Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Manual Communication”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessing the acquisition and generalization of two mand forms with adults with severe developmental disabilities.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether manual sign or the Picture Exchange Communication System (P.E.C.S.) (Frost and Bondy, 1994) would be more effective in teaching mand skills to adults with mental retardation in the severe and profound range. Four participants were taught to mand for four reinforcing items using both communication modalities, in an alternating treatments design. Three of four participants demonstrated criterion performance across all four mands using P.E.C.S. first. Two of those three participants later demonstrated criterion performance for the mands using manual sign. The fourth participant was removed from the study during training due to illness, but her progress indicated greater acquisition with P.E.C.S. Generalization probes conducted at participants' respective residences showed that three participants demonstrated generalization across settings using P.E.C.S., and two participants demonstrated generalization across settings using manual sign. Participants were also more likely to mand for reinforcing items not present using P.E.C.S. than using manual sign.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of motoric requirements on the acquisition of manual sign responses by severely handicapped students.

Eight severely handicapped school-aged students were given training on communicative signs that varied according to iconic or abstract, touch or nontouch, and symmetrical or asymmetrical sign dimensions to determine the effects of motoric requirements on sign acquisition. A 2 X 2 Latin square design repeated between and within students was used. Symmetrical signs were acquired significantly faster than were asymmetrical signs, and touch signs were acquired significantly faster than were nontouch signs. Results of the acquisition of iconic vs. abstract signs were inconclusive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

That deaf child and you: a forensic approach to the problems of hearing and speech.

Gesture, particularly manual gesture, is an important element in early childhood language formation. Its attempted elimination from the early communicative experience of hearing impaired children raises serious ethical, and possibly legal, questions. Though deaf children are deprived of information by the suppression of Sign Language so that their pretended education becomes a nullity, their cognitive power remains intact and undiminished. Official and academic refusals to recognize gesture and abhorrence, explicit or implied, of non-vocal language systems are culture-specific in their operation. They have no effect on normal children but are highly destructive of hearing-impaired children in direct proportion to the degree of impairment. Thus, sign-deprivation in profound hearing loss is completely destructive. The responsibility, including legal liability, of professionals stands in the same proportion. The most important developmental period for Sign Language is infancy. It is doubly important therefore that, in addition to educators and indeed prior to them, all health professionals who work with hearing impairment of any type be proficient in the principles and practice of nonvocal communication. Sign Language is the hearing aid of the deaf.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1983

Gestural communication in deaf children: noneffect of parental input on language development.

Young deaf children who were unable to acquire oral language naturally and who had not been exposed to a conventional manual language were found to use spontaneously a gesture system that has some of the structural characteristics of early child language. The structural aspects of this gesture system appeared to be neither modeled for the child by the gestures of an adult nor shaped by the responses of an adult. These findings suggest that the child may contribute to structural aspects of the system.

Child Language↗
PubMed1998

An alternate route for preparing deaf children for BiBi programs: the home language as L1 and cued speech for conveying traditionally spoken languages.

This article focuses on nonsigning hearing parents of deaf children who share the goals of bilingual-bicultural (BiBi) programs for their child, opt for their home language to be their deaf child's first language (L1), and have questions about communication options (e.g., oral methods, manually coded English [MCE] systems, or Cued Speech) for conveying that language. We present research findings related to the effectiveness of MCE systems and Cued Speech for conveying English and developing deaf children's reading abilities. We compare the cueing of English and the signing of MCE systems in terms of theoretical and practical advantages. Finally, we suggest research needs.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hippocampal atrophy in persons with age-associated memory impairment: volumetry within a common space.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to demonstrate the assessment of hippocampal atrophy within a standard brain atlas for persons with age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) compared with cognitively intact elderly. METHODS: High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 20 nondemented persons: 10 had AAMI and 10 were normal elderly. Scans were aligned to a common atlas template to control for errors due to variable brain size and orientation as well as facilitating communication of results across centers. Manual outlining every 1 mm with volumes determined for both the hippocampal head and body was accomplished after coronal resampling perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus. RESULTS: Subject groups were similar in age, sex ratios, and educational achievement. The AAMI group had significantly lower volumes for the right hippocampus and hippocampal head (p =.02) compared with controls. CONCLUSION: A growing body of work suggests the right hippocampal head as an early site of atrophy in early memory impairment. Subtle atrophic changes are detectable within a common atlas template allowing imaging assessment across centers.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Development of an autoflow cruise control system for a centrifugal pump.

