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PubMed2005

Female morphology and systematic status of Philometroides cyprini (Nematoda: Philometridae), a parasite of carp.

Gravid females of Philometroides were found under the scales of stock carp Cyprinus carpio L. imported from Lithuania to the Czech Republic in the spring of 1997 and kept in a quarantine pond. These specimens and those obtained from pond-cultured carp in Russia (Moscow district) were used for detailed morphological studies, including scanning electron microscopy. The results confirm that the valid name of this parasite is Philometroides cyprini (Ishii, 1931), whereas Philometra lusii Vismanis, 1962, Philometra schikhobalowae Belous, 1965, Philometra lusiana Vismanis, 1966 and Philometroides lusiana (Vismanis, 1966) Ivashkin et al., 1971 are its junior synonyms. P. cyprini, the agent of a serious disease of carp, seems to have been originally distributed in east Asia, from where it was introduced into Europe in the early 1960s.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clonality in the postfire root rot ascomycete Rhizina undulata.

The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential for territorial and dispersive clonality in natural populations of the postfire root rot ascomycete Rhizina undulata. Population studies based on vegetative compatibility tests were done with strains isolated from individual sporocarps at five burned sites in three different localities (separated by 20-40 km) in the Curronian Spit of western Lithuania. Among a total of 103 strains, the tests identified 14 distinct vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of R. undulata, 13 of which were represented by 2-48 strains and three were encountered at 2-4 different sites. Occurrence on spatially separated sites of the same VCG of the fungus indicated a presence of dispersive clonality in R. undulata populations. On a local scale clusters of vegetative compatible sporocarps usually occupied discrete territories, implying territorial clonality. The two largest VCGs covered areas up to 7 and 3 m across. The results show that both dispersive and territorial clones are characteristics of natural populations of the fungus.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed2004

Exposure to urban nitrogen dioxide pollution and the risk of myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to determine whether long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an indicator of motor vehicle exhaust, increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted among men aged 25-64 years and residing in Kaunas, Lithuania. The study included all cases of first-time myocardial infarction in 1997-2000. Interviews with patients treated in hospitals elicited information on smoking and other risk factors, including residential histories. A high response rate (77.4%) resulted in 448 cases and 1777 controls. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was selected for analysis as an indicator of traffic-related air pollution. The annual air pollution levels were estimated for the residential districts; thereafter the data were linked to the home addresses of the cases and controls. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, education, smoking, blood pressure, body mass index, marital status, and psychological stress, the risk of myocardial infarction was higher for the men exposed to medium [odds ratio (OR) 1.43, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.04-1.96] and high (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.07-1.92) NO2 levels. The data suggested a stronger association among 55- to 64-year-old men. The risk of myocardial infarction increased by 17% among the 25- to 64-year-old men (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01-1.35) and by 34% among those aged 55-64 years (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.08-1.67) from the first to the third tertile of NO2 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that urban NO2 pollution may increase the risk of myocardial infarction and that vehicle emissions may be of particular importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Results of polyresistant tuberculosis treatment: data of the Santarishkes Republican tuberculous hospital].

In 1994-1996 the Santarishkes republican tuberculous hospital (Lithuania) has admitted 98 patients (82 males, 16 females) with polyresistant tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis were resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin). Of these, 13 patients were untreated, 17 had recurrences, 68 had chronic tuberculosis. After polyresistance of M. tuberculosis was found, the patients received an individual treatment with sensitive drugs. 20 patients were operated. The absence of bacteria was achieved only in 24 (24.5%) patients. Tuberculous lesions in the lungs disappeared and clinical symptoms relieved in 14 of them. In 74(75.5%) nonresponders the course of the disease was unfavourable. Negative treatment outcomes were observed in 38.5%, 64.7% and 85.3% of new-onset, recurrent and chronic cases, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strategy for prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta by linkage analysis to the type I collagen loci COL1A1 and COL1A2.

To improve prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in Lithuania, possibilities of indirect molecular genetic diagnosis were investigated in 11 families with dominant OI. Segregation of polymorphic DNA markers closely linked to COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes with OI phenotype was investigated. Polymorphic DNA markers applied were individual haplotypes constructed using a set of restriction enzyme sites within or close to the genes. Comparison of phenotypic features with the concordant collagen locus showed that in four pedigrees with OI Sillence type I segregated with COL1A1, while two pedigrees with OI Sillence type I and OI type IV segregated with COL1A2. Out of six remaining pedigrees with OI Sillence type I, three were concordant at both loci, two pedigrees were discordant at the locus COL1A2 and non-informative at the locus COL1A1 and one pedigree was concordant at the locus COL1A1 and non-informative at the locus COL1A2. Informativity of DNA markers applied was also investigated in the Lithuanian OI families. The frequencies of six restriction enzyme site dimorphisms in type I collagen loci were estimated and polymorphism information content (PIC) values were calculated for each restriction site and for a combination of three sites. COL1A1 locus dimorphisms A/MspI, B/RsaI and F/MnlI, showed PIC values of 0.327, 0.191 and 0.366, respectively, giving a combined PIC of 0.656 at the locus, while COL1A2 locus dimorphisms C/EcoRI, D/MspI and E/RsaI RFLPs had PIC values of 0.357, 0.168 and 0.331, respectively, giving a combined PIC of 0.655 at the locus.

