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PubMed2001

Using the national nutrition monitoring system to profile dietary supplement use.

The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program (NNMRRP) was defined by Congress in 1990 as "the set of activities necessary to provide timely information about the role and status of factors that bear on the contribution that nutrition makes to the health of the people of the United States" (7 U.S.C. section sign5302). The NNMRRP includes nearly 100 components at both the national and state level; the keystone components are the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics) and the Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals (conducted by the Agricultural Research Service). These surveys were designed to measure individuals' consumption of foods and beverages and the nutrient intakes resulting from this consumption; expansion of these surveys to include dietary supplements and their nutrient contributions has been and continues to be a significant challenge. This article identifies the data needs regarding consumer use of dietary supplements in terms of the analytical demands to address the contribution dietary supplements make to "the health of the people of the United States." Important gaps in the data currently available are discussed. Current efforts to address dietary supplements are described along with recommendations regarding efficient use of the keystone surveys as well as other components of the NNMRRP.

Dietary Supplements↗
PubMed2004

Accuracy of SRM and power tap power monitoring systems for bicycling.

PURPOSE: : Although manufacturers of bicycle power monitoring devices SRM and Power Tap (PT) claim accuracy to within 2.5%, there are limited scientific data available in support. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the accuracy of SRM and PT under different conditions. METHODS: : First, 19 SRM were calibrated, raced for 11 months, and retested using a dynamic CALRIG (50-1000 W at 100 rpm). Second, using the same procedure, five PT were repeat tested on alternate days. Third, the most accurate SRM and PT were tested for the influence of cadence (60, 80, 100, 120 rpm), temperature (8 and 21 degrees C) and time (1 h at ~300 W) on accuracy. Finally, the same SRM and PT were downloaded and compared after random cadence and gear surges using the CALRIG and on a training ride. RESULTS: : The mean error scores for SRM and PT factory calibration over a range of 50 - 1000 W were 2.3 +/- 4.9% and -2.5 +/- 0.5%, respectively. A second set of trials provided stable results for 15 calibrated SRM after 11 months (-0.8 +/- 1.7%), and follow-up testing of all PT units confirmed these findings (-2.7 +/- 0.1%). Accuracy for SRM and PT was not largely influenced by time and cadence; however, power output readings were noticeably influenced by temperature (5.2% for SRM and 8.4% for PT). During field trials, SRM average and max power were 4.8% and 7.3% lower, respectively, compared with PT. CONCLUSIONS: : When operated according to manufacturers instructions, both SRM and PT offer the coach, athlete, and sport scientist the ability to accurately monitor power output in the lab and the field. Calibration procedures matching performance tests (duration, power, cadence, and temperature) are, however, advised as the error associated with each unit may vary.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

New translocations in human lymphocytes: a mutagen monitoring system.

The human lymphocyte is a premier cell for monitoring chromosome aneuploidy. The lymphocyte is easily obtained, can be studied before and after culture, and has been extensively investigated. Assays available for lymphocytes include the scoring of chromosome breaks (subjective and laborious), the analysis of chromosome abnormalities such as increase or decrease in number (versus normal background), dicentrics etc., and the micronucleus test (presumable end-state phenomena). We propose the monitoring of somatic chromosome translocations in human lymphocytes. Background data available from North America indicate that the frequency of de novo chromosome translocations in Halifax, Portland, Denver, and Atlanta is about 1.7 x 10(-3). The most common translocation arising in lymphocytes is between chromosomes 7 and 14 (with a frequency of 4 x 10(-4). All translocations occurring de novo in human lymphocytes tend to appear balanced with no evidence for loss or gain of chromosome material. Cytogenetic laboratories are processing lymphocytes daily. The resultant photographs and karyotypes are all scorable for de novo translocations. Suitable data on exposure to possible mutagenic agents could be collected in advance of these chromosome studies. This would provide a new method for monitoring chromosome changes in the population. The cost of monitoring lymphocyte chromosomes for somatic translocations would be small, since numerous laboratories study lymphocytes rountinely for clinical diagnostic purposes. There may be merit in availing ourselves of easily available data from a very available species: man.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed2000

[Implanted rhythm monitoring system--diagnostic and therapeutic options of anti-bradycardic pacemakers].