To improve the ease of driving a centrifugal pump that is afterload dependent, we have developed an automatic flow control system for the Terumo Capiox centrifugal pump system. This system consists of an autoflow cruise control system with a safety cutoff. The Capiox Pump Console 3000 was controlled by a personal computer through a serial communication line. In the usual manual mode, the motor speed knob works as a pump speed control, and in the autoflow mode, the same knob works as a blood flow rate control. After selecting and obtaining the desired flow rate, the mode was changed from manual to autoflow mode. In the autoflow mode, the computer compares the desired flow rate with the actual flow measured by an ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter and adjusts the motor rotational speed accordingly. During both in vivo and in vitro testing, this autoflow mode was able to return the changed flow that was disrupted by either clamping and declamping of the tubing or by the bolus injection of a vasomotor drug to the selected flow rate within 10 s without any significant fluctuation. In conclusion, the newly developed computer controlled autoflow system was able to produce a reliable and effective flow regulation for a centrifugal pump.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Mental health problems in primary care: a research agenda.

PURPOSE: The NAPCRG Task Force on Mental Health Problems was commissioned to explore critical research and policy issues in mental health and to develop a primary care research agenda for review and action by NAPCRG. This "White Paper" presents the key findings and recommendations of the Task Force. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the primary care mental health literature, using MEDLINE searches with manual follow up, and personal communications with many active researchers in the field were performed by the authors; Task Force members participated in the editing and refinement of the White Paper in a series of email and face-to-face meetings. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: Although primary care researchers have made major contributions to our growing understanding of mental health problems as they exist in the "real world" of primary care, rapid changes in the U.S. health care environment threaten to undo the integration of mental and physical health that is at the heart of primary care. It will be necessary for the primary care leaders in this field to step forward to guide policy-makers, purchasers, and the public as primary care is reengineered for the next generation. Efforts to operationalize episode of care and comorbidity recording with EMR systems, particularly in cooperation with managed care corporations and/or primary care research networks, may represent the most effective strategy for promoting the integration of mental health services into primary care. The most promising area for research in the immediate future may be descriptive studies that capture and explore the clinical epidemiology of common mental health problems as they occur in routine practice.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed1996

[Cochlear implant in a child with acquired deafness].

The auditory training course of a 3-year-5-month-old child with acquired deafness who received a Nucleus 22 channel implant is reported. Soon after switching it on, her response was not very clear. There was good subsequent progress in auditory discrimination, whereas the patient's major communication strategy preoperatively had been manual, lip-reading, and written language. Her vowel discrimination score reached 100% in 8 months. The patient's articulation and speech intonation has also improved, and her auditory reception of environmental sounds has also shown relative improvement.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acquisition of graphic communication by a young girl without comprehension of spoken language.

PURPOSE: To describe a graphic-mode communication intervention involving a girl with intellectual impairment and autism who did not develop comprehension of spoken language. The aim was to teach graphic-mode vocabulary that reflected her interests, preferences, and the activities and routines of her daily life, by providing sufficient cues to the meanings of the graphic representations so that she would not need to comprehend spoken instructions. METHOD: An individual case study design was selected, including the use of written records, participant observation, and registration of the girl's graphic vocabulary and use of graphic signs and other communicative expressions. RESULTS: While the girl's comprehension (and hence use) of spoken language remained lacking over a 3-year period, she acquired an active use of over 80 photographs and pictograms. CONCLUSIONS: The girl was able to cope better with the cognitive and attentional requirements of graphic communication than those of spoken language and manual signs, which had been focused in earlier interventions. Her achievements demonstrate that it is possible for communication-impaired children to learn to use an augmentative and alternative communication system without speech comprehension, provided the intervention utilizes functional strategies and non-language cues to the meaning of the graphic representations that are taught.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

Physicians' communication with a cancer patient and a relative: a randomized study assessing the efficacy of consolidation workshops.

BACKGROUND: Although patients with cancer are often accompanied by a relative during medical interviews, to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding the efficacy of communication skills training programs on physicians' communication skills in this context. The objective of the current study was to assess the efficacy of 6 consolidation workshops, 3 hours in length, that were conducted after a 2.5-day basic training program. METHODS: After attending the basic training program, physicians were assigned randomly to consolidation workshops or to a waiting list. Training efficacy was assessed through simulated and actual interviews that were recorded on an audio tape at baseline, after consolidation workshops for the consolidation-workshops group, and 5 months after the end of basic training for the waiting-list group. Communication skills were assessed according to the Cancer Research Campaign Workshop Evaluation Manual. Patients' and relatives' perceptions of and satisfaction with physicians' communication performance were assessed using a 15-item questionnaire. RESULTS: Sixty-two physicians completed the training program. Compared with physicians who participated to the basic training program, when addressing the patient, physicians who were randomized to the consolidation workshops used more open, open directive, and screening questions (P = 0.011 in simulated patient interviews and P = 0.005 in actual patient interviews) and elicited and clarified psychologic concerns more often (P = 0.006 in simulated patient interviews and P < 0.001 in actual patient interviews). When they addressed the relative, physicians who were randomized to the consolidation workshops gave less premature information (P = 0.032 in simulated patient interviews and P < 0.001 in actual patient interviews). When they addressed the patient and the relative simultaneously, physicians who were randomized to the consolidation workshops used more empathy, educated guesses, alerting to reality, confronting, negotiating, and summarizing (P = 0.003 in simulated patient interviews and P = 0.024 in actual patient interviews). Patients, but not relatives, who interacted with physicians in the consolidation-workshops group were more satisfied globally with the interviews (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Six 3-hour consolidation workshops resulted in improved communication skills addressed to patients and to relatives. The current results showed that the transfer of skills addressing relatives' concerns remained limited and that consolidation workshops should focus even more systematically on the practice of three-person interviews.