Alleles↗
PubMed1975

The incidence of otosclerosis in the general population.

The incidence of clinical otosclerosis in the general population of Lithuania (USSR) was recorded from December 1961 to May 1970. A total of 974 otosclerotic individuals were found during this period, 27.2% of whom were males and 72.8%, females. In the majority of these patients, the clinical diagnosis of otosclerosis was confirmed at operation. The incidence of clinical otosclerosis in the population was found to be about 0.1%. The ratio of incidence of clinical:histological otosclerosis in the population investigated is assumed to be 1:4. The age period at risk for clinical otosclerosis is between 16 and 50 years, the greatest age period at risk being 20 to 40 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experience in the study of the peculiarities of the distribution of the tick Ixodes ricinus in a large territory].

Attempts were undertaken to study the character of the distribution of I. ricinus over a large territory. Methodic principles of the land survey of arthropods distribution and laboratory processing of its results, that were used before for I. persulcatus, were found to be quite suitable for I. ricinus. It was established that hungry adults of I. ricinus have at least three types of the distribution throughout the forests of Lithuania. Types of the distribution can be ascertained by the results of the record of I. ricinus nymphs with a flag.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Water policy differences between a western democracy and a country in economic transition.

Where environmental policy is concerned Western democracies and transition economies share more similarities than differences. Sound environmental policies require substantial investment. Public-private cooperation can play a major role in the search for solutions, but politicians, environmentalists and academics must act vigorously to ensure that big business does not acquire a final say in the implementation of environmental policy. Lithuania as a transition economy faces major environmental challenges, but international collaboration, including working with the European Union and cross-border cooperation with neighbouring states, is bringing good results. A major unifying factor for the Baltic Sea states is the continuing struggle to purify and protect the Baltic Sea.

Baltic States↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of characteristics of distribution of the tick Ixodes ricinus over a large territory].

Attempts were undertaken to study the character of the distribution of I. ricinus over a large territory. Methodic principles of the land survey of arthropods distribution and laboratory processing of its results, that were used before for I. persulcatus, were found to be quite suitable for I. ricinus. It was established that hungry adults of I. ricinus have at least three types of the distribution throughout the forests of Lithuania. Types of the distribution can be ascertained by the results of the record of I. ricinus nymphs with a flag.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Toxin producing micromycetes on fruit, berries, and vegetables.

In 1999-2001 the investigations on mycological state of stored and sold fruit, berries, and vegetables grown in Lithuania and imported from other countries were performed. The samples of foodstuff were taken from storehouses, various supermarkets, and market places. Such ecological conditions lead to a rapid spreading of micromycetes and contamination of other articles of food stored and sold nearby. On fresh fruit and berries the development of microorganisms is slow. However, microorganisms penetrate into internal tissues of berries and fruit, thus becoming difficult to notice visually. Some microorganisms, especially micromycetes of some species belonging to the Penicillium Link, Aspergillus Mich. ex Fr., and other genera, are able to produce secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) of various compositions that are toxic to plants, animals, and humans. Therefore, the ability of micromycetes to synthesise and excrete toxic secondary metabolites was examined. Considering this issue, 393 micromycete strains ascribed to 54 genera and 176 species were tested. 46 strains were identified as active producers of toxic substances and were selected for further examinations. Most of them belonged to the Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium genera. Their detection frequency on the investigated berries, fruit, and vegetables was determined, and the impact upon warm-blooded animals (BALB/c mice) was tested. Significant changes of the internal organs and blood composition were found in mice infected with toxic micromycetes. In conclusion, it was evidenced that more than 10% of micromycete strains developing on incorrectly-preserved fruit, berries and vegetables, produce toxic secondary metabolites that pose a potential health hazard for people eating or handling the foodstuff.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Malignant tumor incidence in employees of the Alytus textile factory (1978-1997)].