Monitoring of pacemaker patients is usually performed by 24 hour-long-term-ECG or event recorder. The newer pacemaker generation offers a variety of diagnostic features such as histograms, event counters of sensed or paced beats, trends of periodically measured lead impedance and amplitudes of sensed beats as well as automatic measurements of ventricular threshold. Predefined episodes of atrial and ventricular tachyarryhthmias can be documented as intracardiac electrogrammes and validated during pacemaker follow-up, thus leading to therapeutic consequences. Patient-triggered episodes can proove or exclude arrhythmogenic events. Special algorithms try to suppress the occurence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, newest pacemaker systems are even able to terminate atrial tachyarryhthmias by rapid atrial overdrive stimulation. Diagnostic and therapeutic options of modern antibradycardic pacemakers offer a permanent implanted rhythm-monitoring and try to reduce the incidence of atrial tachyarrhythmias.

Atrial Fibrillation↗
PubMed2006

[The design of a wearable ECG and respiration sensor vest and its monitoring system].

This article describes the design of a sensor vest and its corresponding measuring and transfering system which can be used for ECG and respiration monitoring in mobile and noninvasive conditions. The electric conduction textile is sutured in the inside of the vest in its specific position to be detecting electrodes, which are connected to the vest edge. The signal is then connected to the measuring and transferring system. in which the microcontroller and circuits monitor the ECG, heart rate and respiration data. The data are transmitted through the serial communication to a PC, and then are received and displayed with Visual Basic program.

Clothing↗
PubMed2004

A multi-station dynamic-culture force monitor system to study cell mechanobiology.

To study mechanobiological responses of cells, a dynamic-culture force monitor (D-CFM) system has been developed. The D-CFM extends our previous work to measure contractile forces of a cell-populated collagen gel (CPCG) using a cantilever beam with semiconductor strain gauges. Linear actuators are used in the system and are computer controlled using a LabVIEW interface to independently apply precise motion waveforms to multiple CPCGs. The feasibility tests showed that the new system can detect the differences in force patterns resulting from different motion waveforms imparted to the CPCG. This new system will facilitate the study of the effects of dynamic mechanical loading on cells, remodeling of extracellular matrix, and cell-matrix interactions in vitro.

Cell Culture Techniques↗
PubMed2006

Wireless pressure monitoring systems.

Sensor systems based on micro- and nanotechnologies allow continuous monitoring and control of therapeutic procedures. Advances in this area are transferring this functionality into long-term, fully implanted systems. Some of these developments and applications are described here.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMed1999

Accuracy of a photogrammetry-based patient positioning and monitoring system for radiation therapy.

A photogrammetry system designed to reduce simulator-to-treatment and treatment-to-treatment patient positioning errors has been developed. Two complete systems have been installed in our department: one in the simulator room and one in a treatment room. Each system consists of three charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras; a ring of infrared LEDs around the lens of each camera; and several small, circular, retroreflective markers that are applied to the patient. The markers reflect infrared light directly back to the cameras, producing a binary image of oval hot spots when the image is thresholded. The three-dimensional position of each marker is calculated by conventional photogrammetry methods. At simulation, marker positions are measured, then transferred to the treatment room system. The system may be used to actively position patients, and to passively monitor a patient's position and motion during treatment. Studies have focused on measuring the system's temporal stability, precision, and accuracy; on optimal positioning of markers and cameras; and on assessing the system's capability to reduce the positioning error. The repeatability of measuring a marker's position is <0.1 mm in each orthogonal direction. The accuracy is approximately 0.5 mm over a 40 X 40 X 40 cm3 field of view. The system drift over four hours is approximately +/-0.2 mm. The photogrammetry system has been used to actively position a lead BB, embedded within a head phantom, at the isocenter; repeatability was +/-0.3 mm, as determined radiographically. The system has also been used to passively monitor the positioning of several head and neck patients that were set up by a therapist; setup errors of up to 10 mm in each orthogonal direction were measured, as well as the motion of the patient during treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Development and application of a long dynamic range nitrous oxide monitoring system.

