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PubMed1989

[Comparison of physiological work capacity in lifting and carrying the loads].

Comparative data on the physiologic value of carrying over (along the horizontal surface with the rate of walking of 4.5 km/hr) and load lifting from the floor up to 0.7 m with the rate of 6, 10, 16 per min are given, the magnitude of external load with the weight of 4-300 H being different. Physiologic values of the completed work have been compared because of the significant difference in the work load when lifting and carrying over some objects. It is demonstrated that external load magnitude and physiologic value of muscular work are directly correlated. Physiologic work value during load lifting per work unit is higher than that during its carrying over. The ratio of physiologic value of load carrying over and lifting is different under various magnitudes of external load.

Energy Metabolism↗
PubMed1986

Spinal configuration during lifting.

The change in spinal configuration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions in relation to an amount of weight lifted was determined using videophotogrammetry. Fifteen healthy male subjects, 20-38 years of age, with no previous history of back pain participated in the study. The subjects lifted a crate containing 0, 10, and 20 kg weights using the straight-legs, bent-over-back method of lifting. The results showed that cervical and thoracic spinal segment configurations were not significantly influenced by the amount of weight lifted and that the mobility of the lumbar spinal segment was significantly decreased with increasing load (p = .03).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Kinematics and kinetics of the dead lift in adolescent power lifters.

This study documented characteristics of the dead lift of teenage lifters. Films of 10 "skilled" and 11 "unskilled" contestants in a Michigan Teenage Powerlifting Championship provided data for analysis. Equations of motion, force, and moments were developed for a multisegment model of the lifters' movement in the sagittal plane and applied to the film data. Analysis was limited to 1) body segment orientations, 2) vertical bar accelerations, 3) vertical joint reaction forces, 4) segmental angular accelerations, 5) horizontal moment arms of the bar to selected joints, and 6) intersegmental resultant moments. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) in body segment orientation indicated a more upright posture at lift-off in the skilled group. Maximum vertical bar acceleration and angular acceleration of the trunk tended to occur near lift-off in the skilled lifters. The unskilled subjects demonstrated greater variability and magnitude in linear and angular acceleration parameters. In all lifters, maximum vertical force was experienced at the ankle joint. Within each subject, the hip joint experienced the greatest torque because of the relatively large horizontal moment arm of the bar (dominant mass in the system) to this joint. In all subjects, the magnitude of the mass lifted, and not the technique, was the primary determinant in the intersegmental resultant moment acting at the hip and the vertical force experienced at the ankle, knee, and hip joints.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1982

Energy flow during Olympic weight lifting.

Data obtained from 16-mm film of world caliber Olympic weight lifters performing at major competitions were analyzed to study energy changes during body segment and barbell movements, energy transfer to the barbell, and energy transfer between segments during the lifting movements contested. Determination of barbell and body segment kinematics and use of rigid-link modeling and energy flow techniques permitted the calculation of segment energy content and energy transfer between segments. Energy generation within and transfer to and from segments were determined at 0.04-s intervals by comparing mechanical energy changes of a segment with energy transfer at the joints, calculated from the scalar product of net joint force with absolute joint velocity, and the product of net joint torque due to muscular activity with absolute segment angular velocity. The results provided a detailed understanding of the magnitude and temporal input of energy from dominant muscle groups during a lift. This information also provided a means of quantifying lifting technique. Comparison of segment energy changes determined by the two methods were satisfactory but could likely be improved by employing more sophisticated data smoothing methods. The procedures used in this study could easily be applied to weight training and rehabilitative exercises to help determine their efficacy in producing desired results or to ergonomic situations where a more detailed understanding of the demands made on the body during lifting tasks would be useful.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Improvement of lifting heavy objects work.

In 1993, the Ministry of Labour and Welfare had to make compensation payments to 11,308 workers (equivalent to 7.22%) for their sickness caused by lifting and moving heavy objects. This figure tends to be increasing each year. From survey of working conditions, we found that most workers beaned their back in order to lift heavy objects repeatedly in each working day. Therefore, it is important to educate and train our workers to change their working habits in order to solve this problem. This study was conducted within a targeted group of 40 workers, aged between 20-30 years, whose duties are to lift soft drink cases. The study involved observing the workers' way of performing their work, interviewing them regarding the pain in different parts of the body, and testing of their muscle strength. We discovered that these workers beaned their back when lifting soft drink cases repeatedly and thus experienced moderate to medium levels of back pain. Moreover, their muscle strength weakened at the end of each working day. We then undertook training courses, educating them and showing them how to do it right. The workers have accordingly implemented the new method they have learned in performing their daily responsible tasks. Follow-up studies to assess the results were made continuously and we were pleased to learn that back pain problem has dramatically decreased. A comparison of muscle strength before and after work showed that the decrease of back muscle strength was less in the experimental group than in the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The association of trunk muscle cross-sectional area and magnetic resonance image parameters with isokinetic and psychophysical lifting strength and static back muscle endurance in men.

