas.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to characterize substance use patterns in young men who have sex with men (MSM) in 7 US urban areas and sociodemographic characteristics and history associated with such use. METHODS: We examined data collected from 1994 through 1998 in a venue-based, cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: Among the 3492 participants, 66% reported use of illicit drugs; 28%, use of 3 or more drugs; 29%, frequent drug use (once a week or more); and 4%, injection drug use. These practices were more common among participants who were White, self-identified as bisexual or heterosexual, had run away, or had experienced forced sex. CONCLUSIONS: Effective drug prevention and treatment programs addressing local drug-use patterns and associated factors are urgently needed for young MSM, a population with a high rate of illicit drug use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Dermatology-related epidemiologic and clinical concerns of men who have sex with men, women who have sex with women, and transgender individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To review the recent literature relevant to dermatologists regarding sexual-minority patients: men who have sex with men, women who have sex with women, and transgender and intersex individuals. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE for articles relating to sexual-minority patients and dermatology. DATA EXTRACTION: Information regarding clinical, epidemiologic, and terminology issues relating to sexual-minority patients, with particular attention to concerns relevant to dermatologists. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual-minority patients have specific clinical and epidemiologic issues that are relevant to dermatologists. Knowledge of these issues, as well as sensitivity to issues of terminology, can enable dermatologists to better care for sexual-minority patients.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1982

PR interval in middle-aged men with overt and latent coronary heart disease compared to PR in angionegative and normal men of similar age.

PR was measured prospectively in 2014 apparently healthy men ranging in age from 40 to 59 years (P subjects), and retrospectively in 652 hospitalized men with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) (R subjects). A cardiovascular survey examination suggested CHD in 115 of the 2014 P subjects, coronary angiography of 105 of these confirmed this suspicion in 69. The following observations concerning PR were made: (1) the shortest PR was found in angiopositive P subjects, intermediate PR in 1832 normal P subjects, and PR was longest in 36 angionegative subjects. (2) PR was shortest in angiopositive P subjects with triple-vessel disease, and longest in P subjects with single-vessel disease, (3) PR increased with age, and an inverse association was found between PR and resting heart rate in P-subjects. (4) In 98 of 1832 normal P subjects, all without signs or symptoms of heart disease, PR was greater than or equal to 0.22 s. (5) Prolonged PR was no more frequent among the 652 R subjects than among P subjects, despite significant CHD in 595, and a frequent use of drugs known to delay atrioventricular conduction. It is suggested that advanced stable clinical CHD only rarely gives rise to prolonged PR at rest, and that PR in subjects with latent CHD may have somewhat shorter PR than age counterparts without symptoms or signs of CHD. Conflicting data in the literature are probably related to differences in material and methods.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Risk factors for human Herpesvirus 8 infection and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma among men who have sex with men in a European multicentre study.

We aimed to identify risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among HIV-positive patients and behaviors associated with human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection, as well as to assess KS incidence and mortality rates longitudinally. To fulfill the first objective, a European case-control study was designed in the early 1990s (each KS case was matched to 2 controls with another AIDS indicative disease). After the discovery of HHV-8, serology testing enabled us to assess risk factors for KS development among HHV-8 and HIV-1 coinfected men who have sex with men (MSM), as well as risk factors for HHV-8 infection. HHV-8 seroprevalence was determined using a latent immunofluorescence assay. Relevant information was obtained by means of a questionnaire and medical charts review. Assessment of risk factors for KS development and HHV-8 infection was performed using conditional and unconditional logistic regression models, respectively. A low CD4 count was the only significant risk factor for KS. HHV-8 infection was most strongly linked to the number of life-time sex partners, and multiple body fluids such as saliva and semen are quite likely involved in sexual transmission. Longitudinal follow up showed a significant protective role for highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) both on KS development and mortality of KS patients. Although more conclusive data from cohort studies are needed to better define specific transmission mechanisms for HHV-8, our results contribute to explain why KS incidence is higher among MSM, and the decreasing KS incidence trend observed in countries with universal access to HAART.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Increased risk of ischaemic heart disease mortality in elderly men using anxiolytics-hypnotics and analgesics. Results of the 10-year follow-up of the prospective population study "Men born in 1914", Malmo, Sweden.

OBJECTIVES: An increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in users of anxiolytic-hypnotic drugs (AHD) has been reported, and use of analgesics may be an additional factor. Therefore, we examined the association of AHD and analgesic use, alone and in combination, with all-cause and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality. METHODS: Multivariate 10-year survival analysis in a population based cohort of 500 men born in 1914. Relative risks (RR) were adjusted by relevant confounders (blood pressure, serum cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, high alcohol consumption, history of previous IHD, cancer, and other diseases). RESULTS: The RR of both all-cause and IHD mortality were significantly increased among those using both AHD and analgesics compared to those who took neither of these drugs: RR = 1.8 for all-cause mortality, and RR = 2.7 for IHD mortality. CONCLUSION: Although the number of cases was small, warranting interpretative caution, the current study suggests that the combined use of AHD (mainly benzodiazepines) and analgesics seems to be associated with an increase in all-cause and IHD mortality in elderly men.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Long-term consumption of beef extended with soy protein by children, women and men: III. Iron absorption by adult men.

Forty-nine ostensibly healthy men consumed either patties of all-beef or beef extended with soy-isolate, -concentrate or -flour as the principal protein source in 1 to 2 meals daily for 180 days. Iron status was monitored by absorption of radioiron from a reference dose of ferrous ascorbate and by serum ferritin concentration. In addition, nonheme iron absorption from a test meal of the respective beef pattie consumed for the 180 days was estimated by the extrinsic tag procedure. There was no detrimental effect on iron stores as indexed by reference ferrous ascorbate absorption or serum ferritin concentration. Absorption of nonheme iron from the test meals was low except for individuals having indices of low iron stores. When adjusted for the effect of level of iron stores the relative absorption of nonheme iron from soy-isolate and -flour containing meals was greater than from the all-beef meal, indicating marked differences in the effect on iron absorption by different soy products. Consumption of soy-extended beef should have no detrimental effect on iron status of adult men if consumed in mixed diets at the level used in this study.

Adolescent↗