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PubMed1987

Association of eosinophilic myositis with an unusual species of Sarcocystis in a beef cow.

The carcass of a mature cow had numerous, disseminated lesions typical of eosinophilic myositis. To elucidate the nature and possible cause of the lesions, histological sections were examined by light microscopy and selected areas were removed and processed for electron microscopy. The lesions were granulomatous in nature. Each granuloma contained at its centre an intact or ruptured sarcocyst associated with degenerate muscle fibers. Surrounding this was a layer of epithelioid cells and an intense accumulation of inflammatory cells, most of which were eosinophils. The primary cyst wall of the sarcocysts in these granulomas consisted of hair-like protrusions that featured many unusual electron-dense bodies. Sarcocysts with ultrastructures characteristic of Sarcocystis cruzi and Sarcocystis hirsuta were also present in muscle from the same animal, but these sarcocysts lacked any associated cellular responses. The eosinophilic myositis in this case appeared to be associated with sarcocystosis of an unknown species. Possibly, the inflammatory reaction was due to the host-parasite interaction in an unusual host.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Acute transient myositis after influenza].

The clinical picture, biological findings and outcome of acute myositis during recovery from influenza are so characteristic that can clearly cut-off it from other diseases affecting the muscles. Five cases of acute bilateral lower-limb myositis are described. A flu-like illness had begun to wane before the onset of severe leg pain, preventing the children from walking. All had abnormal serum CPK and SGOT levels. Virological studies were performed with negative findings. The pathogenic mechanism is unknown. We though that more aggressive studies are not justified in view of the transient nature of the patient's illness and their complete recovery. We stress the need of recognizing such disease in every child complaining of lower leg pain associated with very painful walking into a epidemiological setting of a "influenza-like" illness. We also have reviewed the published bibliography is considered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Experimental autoimmune myositis in SJL/J mice.

Experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM), was produced in SJL/J mice by injection of an emulsion of crude syngeneic muscle homogenate and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Nearly all injected SJL/J mice showed necrotic muscle fibres associated with infiltrating mononuclear cells, both within the necrotic fibres and in surrounding endomysial connective tissue. The disease in SJL/J mice was confined to skeletal muscle. Eight other mouse strains of different major histocompatibility types, similarly injected, failed to develop EAM. Direct immunofluorescence staining revealed prominent IgG deposition at the muscle cell membrane and in perimysial and endomysial connective tissue. This staining was present in both involved muscle of immunized SJL/J mice as well as in undamaged muscle from other immunized strains. Circulating anti-muscle antibodies as detected by indirect immunofluorescence staining of normal muscle were also present in both SJL/J mice and non-susceptible strains. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was also developed for detection of serum anti-muscle antibody activity. Three strains of mice, including SJL/J, failed to develop significantly elevated anti-muscle antibody activity after injection of muscle and CFA, whereas six other strains that did not demonstrate histological myositis developed a 10- to 20-fold elevation of anti-muscle antibody activity. These results suggest that the ability to produce anti-muscle antibodies after immunization does not determine susceptibility to histological disease. Although EAM has been previously induced in other species, there have not been previous descriptions of this experimental disease in mice. This murine model may provide new insight into the immunopathogenesis of human inflammatory myopathies.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructure of skeletal muscle in rheumatoid myositis.

Muscle biopsies from 8 cases of rheumatoid myositis (5 females and 3 males) were studied by electron microscopy. All muscle fibers studied showed either necrosis or atrophy, the latter varying from slight to severe. Mononuclear cell infiltration was present in all cases, with 4 types of cells observed (lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and mast cells). The capillary endothelium showed proliferation of organelles, occlusion of lumina, and thickening of the basement membrane. The pathogenesis of muscle damage in rheumatoid myositis is discussed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

Myositis ossificans progressiva and pregnancy.

Myositis ossificans progressiva is a rare inherited ossifying condition of the striated muscle tissue. In the English language literature there is no reported association of this disease with an advanced state of pregnancy, nor is there any well-documented scientific data about the effect of pregnancy on this disease or of this disease on pregnancy. This report is about a patient with myositis ossificans progressiva carrying to 30 weeks' gestation and successfully delivering a viable female infant. The antenatal care and management problems of this case are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Idiopathic myositis of the small intestine. An unusual cause of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in children].