Communication↗
PubMed2001

Pfiesteria-related educational products and information resources available to the public, health officials, and researchers.

Public and political concerns about Pfiesteria from 1997 to the present vastly exceed the attention given to other harmful algal bloom (HAB) issues in the United States. To some extent, the intense focus on Pfiesteria has served to increase attention on HABs in general. Given the strong and continuing public, political, and research interests in Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder and related organisms, there is a clear need for information and resources of many different types. This article provides information on Pfiesteria-related educational products and information resources available to the general public, health officials, and researchers. These resources are compiled into five categories: reports; website resources; state outreach and communication programs; fact sheets; and training manuals and documentaries. Over the last few years there has been rapid expansion in the amount of Pfiesteria-related information available, particularly on the Internet, and it is scattered among many different sources.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Learning of Blissymbols and manual signs.

Blissymbols and manual signs are two representational systems widely used as alternatives to spoken communication for persons unable to speak understandably. They were compared to determine if there is any advantage of one over the other in ease of learning or in retention. Immediate and 1-day posttest measures were obtained from 20 7- and 8-year-old children engaged in a paired-associate transfer-of-training task using manual signs and Blissymbols. Results showed no overall difference between signs and symbols in number of correct responses on either the immediate or 1-day posttest.

Child↗
PubMed2007

Physicians are different when they learn communication skills: influence of the locus of control.

PURPOSE: Although it is widely recognised that educational interventions may be more effective for people with an 'internal' Locus of Control (who believe that life outcomes are controlled by their own characteristics or actions) compared to people with an 'external' Locus of Control (who believe that life outcomes are controlled by external forces such as luck, fate or others), no study has yet assessed the influence of physicians' Locus of Control (LOC) on communication skills learning. This study aims to test the hypothesis that, in a communication skills training program, physicians with an 'internal' LOC would demonstrate communication skills acquisition to a greater degree than those with an 'external' LOC. METHODS: A non-randomised longitudinal intervention study was conducted between January 1999 and April 2001. Sixty-seven volunteer physicians from private and institutional practice in Belgium participated in a learner-centred, skills-focused, practice-oriented communication skills training program. Communication skills changes were assessed in 2 standardised simulated interviews before and after training (one two-person and one three-person interview). Communication skills were assessed using the Cancer Research Campaign Workshop Evaluation Manual. Physicians' LOC was assessed using the Rotter I-E scale. Communication skills changes of the upper and lower third of physicians in respect of their scores on this scale were compared using group by time repeated measures of variance. RESULTS: In the two-person and three-person interviews, changes in the use of open directive questions were more important among physicians with an "internal" LOC compared with changes observed among physicians with an 'external' LOC (P=0.066 and P=0.004, respectively). In the three-person interview, changes in the use of directive questions, assessing functions and moderate feelings stated explicitly were more important among physicians with an 'internal' LOC compared with changes observed among physicians with an 'external' LOC (P= 0.001; P=0.002 and P=0.011 respectively). CONCLUSION: This study shows that physicians' LOC is a psychological characteristic that could influence the efficacy of a communication skills training program. This evidence supports the idea that a psychological characteristic such as 'internal' LOC may facilitate communication skills acquisition through physicians' belief that communication with patients may be controlled by physicians themselves.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Impact of medical specialists' locus of control on communication skills in oncological interviews.

Although is it widely recognised that physicians' characteristics could influence their communication styles, no empirical evidence is currently available. No studies are available on the impact of physicians' locus of control (LOC) on their communication skills. LOC is a generalised belief regarding the extent to which life outcomes are controlled by an individual's actions (internal LOC) or by external forces such as luck, fate or other individuals (external LOC). It was hypothesised that physicians with external LOC would take more into account others' concerns than physicians with internal LOC and would consequently use more appropriate assessment, informative and supportive functions. A total of 81 medical specialists were assessed in a simulated interview and a clinical interview. Communication skills were rated according to the Cancer Research Campaign Workshop Evaluation Manual. LOC was assessed using the Rotter I-E scale. Communication skills of the upper and lower quartiles of physicians in respect of their scores on this scale were compared using Student's t-test. Results show that physicians with external LOC give more appropriate information than physicians with internal LOC in simulated interviews (P=0.011) and less premature information than physicians with internal LOC in clinical interviews (P=0.015). This result provides evidence that physicians' LOC can influence their communication styles in oncological interviews and in particular the way they provide information to the patient.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