The relationship between trunk muscle morphology as measured on transverse magnetic resonance images and isokinetic lifting, psychophysical lifting, and static back muscle endurance testing was examined in 110 men, ages 35-67 years (mean, 48 years), who had been chosen based on their exposure to a wide variety of occupational and leisure-time physical activities. The computed T2-relaxation times and the T2-weighted and proton density-weighted signal intensities of the erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, and psoas major muscles had almost no association with any of the strength tests. The cross-sectional areas of the muscles had good correlations with isokinetic lifting strength (r = 0.46-0.53). They did not correlate well with psychophysical lifting and static back muscle endurance. Other characteristics or neurological or psychological factors may have more influence on those tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Feasibility of a nurse staffed lift team.

The present investigation evaluated the feasibility of creating a lift team with existent medical center nursing staff. Four nurse volunteers at low risk for injury were trained in proper lifting techniques and equipment use. Scheduled and paged maximal assistance transfers were performed by rotating pairs of team members over 21 days. The team successfully completed 94% of requested lifts, averaging 25 per day. Transfers between bed and chair were performed most frequently with the aid of a transfer belt. Greatest demands for team services were on a nursing home unit and an extended/subacute care unit. Unit staff responded positively to the team. Further research is needed to determine the team's impact on unit wide staff injuries and to evaluate the long term effects of working as a lift team member.

Back Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the endoscopic forehead-lift to improve brow position in persistent facial paralysis.

Traditionally, the asymmetrical brow in facial paralysis has been treated with open procedures. There are few data that support the use of endoscopic procedures to treat patients with facial palsy or paralysis. We sought to evaluate a single surgeon's experience with the use of endoscopic forehead-lifts to treat asymmetrical brow positioning resulting from facial nerve disorders. All cases involving patients who underwent endoscopic brow-lifts by the senior author (Y.D.) from 1997 through 2003 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data were collected, and patient satisfaction was determined from postoperative interviews conducted at follow-up visits. Standard photographs were used to measure the degree of preoperative and postoperative brow asymmetry. A total of 31 cases were available for review. The average age of our patient population was 47 years (age range, 22-76 years), with a male-female ratio of almost 1.5:1. Twenty-three patients had a complete paralysis, and 8 patients had a palsy. The average preoperative difference in height at the desired apex of brow was 5.9 mm, with a range of 3.0 to 9.0 mm. The average postoperative difference (as measured at 12 months) in brow position was only 1.3 mm, with a range of 0 to 3 mm. Adjunctive periorbital procedures were performed in the majority of patients (90%) at the time of endoscopic brow-lifting. All patients felt that their brow position was much improved after surgery. No major complications were encountered. A single patient underwent a secondary open direct browpexy to optimize his result. Endoscopic brow-lifting may be associated with favorable outcomes in the majority of patients with facial nerve palsy or paralysis. Performing concurrent adjunctive periorbital procedures as deemed necessary to optimize lower eyelid position, eyelid closure, and upper eyelid symmetry appears to be safe and reliable.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1989

Role of the sensorimotor cortex in postural adjustments accompanying a conditioned paw lift in the standing cat.

The role of the sensorimotor cortex in the postural adjustments associated with conditioned paw lifting movements was investigated in the cat. Cats were trained to stand quietly on four strain gauge equipped platforms and to perform a lift-off movement with one forelimb when a conditioned tone was presented. The parameters recorded were the vertical forces exerted by the paws on each platform, the lateral and antero-posterior displacements of rods implanted on the T2, T12, L5 vertebrae as well as their rotation, and the EMG of triceps and biceps of both forelimbs. Before lesion, the postural adjustment consisted of a "non-diagonal" pattern where the CG was displaced laterally inside the triangle formed by the three remaining supporting limbs. Here a lateral bending of the thoracic column toward the supporting forelimb could be observed. The associated EMG pattern consisted of an early activation of the triceps lateral head in the moving limb which was probably responsible for the body displacement toward the opposite side, and a late biceps activation associated with the lift. In the supporting forelimb, a coactivation of the biceps and triceps was usually present. After contralateral sensorimotor lesion, the conditioned lifting movements were lost for 4-15 days after the lesion, before being subsequently recovered. The same lateral CG displacement and bending of the back was seen after lesion as before, which indicates that the goal of postural adjustment was preserved. However, the means of reaching it were modified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of a mild weight-lifting program on the progress of glucocorticoid-induced atrophy in rat hindlimb muscles.