The case reported concerns a child with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) whose digestive manifestations (intestinal adynamia and distension) were present from the age of 6 months and lasted, despite medical and surgical treatments until 4 years of age, when death occurred. The multiple samplings showed important inflammatory reactions centred on the muscular layers of the small intestine, together with degenerative lesions of the muscular fibres, progressively leading to fibrosis and atrophy of the intestinal wall with secondary and final impairment of the myenteric plexuses. The diagnosis of myositis of the small intestine is extremely rare. It is not part of the usual causes of intestinal adynamia and CIPO, which were reviewed. Hollow visceral myopathy and systemic sclerosis of the GI tract were more especially discussed. For lack of etiopathogenic convincing data and of similar observation in the literature, this case may be temporarily considered as an idiopathic myositis of the small intestine, a potentially new cause of CIPO.

Appendix↗
PubMed1985

Myositis ossificans. A clinicopathologic study of 21 cases.

This clinicopathologic study concerns 21 patients with myositis ossificans, whose ages ranged from 7 to 81 years (average, 40.3 years). The lesions were located in the thigh (10 cases), upper arm (6 cases), and other sites (5 cases). In all patients the lesion was solitary, and in all but one, it was seen within the muscle. Histologically, the lesions exhibited a wide range of histologic features with different amounts of immature fibroblastic cells, osteoid, cartilage, and young or mature bone accompanied by fibrous connective tissue. They could be classified into three types according to the predominant or most striking histologic features. Type I (6 cases) was characterized by highly cellular areas with islands of osteoid, having occasionally been confused with extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma. Type II lesions (8 cases) consisted mainly of osteoid and young bone rimmed by osteoblasts, in the occasional presence of cellular areas. Type III lesions (7 cases) were made up almost wholly of mature bone and cartilage surrounded invariably by dense fibrous connective tissue. Prognosis was excellent in 17 patients for whom follow-up information was available. Difference between Type I myositis ossificans and extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma was briefly described, following an additional review of three cases of the latter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Streptococcal myositis.

Two patients had streptococcal myositis. Both patients developed extensive muscle necrosis and overwhelming sepsis after trivial skin trauma. Death occurred within 48 hours of hospital admission despite aggressive surgical and medical treatment. Review of the literature is included to highlight the fulminant nature of this unusual infection and to contrast streptococcal myositis with other soft-tissue streptococcal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Myositis ossificans progressiva and pregnancy. A therapeutic dilemma.

Myositis ossificans progressiva is a rare but progressively debilitating autosomal dominant disease characterized by extraskeletal ossification involving muscle connective tissue. This report is the first on pregnancy and induced abortion in a patient with myositis ossificans progressiva. Intraoperative sector scanning ultrasound was of limited benefit in evacuation of the uterine cavity. Conservative management of an incomplete termination resulted in no adverse sequelae.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1985

Idiopathic eosinophilic myositis with preexisting fibromyalgia.

Idiopathic eosinophilic myositis is a rare entity. Only 6 other cases have been reported in the literature. We report a patient with degenerative joint disease and fibromyalgia who subsequently developed eosinophilic myositis over a tender trigger area.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Granulomatous myositis during collagenosis (one case) and suprasellar dysgerminoma (one case) (author's transl)].

Two cases of mainly interstitial myositis with epitheloid and giant cells are reported. In the first case, the late amyotrophic-type paralysis of the two girdles, of the clinical myositis type, was associated with severe myocardial damage, the atrioventricular conduction disorder requiring a pace-maker. This observation would appear to be a true polymyositis of the collagen diseases, in view of the associated skin affection, death occurring within a year, a large increase in serum muscle enzymes and urine creatine, the existence of a rheumatoid factor and striated muscle antibodies, and a large increase in M and G immunoglobulins. In the 2nd case, the amyotrophic affection of the pelvic girdle was associated with progressive blindness, diabetes insipidus, and anterior pituitary insufficiency. Death occurred after two years and autopsy showed a suprasellar dysgerminoma (ectopic pinealoma) without any visceral localization of sarcoidosis. The authors discuss the concept of granulomatous polymyositis, autonomous with respect to the sarcoidosis, and sometimes symptomatic of an inflammatory connective tissue condition or a malignant tumor.

Blindness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nodular fasciitis and proliferative myositis as variants of one disease entity.

