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PubMed1993

Comparison of intradermal allergy test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in dogs with allergic skin disease.

Results of an ELISA for allergen-specific IgE were compared with results of an intradermal (ID) allergy test in 5 clinically normal dogs and 36 dogs referred for evaluation of allergic dermatitis. The ELISA had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 0%. Agreement between ID allergy test and ELISA for positive and negative results ranged from 44 to 56% for pollens, 39% for house dust/dust mite, 22% for fungi, and 54% for fleas. Agreement between ID allergy test and ELISA scores for all pollens was only 10% greater than that expected by chance alone, and a kappa value of 0.17 confirmed poor test agreement. The greatest disparity in results was seen in dogs with negative ID and positive ELISA results. Median ELISA absorbance values for 15 groups of related allergens were compared in 4 groups of dogs: clinically normal dogs, atopic dogs with positive ID reactivity, suspected atopic dogs with negative ID reactivity, and flea-allergic dogs. There was no significant difference in median ELISA values between clinically normal dogs and flea-allergic dogs, or clinically normal dogs and atopic dogs for any allergen group. Although the ELISA absorbance value for fungal antigens was significantly higher in dogs suspected of being atopic than in clinically normal dogs, there was no significant difference in median ELISA values for any other allergen group. These findings suggested the disparity between ID allergy test and ELISA results was primarily attributable to false-positive ELISA reactions rather than greater ELISA sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Comparison between a gamma-IFN assay and intradermal tuberculin test for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in field trials in Brazil.

Bovine tuberculosis is a major problem in Brazil. The intradermal tuberculin test is the standard test for detection of bovine tuberculosis in Brazil but can lack both sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this study was to compare a bovine gamma-IFN assay with the tuberculin test under field conditions in Brazil. A total of 1632 animals from 13 dairy farms were tested using the single cervical tuberculin test (SCTT). Among those animals, about 15% of each herd, 220 in total, represented a high-risk group and were selected to be tested using the gamma-IFN test. Of the 1632 animals tested, 207 presented significant reactions representing 12.7% of the cattle studied. In the selected group the number of animals positive by the gamma-IFN assay was 126/220 (57.3%) and the total number of reactive cows on SCTT was 106/220 (48.2%). The real number of infected cattle, following standards, was 120/220 (54.5%). From these results the relative sensitivity rate of gamma-IFN test was 100% including the false-positive results and 88.3% for the SCTT--a significant (P < 0.01) difference in favour of the gamma-IFN test of 11.7%. The gamma-IFN assay also identified some positive animals 60-120 days earlier than the SCTT. In conclusion, we believe that the gamma-IFN assay can be used alone or in combination with the SCTT, as a valuable tool for the control of bovine tuberculosis in the Brazilian national herd.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Intradermal skin tests with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in asthmatic children: correlation with specific IgE and bronchial provocation tests.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the results of the skin tests, the specific IgE levels and bronchial provocation tests in a group of sensitive asthmatic children with a Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract standardized by the RAST inhibition method. Skin tests showed a positive 'end point' in twelve children of 0.5 U/ml antigen; in eleven 5 U/ml; seven of 50 U/ml; six of 500 U/ml. Specific IgE was present in thirty-three children (92%). A close relationship between positive skin tests and serum IgE levels was found. Bronchial provocation tests were positive in twenty-eight children (78%): eight children with both positive RAST and positive skin tests had negative bronchial provocation tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of specific immunoglobulin E by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in hydatid disease.

The diagnostic significance of elevated hydatid-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated against hydatid-specific IgG ELISA and Casoni's intradermal test in surgically proven cases of hydatidosis. A specific IgE ELISA did not correlate with IgG ELISA or Casoni's intradermal test, although its recorded sensitivity was 87%. The specific IgE ELISA was at the same time false-positive in 57.14% of the cases because of its cross-reactions with cases of ascariasis and taeniasis, unlike Casoni's intradermal test and specific IgG ELISA. It is suggested that, in a helminth-infested population, the determination of specific IgE levels is not better than Casoni's intradermal or specific IgG ELISA tests.

Antibodies, Helminth↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Two cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by delayed hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics.