The effect of a mild weight-lifting program on the progress of glucocorticoid-induced atrophy was investigated. Groups of rats were either injected daily for 6 weeks with triamcinolone acetonide, 1 mg/kg (group S), subjected to a weight-lifting program 4 times per week (group T), or subjected to the injection and weight-lifting programs concurrently (group ST). The training program, besides decreasing the normal body weight gain of control (group C) rats, had no effects on gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. In group ST, the extent of gastrocnemius atrophy was less severe than in group S, and the mean areas of all fiber types were greater in similar proportion. Gastrocnemius muscles were also tetanically stronger (g, g/g body weight) in group ST than group S. The soleus muscles of groups ST and S were similar in all indices of size and strength, except for a significantly decreased fast-twitsch-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) mean fiber area in the ST seleus muscles. The extent of fast-twitsch muscle atrophy resulting from chronic glucocorticoid treatment can be lessened by mild weight-lifting exercise. Differences in fiber area responses between soleus and gastrocnemius may reflect recruitment and/or metabolic differences of similar fiber types in the two muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Criteria for the forehead lift.

We have developed clinically useful measurements to assist the surgeon in deciding when to do the forehead lift and where to place the incision. Also, we have reviewed our experience over the past decade and discuss the four categories and applications of forehead lifts. We use three indications for forehead lift: ptosis, creases, and previous facelift (PCP). There are four basic surgical techniques applicable to the upper face: (1) direct browlift, (2) midforehead crease incision, (3) prehairline incision, and (4) posthairline incision. We determined more accurate guidelines from measurements taken on 50 volunteers, as well as patients seeking a facelift. The line of measurement in a vertical plane extends from the midpupil to the top of the eyebrow and up to the hairline. We have found that the normal distance from the midpupil to the upper edge of the eyebrow on average is 2.5 cm and that the distance from the upper edge of the eyebrow to the hairline is approximately 5 cm on average. If the distance from pupil to brow is less than 2.5 cm, then the patient may benefit from a forehead lift. If the distance from brow to hairline is less than 5 cm, then we use a posthairline incision in females. If this same distance is greater than 5 cm in females, we advise the prehairline incision. In male patients we strongly consider direct crease incision. The direct browlift is reserved for minimal ptosis, asymmetry, or patients who wish a minimal procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Minimally invasive sinus lift. Limits and possibilities in the atrophic maxilla].