The concept of nodular fasciitis and proliferative myositis as variants of the same fibroblastic disorder is supported by intermediary cases, showing simultaneous features thought to be typical of either nodular fasciitis or proliferative myositis. Various other anatomical, pathological and clinical similarities found in this study of 100 cases support such conclusions. 'Ganglion-like' cells were a distinct, but not exclusive, feature of all cases with sole, or only partial, muscle involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Equine myositis and septicemia caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus infection.

Myositis and septicemia caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were diagnosed in a mare. The infection was characterized clinically by ventral swelling and edema, diarrhea, listlessness, and rectal temperature of 39.4 C. The mare was treated symptomatically for 2 days but died on the 3rd day. Conditions seen at necropsy were myositis, enteritis, typhlitis, colitis, and hepatitis. Lymph nodes were moderately enlarged throughout the body. Gross lesions in musculature were edema, scarring, petechiae, and an occasional exxhymosis. The enteritis was catarrhal, with excessive mucus and moderate hyperemia. The typhlitis and colitis were hemorrhagic. The swollen liver had a diffuse mottled pale and red pattern. Microscopic lesions in skeletal muscle consisted of petechiation, necrosis, scarring, and edema. Cardiac muscle was also scarred and necrotic, but edema was not prominent. Periacinal necrosis was found in the liver. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was isolated from myocardium and liver.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1983

Orbital myositis.

We report five cases of presumed orbital myositis mimicking extraocular muscle motility disturbances and manifesting clinical signs of active inflammation over the involved muscles. Computed tomographic evidence for extraocular muscle enlargement is helpful in confirming the diagnosis. If not present or atypical, another etiology should be sought. All patients responded rapidly and dramatically to systemic corticosteroids. Anterior inflammation may be accompanied by iritis and respond to topical corticosteroids. We believe the diagnosis of orbital myositis may be made on clinical grounds with confirmation by computed tomographic evidence for extraocular muscle enlargement and clinical response to corticosteroids. Biopsy is unnecessary except in atypical cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Myositis in other connective tissue disorders.

The clinical features, laboratory tests, EMG and muscle biopsy findings are notably similar in many patients with primary and overlap polymyositis. Studies of the immunological abnormalities and immunopathology in both types of inflammatory skeletal muscle conditions are closely related. Thus, there can be little doubt that both primary and overlap myositis are part of the spectrum of autoimmune rheumatic disease. With the recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies that are capable of defining more precisely the cells in a myositis infiltrate, and the development of more refined in vitro tests to study effector cell populations, the precise mechanisms that cause muscle damage are much closer to being identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Generalized eosinophilic myositis with sarcosporidiosis in a Finnish cow.

A case of generalized eosinophilic myositis with sarcosporidiosis in a Finnish cow is reported. The whole carcass was condemned because of massive changes in skeletal muscles. Cat or man are the final hosts of Sarcocystis bovifelis or Sarcocystis hominis. The aetiology of eosinophilic myositis remains open and so does the question whether sarcosporidiosis has something to do with it.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Is myositis in chronic polyarthritis using d-penicillamine drug-induced?].

Myositis was diagnosed twenty months after starting treatment with d-penicillamine in a patient suffering from uncomplicated rheumatoid arthritis for nearly three years. The diagnosis was established by electromyographic investigation and by biopsy. In this patient d-penicillamine had been intermittently increased to a dose over 1 g per day and then reduced because of mild proteinuria. The appearance of myositis during d-penicillamine therapy, its immediate regression on discontinuing the drug, and the absence of signs of vasculitis or other extraarticular manifestations in this patient suggest that this complication may be drug-induced. The clinical course is compared with isolated cases reported in the literature. The significance of this rare side effect is discussed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1983

[Proliferative myositis].

A 86-year-old female patient is reported with myositis proliferans according to the criteria described by Enzinger and Dulcey (1967). This disease, first described by Kern (1960), impressed as a painful, firm and immovable tumor of almost 3 cm in size situated at the upper lip of our patient. Myositis proliferans can simulate a sarcoma, histologically and clinically; therefore, this disease shall be introduced to the dermatologic literature avoiding unnecessary invasive treatment. There is a relationship to fasciitis nodularis; a clinical and histological differentiation is possible as in our patient.

Aged↗