The laboratory and field evaluation of a nitrous oxide monitor for an extremely wide range of cumulative exposures are reviewed. The passive sampling behavior and high analyte capacity show it to be useful for short-term and full workweek exposure monitoring. The monitor has application for both area and personnel surveillance. The principal criterion is for an accurate report of exposure time of the monitor. Application of the monitor to real workplace environments--with and without a reference method--demonstrated the ability of workweek monitoring as a valuable and potentially superior way of documenting exposure stress of employees. Environmental factors such as humidity and temperature variation are shown to have acceptably small effects on both short- and long-term exposure data; barometric pressure affects the data in a predictable manner. Paired dosimeters show good agreement in the workplace environment throughout the range of 6-40 cumulative hours of exposure. In both hospital and dental operating suites, work logistics and work group relationships were readily traceable on a week-by-week basis during a continuous weekly monitoring program. Source emissions and appropriate worker and work area exposure relationships were clearly evident, with appropriate reduction of all exposures as a result of an abbreviated work schedule. The ability to effectively track employee and area exposure excursions in an integrated weekly manner leads to a whole series of new applications and concepts of industrial hygiene surveillance. Such approaches could effectively replace the speculative statistical approaches currently in use with actual data on a cost effective basis.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Health indices, which characterize the efficiency of the sociohygienic monitoring system, in the Moscow population].

The paper presents some indices that characterize morbidity in the Moscow population, which suggest positive trends in the health status in all population groups. These include stabilization of overall morbidity rates; a down-increase in the incidence of respiratory diseases and bronchial asthma; a reduction in overall morbidity in infants of the first year of life, including a reduction in the incidence of life-threatening diseases (perinatal pathology and congenital malformations; a decrease in the incidence of alimentary diseases associated with social factors. The found positive changes reflect the efficiency of introduction of the sociohygienic monitoring (AHM) system. One of the mechanisms of introduction of AHM results is to submit data to the Moscow Government in the annual reports "On the Moscow population's health status" which cover demography, morbidity, female health, and the regional features of the population's health in relation to environmental factors. Based on information, managerial decisions and measures to improve the sanitary-and-epidemiological situation in Moscow are taken and implemented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Development of a control and monitor system for the cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation(CPCR) device].

A novel idea in developing cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscition(CPCR) device has been developed, using a combination of membrane artificial lung(oxygenator), mild-hypothermia, and centrifugal blood pump technologies. A control system for the CPCR has been introduced, using converter control and sensor monitor, with 8031 chips as the controller. Pressure, flow rate and temperature monitors were installed in the system. Two modes of blood pump regulation have been adopted, i.e. continous flow and pulsatile flow. The in vitro evaluation tests showed that the two modes were reasonable and feasible.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Clinico-chemical methods within a drug monitoring system in psychiatry (author's transl)].

Laboratory methods within a drug monitoring should provide maximum information with a minimum number of investigations. Greatest attention must be paid to the comparability of results between the institutions and over the whole length of the investigational period, i.e., possibly several years. This article concentrates on (a) selection of appropriate variables; (b) selection of appropriate methods and sampling times; (c) quality control and the problem of "normal values". A tentative selection of approx. 20 variables proposed for a drug monitoring in psychiatric patients. Clinico-chemical methods serve not only to detect adverse drug reactions but also to facilitate the interpretation of observed effects, e.g., in "risk-patients".

Bile↗
PubMed1993

Continuous transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and electroencephalography during carotid endarterectomy: a multimodal monitoring system to detect intraoperative ischemia.

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and EEG monitoring during carotid endarterectomy provide continuous information on the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex, blood flow velocities in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery, and the occurrence of microemboli. One hundred thirty carotid endarterectomies performed with TCD and EEG monitoring were studied prospectively. During cross-clamping of the carotid artery a high correlation was found between EEG asymmetry and reduction of blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery (p < 10(-6), Student's t test). Microemboli were detected in 80 patients during the operation. Although not statistically significant, this occurrence of microemboli was associated with signs and symptoms of intraoperative ischemia (p = 0.08, Fisher's exact test). In comparison with earlier studies, a tendency toward intraoperative stroke reduction was noted. Only one nondisabling intraoperative stroke occurred (0.8%). In addition to the EEG, TCD monitoring of hemodynamic changes and microemboli in the middle cerebral artery provides important information to the surgeon instantaneously. TCD monitoring of blood flow velocities and embolism during carotid endarterectomy may help to reduce the number and gravity of intraoperative stroke.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A disease monitoring system for dairy herds.

A system for recording and evaluating disease, intended for both dairy herd health monitoring and research purposes, is described. The system was initiated in 1960 with the objective of providing a research database and it has been developed to respond to the herd health management needs of modern farmers and veterinarians. The system is probably one of the oldest disease recording systems in existence and has contributed to the expansion of epidemiological knowledge of dairy cattle diseases and has helped to improve the health management of dairy herds. The history of the system, the herd reporting form and various analyses and reports generated with the system are presented.

Animals↗