The minimal invasive sinus lift is a procedure done by osteotome technique via a crestal approach in contrast to the sinus elevation via lateral osteotomy to achieve adequate bone-height for setting of implants. The purpose of this anatomical and clinical study was to evaluate by endoscopic control if the minimal sinus lift is practicable by a residual bone height of less than 8 mm without mucosal damage. An endoscopic controlled sinus lift was done on 10 fresh cadavers. The original bone height was 3-6 mm in the lateral maxilla. The sinus mucosa was elevated by an osteotome at least up to 10 mm. A sinus augmentation was performed with a bone substitute material (Algipore) over the implant bed. There was no tear visible on endoscopic control. Finally, the maxilla was removed and the mucosa inspected. No laceration of the mucosa was found in any case. The clinical study included 7 patients. 5 Patients had bone condensation, augmentation of bone and implantation of 13 mm implants in a one stage procedure. The originally bone height was between 6-8 mm in all patients. One of the five patients did show a small perforation of the mucosa during mucosal elevation at one implant-bed. The implant was inserted and an endoscopic control after 6 weeks showed regular mucosa. 2 patients received augmentation only at a primary bone height of only 3-5 mm. A post-operative CT-scan showed that the bone height was augmented to a total height of 13-16 mm. As a result of our study a sufficient bone height can be achieved by the minimal invasive sinus lift procedure. The advantage of this crestal approach is the protection of the intraosseous vessels in the maxilla and less postoperative morbidity. As a disadvantage, the insertion of bone material limited only to the area surrounding the implant bed, might be discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Postural responses triggered by multidirectional leg lifts and surface tilts.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between proactive and reactive components of postural control. We contrasted the kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) responses to multidirectional voluntary leg lifts with those elicited by unexpected surface tilts. In particular, we addressed the role of trunk stabilization following either a voluntary or forced weight shift from double to single limb support. Nine young female subjects stood with a standing posture of 45 degrees toe-out and their arms abducted to shoulder level. On the experimenter's signal, subjects either (1) lifted one leg as fast as possible in one of six directions (R/L side, R/L diagonal front, R/L diagonal back) to a height of 45 degrees or (2) maintained standing as the support surface tilted at a rate of 53 degrees /s to a height of 10 degrees in one of six directions (R/L-up, R/L diagonal toes-up, R/L diagonal toes-down). For both tasks, our results showed that the center of pressure (COP) displacement began before or in conjunction with displacement of the center of mass (COM), after which the COP oscillated about the horizontal projection of the COM. In addition, the muscles were recruited in a distal-to-proximal sequence, either in anticipation of the voluntary leg lift or in response to the sudden surface tilt. Thus, the COP was being used dynamically to control displacement of the COM. The axial postural strategy comprising head, trunk, and pelvis movements was quantified by means of principal component analysis. More than 95% of the variance in the data could be described by the first two eigenvectors, which revealed specific coordination patterns dominated by pelvis rotation in one direction and head/trunk rotation in the opposite direction. Unexpected surface tilting elicited an automatic response strategy that focused on controlling the orientation of the head and trunk with respect to the vertical gravity vector while trunk verticality was compromised for movement generation and the recovery of postural equilibrium during leg lifting. In conclusion, regardless of the type (voluntary versus involuntary) or direction of perturbation, the strategy employed by the central nervous system to control the body COM displacement concerns mainly trunk stabilization.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Acquisition of anticipatory postural adjustments in a bimanual load-lifting task: normal and pathological aspects.

Anticipatory adjustments of forearm posture are associated with a voluntary load-lifting movement in bimanual load-lifting tasks. Three aspects of these adjustments are analyzed: their goal, their central organization, and their acquisition. The goal of the anticipatory adjustment in this task is to minimize the perturbation of forearm posture that occurs during unloading. The central organization is based on two parallel controls responsible, respectively, for the lifting movement of the moving forearm and the anticipatory postural adjustment of the postural forearm, their coordination depending on a central timing signal. The acquisition of the anticipatory postural adjustment was tested using a paradigm where the voluntary movement performed by one hand triggered, via an electronic switch, the load release of the postural forearm. It was achieved after 40-60 trials and was not graded as a function of the voluntary movement parameters, but of the disturbance of the postural arm about to occur. The learned anticipation was not transferred when, after a first acquisition session with one forearm as the postural forearm, a second learning session was performed with the other forearm as the postural forearm. The acquisition was tested in Parkinsonian and in hemiparetic patients with capsular lesion. The highest acquisition deficit was observed in hemiparetic patients, when the contralateral forearm was the postural forearm; the deficit was less important when the ipsilateral arm was postural. Surprisingly, the anticipatory postural adjustments in hemiparetic patients were rather well preserved when the natural load-lifting task was tested. These results suggest that the basal-ganglia SMA circuit and M1 premotor areas are important in the acquisition process.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Minimally invasive facial rejuvenation endolaser mid-face lift.

Endolaser mid-face lift was performed on patients in a multi-center study over a 36-month period (Feb. 1998 to Feb. 2001). It permits significant facial rejuvenation through small incisions. This technique achieves aesthetic results and wider rejuvenation while being less traumatic and creating minimal morbidity. Combined with other procedures, it rejuvenates the face by three strategic methods: soft tissue suspension, reversal of photo aging, and correction of the depletion of volume. To achieve this triple result, the mid-face lift is performed by endoscopic approach, and in every case is combined with the endoscopic lift of the frontal area. Laser resurfacing was used to reverse skin photo damage. The Ultrapulse CO2 laser and/or the Ultrafine Erbium YAG(Coherent, Inc, Palo Alto, CA) were used. The third combined procedure was the introduction of fat graft to compensate the atrophy/ptosis of fat and the depletion of bone mass (other filling materials besides fat may be used, depending on the preference of the surgeon). Our method of fixation using the Casagrande Needle (an evolution of Reverdin Needle) makes the mechanical purchase on the tissues to be suspended much easier, permitting the intra-oral and/or infra-orbital incisions to be eliminated. The present study of the technical evolution of the endolaser mid-face lift method allows us to conclude that a very satisfactory outcome has been reached, offering patients a minimally invasive procedure, which can be performed under local anesthesia, with low morbidity, imperceptible incisions, and an excellent long-term result.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Temporal lift by galeapexy: a review of 270 cases.