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cancer incidence in the large cotton-manufacturing factory in Lithuania. Altogether 10,198 workers employed at least 1 year in 1969-1997 were included in the cohort and followed during the period 1978/01/01-1997/12/31. National cancer rates were used to calculate the expected number of cancer cases. The overall cancer risk for men was slightly higher than that in the general population (standardized incidence rate (SIR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.98-1.34). A significant increase in the incidence of esophagus (11 observed cases, SIR 3.76, 95% CI 1.88-6.67) and slightly increased of lung (42 observed cases, SIR 1.26, 95% CI 0.91-1.70) cancer became evident. None of the cancer risk showed statistically significant excess cancer incidence in the textile-processing (spinning and weaving) departments (SIR 0.98). In the women cohort the level of the general incidence was very close to expected, standardized incidence rates (SIR) being 0.99 (95% CI 0.88-1.13). However, there was a significant increase in the number of cases of gall bladder (6 observed, SIR 3.19, 95% CI 1.17-6.95). The analysis of the results among textile-processing (spinning and weaving departments) workers indicated the elevated risk of breast cancer (44 observed cases, SIR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08-2.0) and cervical cancer (24 observed cases, SIR 1.68, 95% CI 1.08-2.50). The number of lung cancer cases in this group was a higher, but statistically not significant (5 observed cases, SIR 1.53, 95% CI 0.5-3.58). Increased SIR values were observed for > or = 10 years since the first exposure for all cancers, cervix uteri, ovary and kidney. CONCLUSIONS: The overall cancer risk for men cohort was slightly higher than that in the general population. There was a significant increase in the number of cancer of the esophagus. The overall excess risk in women cohort was only for gall bladder, but for spinners and weavers the elevated risk was for cervix uteri and breast cancer. After 10 years of employment the excess risk was already for all cancers, cervix uteri, ovary and kidney malignant tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[The European Registry of Cataract Surgery Outcomes: Clinic of Ophthalmology, Kaunas University of Medicine].

PURPOSES: Evaluate the outcome of cataract surgery in Clinic of Ophthalmology, Kaunas University of Medicine (COKUM) and to compare it with the outcome of the European Cataract Outcome Study Group (ECOSG) data. METHODS: The study was started on the 1st of October, 2000 and ended on the 30th April, 2001 on the basis of the protocol of the European Cataract Outcome Study Group. Every patient at each participating unit having surgery during the first study month was evaluated. The study was closed 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: The study enroled 3944 patients, out of them 361 was from COKUM. The mean induced astigmatism was 0.86+/-0.21 D in COKUM and 0.63+/-0.23 D in ECOSG. The visual acuity of the operated eye was 0.3 or lower in 28.1 percent of patients, 0.4-0.7 in 31.7 percent and 0.8 or higher in 40.2 percent of COKUM patients in the whole study group percentages were 11.8, 27.6 and 60.6, respectively. 44.3 percent of COKUM patients; underwent phacoemulsiphication, while among ECOSG this procedure was the most common (91.8 percent). The number of complications during surgery was 5.5 percent of all cases in COKUM while in European countries it was 3.7 percent. CONCLUSION: Cataract surgery data collected from 39 units in 18 European countries allowed participants to compare their performance with that of colleagues in an anonymous manner. This study is also an indicator of cataract surgery development in COKUM and in Lithuania.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Initial experience of thoracic surgery in Klaipeda regional Hospital].

OBJECTIVES: Study and profound analysis of primary clinical results of the recently established department of Thoracic surgery. Klaipeda Regional Hospital currently functions as a multiprofile facility and covers Western area of Lithuania. More than 274 patients were cured here within the past 8 months. Majority of patients, i.e. 205 (74.82%) were operated; 26 (12.68%) of them underwent surgery urgently and 179 (87.32%) - on planned basis. A large scale of different interventions was performed: 156 (76.1%) - complex operations of lungs, pleura, esophagus, mediastinum and others. All the rest - 49 (23.9%) - operations with minimally invasive procedures, i.e. thoracoscopy, mediastinoscopy, tracheostomy, esophagus stenting etc. CONCLUSIONS: Primary experience of thoracic surgery in Klaipeda regional hospital has good basis for the future development of this activity.

Emergencies↗
PubMed2002

[Coronary atherosclerosis and blood groups of ABO system in women (own data and review)].

UNLABELLED: Earlier we have shown significantly more frequent B blood group and a significantly more rare O blood group of ABO blood group system in men aged under 45 years suffering from coronary atherosclerosis compared with these frequencies in the population of Lithuania. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of blood groups of ABO system in women with coronary atherosclerosis. MATERIALS: The frequency of the ABO blood groups was examined in 441 women, suffering from coronary atherosclerosis, divided into two groups: I group - 109 women till 60 years old (mean age 55.1+/-4.8) and II group - 332 women aged over 60 years (mean age 68.1+/-5.0). For all patients coronary atherosclerosis was diagnosed by coronary angiography and confirmed during coronary bypass surgery. The frequency of the ABO blood group in the studied pts was compared with the frequency of the blood group in the control group of healthy blood donors (n=595). To evaluate the significance of data, we compared the frequency of ABO blood groups with the data in women long-livers (n=75, mean age 94.1+/-3.8). Earlier our studies showed that long-livers are an important antiatherosclerotic control group for evaluation of the genetic markers of atherosclerosis. RESULTS: The O blood group was found significantly more rarely in the women group I as compared to that of healthy donors group (28.4% vs 38.2%, p<0.04). The B blood group was significantly more often in group II (22.9% vs 15.0%, p<0.04) compared with the frequency of the B blood group in the healthy donors' group. In the long-livers' group the frequency of the B group was significantly more rare than in healthy donors (6.7% vs 15%, p<0.01) as well as in the groups of tested pts (20.2% and 22.9% respectively, p<0.01). We did not find any significant changes in the frequency of AB blood group in women with coronary atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: The B blood group can be related with coronary atherosclerosis in women. The O blood group can possibly serve as a protective antiatherogenic factor in women. The A blood group is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis in women in Lithuanian population. Long-livers are an important antiatherogenic control group for evaluation of atherogenetic markers of coronary atherosclerosis.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2003

