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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Heterotypic antibodies in Liberian sera causing anomalous reactions when using a commercial haemagglutination test for hepatitis-B surface antigen.

Agglutinins reacting with normal and tanned sheep erythrocytes were the probable cause of false positive reactions given by 51 of 214 Liberian sera when using a commercial passive-haemagglutination test for hepatitis-B surface antigen. Absorption showed these agglutinins to be identical to those described earlier in Nigerian sera. Rheumatoid factor and anti-sheep-serum antibodies although present in 12 and five per cent respectively of all sera were not responsible for any false positive reactions. The practical conclusion is that such tests, based on sheep erythrocytes are unsuitable for screening this population.

Antibodies, Heterophile↗
PubMedDate not supplied

West African beliefs about mental illness.

TOPIC: Traditional West African beliefs about the cause and treatment of mental illnesses. PURPOSE: To demonstrate how learning about West Africa's cultural beliefs allowed the instructor to teach psychiatric nursing in a way that integrated, rather than dismantled, the students' cultural beliefs. SOURCE: Content analysis of West African students' written assignments. CONCLUSION: Psychiatric/mental health nurses must understand the client's culture in order to understand the client.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1969

Linguistic structure and transposition.

Transfer of a learned discrimination along the size dimension was studied in groups of American and African tribal children. The language spoken by the African children contains an asymmetry in the expression of size comparisons that is not present in English. Contrary to theories of linguistic mediation of choice behavior, transfer choices were not related to the differing linguistic patterns; however, initial choices and post-test descriptions of choices were so related.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Impact of mass treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin on the transmission of infection.

Onchocerciasis is a major blinding disease that, until recently, has been essentially untreatable. Ivermectin is a safe and effective drug for the mass treatment of onchocerciasis and when used on an individual basis, it reduces the ability of the treated person to transmit Onchocerca volvulus infection. In the present study, the effect of community-based ivermectin treatment on the degree of transmission within the community was assessed by determining the incidence of new infection in children. Ivermectin was distributed annually on three occasions to the eligible members of a population of approximately 14,000 people living on a rubber plantation in a forest area endemic for onchocerciasis. After 2 years, the prevalence of infection in 5-year-old children decreased by 21%. The annual incidence in an uninfected cohort of children decreased by 35% and, after age-specific adjustment, the reduction in incidence in 7- to 12-year-old children was 45%. Thus, community-based distribution of ivermectin led to a significant reduction in incidence of new infection. These findings suggest that ivermectin can be important in reducing the transmission of onchocerciasis.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of a simian immunodeficiency virus related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 from a west African pet sooty mangabey.

Two of 25 healthy pet sooty mangabey (SM) monkeys (Cercocebus atys) living in West Africa were seropositive by immunoblot when surveyed for antibody to simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac). SIVsmLIB1 was isolated from one of the pet sooty mangabeys. Nucleotide sequence data showed that this isolate is a member of the SIVsm/human immunodeficiecy virus type 2 (HIV-2)/SIVmac group of primate lentiviruses. Furthermore, sequence comparisons revealed extensive genetic diversity among SIVsm isolates similar to that observed previously in SIV isolates from naturally infected African green monkeys. These observations provide additional evidence for monkey-human cross-species transmission of SIVsm as the source of HIV-2 infection of human.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Serum protein polymorphisms in a Liberian population.

Serum protein variations were studied in a Liberian population living in Buchanan town. Of the alpha 1-antitrypsin genes only M1 and M3 were polymorphic. The frequencies of the haptoglobin and Gc genes were in accordance with earlier known estimates in African populations. There was, however, a relatively low frequency of Hp 0 which may be related to the low malarial parasite prevalence in this group. The transferrin C2 gene was found in a significantly lower frequency among Liberians compared to European and Asiatic populations. A new transferrin variant was observed by isoelectric focusing. This variant could not be identified with conventional starch or polyacrylamide electrophoresis.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1997

Can spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) discriminate vocalizations of familiar individuals and strangers?

In a field experiment, tape-recorded vocalizations of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) were played back to investigate whether individuals were able to discriminate between group members and strangers. Monkeys responded remarkably similarly in the two cases, with no significant difference found between the numbers of calls given by an individual, or the types of call given. However, a group was more likely to give some vocal reaction when hearing a stranger's call than when hearing one from an individual of their own community. Further, the only instances in which agonistic territorial behaviours occurred were in reaction to strangers' playbacks. No significant effects on the response given were produced by the sex of the caller, the location and time of day of the broadcast, the size of the subgroup hearing the call or the activity in which they were involved. These results are discussed with respect to acoustic, social and ecological factors that may lead to the apparent lack of vocal discrimination of strangers within the community range.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Antibiotic resistance of Shigella in Monrovia.

Twenty Shigella strains were isolated from bloody stools, of which 10 had been collected from children. Eighty per cent of the Shigella isolates were serogrouped as S. flexneri. All 20 Shigella strains were susceptible to gentamicin, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. More than 80% were resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and tetracycline and 65% were resistant to chloramphenicol. Ten of 20 Shigella isolates showed a quadruple resistance to all four antibiotics. The usefulness of nalidixic acid for the treatment of multiresistant Shigella infections is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

Infectious disease challenges in immigrants from tropical countries.

BACKGROUND: In today's mobile society, international travel and immigration are becoming increasingly more common. This poses an additional challenge to the clinician to expand the differential diagnosis to include diseases endemic to the area of travel. OBSERVATION: We present a case of malaria and tuberculosis in a 16-year-old African male immigrant. He had several encounters with the health care system for complaints of nonspecific symptoms for which he was treated with antibiotics without follow-up. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should take a complete history and expand their differential diagnosis to include diseases endemic to the country of origin and/or travel when treating an international patient. This not only will allow prompt treatment of the patient's condition but also will address public health concerns.

Adolescent↗