The purpose of this technique is to correct the ptotic tail of the brow and crow's feet as well as to redrape the premalar skin to allow us to make a greater skin resection in the lower lid. The purpose of this presentation is to expose the advantages, the inconveniences, and the complications of this technique. We reviewed the charts of 270 patients who were operated on between June 1996 and January 2002. The average age of the patients was 45 years old. Temporal lifts were performed during a frontotemporal lift in 92 cases, and during a three-stage lift (frontal, facial, and cervical) in 170 cases. In eight cases, an isolated temporal lift was performed. An upper blepharoplasty was performed in 252 cases and transconjunctival fat pad excision was performed in 188 cases. Finally, a lower lid skin resection was done following a galeapexy in 241 cases. The surgical approach consists of a temporal incision, followed by a subgaleal dissection, and then a subcutaneous dissection that allows the cephalic galea, previously incised, to be anchored to the temporal aponeurosis. This allows good cutaneous redraping that raises the brow tail and a detachment of the orbicularis fibers. The suturing of the scalp is done without tension and without eliminating hair. The results of the technique with a follow-up period of more than five years for the earlier cases and six months for the last cases, were evaluated with three criteria: (1) the distance between the brow and the eyelashes, (2) the reduction of crow's feet, (3) the reduction of wrinkles at the level of the lower lid and the malar region. Overall satisfaction was also rated. Of 270 patients, 225 had ratings of very good to good, 13 had average results, and 13 had unsatisfactory results. As far as complications, five had unilateral hematoma requiring an evacuation, four patients had temporary alopecia, and eight patients had temporary frontal muscle weakness that resolved within one to three months. This technique, performed under local anesthesia, is very efficient, reproducible, and simple. The incidence of complications can be reduced when one is meticulous during dissection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autoprosthesis buttock augmentation during lower body lift.

With the increasing popularity of bariatric surgery, patients with multiple body contour deformities have become more common in plastic surgery practice. Most of the deformities involving the abdomen, thighs, and buttocks can be effectively corrected with belt lipectomy and lower body lift. A common problem with this procedure is postoperative loss of gluteal projection and resulting flattened buttock contour, which is directly proportional to the extent of lower body lift achieved. The use of local myocutaneous flaps to provide coverage for the lumbosacral defects is a common plastic surgery procedure. The authors have used these techniques to create an autologous buttock implant for additional projection during a lower body lift. A local myocutaneous flap originating within the regularly excised supragluteal tissue is rotated caudally to function as an autologous buttock implant. This flap has reliable circulation, can be custom designed for each patient, requires minimal additional operating time, and allows the creation of more than one flap if necessary. This article describes the results of this procedure used for 20 consecutive women. There were no major complications, and the most common minor complications included delayed wound healing and local hardness in the area, suggesting fat necrosis, which resolved without intervention in a few months. High patient satisfaction combined with a low complication rate suggests that this reliable, versatile technique nicely complements the lower body lift procedure.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2000

Is it necessary to lift the abdominal wall when preparing a pneumoperitoneum? A randomized study.

BACKGROUND: In order to create a pneumoperitoneum with the Veress needle, it is generally advocated that the abdominal wall should be lifted. Lifting is aimed at increasing the distance between the abdominal wall and the intraabdominal structures. This study was conducted to compare lifting (L) and nonlifting (NL) of the abdominal wall. METHODS: All patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery without previous abdominal surgery or morbid obesity were included in the study group. The number of attempts needed for proper positioning of the needle was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients were randomized. There were no complications. The number of attempts needed for correct positioning of the Veress needle was significantly higher in the L group than in the NL group (31 of 75 vs nine of 75, p < 0.001). The body mass index (BMI) of patients in whom peritoneal entry needed more than one puncture was significantly higher than the BMI of patients with immediate proper placement (28.3 vs 24.7 kg/m(2), p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Abdominal wall lifting is not necessary.

Abdominal Muscles↗