COL1A1 mutation analysis in Lithuanian patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a generalised disorder of connective tissue characterised by an increased fragility of bones and also manifested in other tissues containing collagen type I, by blue sclera, hearing loss, dentinogenesis imperfecta, hyperextensible joints, hernias and easy bruising. OI is dominantly inherited and results in >90% OI cases, caused by mutations in one of the two genes COL1A1 or COL1A2 coding for type I procollagen. The Lithuanian OI database comprises 147 case records covering the period of 1980 - 2001. Clinical and genealogical analysis of OI cases/families from Lithuania available for examination revealed 18 familial cases of OI type I and 22 sporadic cases: OI type II (3 cases), OI type III (11 cases) and OI type I (8 cases). As a result of their molecular genetic investigation, 11 mutations were identified in the COL1A1 gene in 13 unrelated patients. Of them, nine mutations (E500X, G481A, c.2046insCTCTCTAG, c.1668delT, c.1667insC, c.4337insC, IVS19+1G > A, IVS20-2A > G, IVS22-1G > T) appeared to be novel, i.e. not yet registered in the Human Type I and Type III Collagen Mutations Database (http://www.le.ac.uk/genetics/collagen).

Collagen↗
PubMed2003

[Tuberculous pneumonia in children].

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. Data from WHO show that one third of the world population is estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TM). TB remains an important problem for adults and children in Lithuania as number of new diagnosed children's TB cases vary between 16.7-21.8 per 100 000 population. The aim of this article is to present the TB pneumonia in childhood: peculiarities of clinical forms, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment and results. The diagnosis of TB in children more often is made on epidemiological data, supposed by clinical symptoms, tuberculin skin test and chest radiography results, rather than bacteriological data. Clinical symptoms of TB pneumonia are mostly similar to atypical pneumonia, caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae. We discussed similarities and differences between atypical and TB pneumonia, based on 10-year data of our patient ill with atypical and TB pneumonia, (123 - 63.7%) and (69 - 36.3%) respectively. Chemotherapy of TB is directed towards the eradication of TM. The main principle of TB chemotherapy is regular, directly controlled and long-term usage of several antituberculous drugs. The child, ill with TB, is totally cured, when he has no clinical symptoms or laboratory findings specific for TB and is able to return to his normal social life. Two clinical cases of children ill with TB pneumonia are discussed as well. We hope that this article and two clinical cases would remind pediatricians and family doctors to be aware of still possible TB in childhood.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

[Hospitalizations of hemodialysis patients (data of Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital in 2001)].

The number of patients with end-stage renal disease is increasing, therefore the need of renal replacement therapy is increasing. Rising cost of treating end stage renal disease patients includes not only the cost of dialysis procedure but also the cost of hospitalizations and ambulatory medicamental treatment. There is no analysis done of hospitalizations of end-stage renal disease patients in Lithuania. Our purpose--to examine hospitalization rate, causes and duration in end-stage renal disease patients dialyzed in Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital. We analyzed ambulatory case records of all end-stage renal disease patients dialyzed in our clinic in November 2001. Retrospective data about diabetes, ischemic heart disease, Karnofsky score, hospitalization rate and causes of hospitalizations were collected. Hospitalizations of the year 2001 analyzed separately. The study included 111 patients. There were 123 hospitalizations in 75 patients, 1967 total hospital days. Admission rate was 1.34+/-1.5 per patient year, 19.82+/-25.96 hospital days per patient year, the mean length of each hospitalization--16.26+/-11.57. Most frequent causes of hospitalization--start of hemodialysis, infections, other causes, rare cause - hemodialysis complications. Karnofsky score correlated negatively with duration of hospitalizations per patient year. No statistically significant correlation was found between duration of hospitalizations and the presence of diabetes, ischemic heart disease, the way of starting hemodialysis (urgent or not). In comparison with other countries, in our center there were less hospitalizations but longer hospital days per admission.

Adult↗