The authors describe two cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) caused by delayed hypersensitivity to semisynthetic penicillins. The first patient developed erythema of the lower limbs following an i.m. injection of ampicillin, which progressed to TEN as therapy was continued. Fever and eosinophilic leukocytosis were also present. In the second case, TEN developed following oral amoxicillin therapy, and was preceded by a diffuse, maculopapular eruption. In both cases, symptoms resolved with the prompt administration of steroids. Both patients underwent allergological testing: prick test and, if results were negative, intradermal tests with penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL), minor determinant mixture (MDM), penicillin, amoxicillin and ampicillin. Patch testing with penicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin was also performed. Both patients developed positive reactions to the intradermal tests after 6 h, and to patch tests after 48-72 h (for ampicillin, amoxicillin and penicillin in the first case, and for ampicillin and amoxicillin in the second). The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), performed only in the first case, was positive for ampicillin. As these cases demonstrate, delayed hypersensitivity should be suspected in cases of drug-related TEN. Patch testing is a simple and useful allergological test for these types of cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1964

[Studies on paragonimiasis in Ko-Hoong County, Korea (Report 1.): An epidemiologic survey for human paragonimiasis by the use of intradermal screening test]

Authors carried out the survey for human paragonimiasis in Ko-Hoong County, Chun-Nam Province, Korea from July to September 1964 by the use of intradermal screening test with Veronal buffered saline antigen. Eight myuns (village) out of 13 myuns of this county were selected for the survey, regarding balanced selection. The number of 2,916 primary school children of high class and 764 residents of all age groups in these areas were examined (total 3,680; male 1,961; female 1,719). The following results were obtained in this survey. 1) As a whole, 20.1 per cent of the examiners showed positive reaction, with sexual difference of 20.9 per cent in male and 19.1 per cent in female. 2) In regional differences of positive rate, the highest rate(50.1 per cent) was showed at Po-Doo myun and lowest rate(3.6 per cent) was showed at Do-Yang myun. 3) In age group, the highest positive rate was showed in 16 to 20 age group (46.7 per cent). 4) In regional comparison of paragonimiasis infectivity of whole nation (province and county), Ko-Hoong County as nearly same as the Hea-Nam County, Chun-Nam Province follows next of Cheju Province, the highest prevalance area of paragonimiasis in Korea, in concentration of prevalence of paragonimiasis.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cutaneous positivity in patients with respiratory allergies to 42 allergenic extracts of airborne fungi isolated in São Paulo, Brazil.

With the purpose of measuring the frequency of allergies of the respiratory tract to airborne fungi in São Paulo, Brazil, 201 patients with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis were submitted to intradermal testings with allergenic extracts of 42 fungus genera isolated from the air in São Paulo. The extracts of these fungi were prepared according to Coca's method and then standardized by the weight by the volume method. At first, the patients were submitted to intradermal testing with the total polyvalent (TP) extract, getting positive reaction in 70 of them (34.8%). The patients with positive reaction to the TP were tested with the 42 individual extracts and 74.3% of them reacted positively to one or more extracts. These results led us to the conclusion that the most frequent fungi in the air of São Paulo were not the ones which cause the highest number of positive intradermal reactions. Therefore, the convenience in employing as many allergens as possible in intradermal testings for diagnosis should be reinforced.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2006

Patch test responses to Malassezia pachydermatis in healthy basset hounds and in basset hounds with Malassezia dermatitis.

The effects of the patch test application of Malassezia pachydermatis extracts were evaluated in seven healthy basset hounds and in seven basset hounds with Malassezia dermatitis. Antigens (4 and 0.4 mg/ml) and saline controls were applied for 48 h using filter paper discs in Finn chambers. One healthy basset hound and five affected hounds showed positive patch test reactivity to the yeast antigens. Positive patch test reactions were characterized histologically by mild epidermal hyperplasia and mild to moderate perivascular, periadnexal and interstitial infiltrates of neutrophils and CD3+ lymphocytes. Immediate intradermal test reactivity to M. pachydermatis antigens was seen in one healthy and one affected hound, whereas delayed intradermal test reactivity was seen in six healthy hounds and five affected hounds. This study indicates that patch test reactivity to M. pachydermatis antigen may occur in healthy basset hounds, and in contrast to delayed intradermal test reactivity, is more frequent in basset hounds with Malassezia dermatitis.

Allergens↗