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PubMedDate not supplied

Computers in nuclear imaging.

Currently, the practice of nuclear medicine in larger institutions is practically dependent upon the availability of a computer system. Gamma cameras are connected online to mini-computer systems which have the ability to collect image data in a number of different formats. This permits sophisticated analysis techniques to be used so that quantitative data may be extracted from the images. In some instances, as in tomography, data are reconstructed into images to give views of organs that would otherwise be impossible to obtain.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Career preferences of pediatric dentistry advanced education students.

A questionnaire addressing career preferences of pediatric dentistry advanced education students was mailed to 52 training programs. Two hundred and thirty-two completed surveys from 45 responding programs were returned. Men were in combined specialty programs significantly more than women (P < 0.05, chi-square) and U.S. citizen students were significantly older than non-citizens (P < 0.05, t-test). The collected data reflected differences in career preferences between men and women, and citizens and noncitizens. Women reported a significant preference for private practice, part-time associate and public health practice than did men. Although not significant, men declared equal preference for full-time private practice either solo or as an associate. Noncitizens were found to have a significant preference when compared to citizens for academic full- and part-time, hospital/institutional full- and part-time, research, full- and part-time positions, and for additional training.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Making evidence-based practice a reality in your institution.

There are many barriers to ensuring that nursing practice is based on research evidence. This article provides several resources to help the practicing nurse identify what evidence is available upon which to make practice changes. Additionally, strategies for supporting change are discussed and a case study of one particular evidenced-based change--1:1 support by nurses for women in labor--is examined.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed1998

The association between the organization of medical practice and primary care physician attitudes and practice orientations.

This study was designed to identify the association between physicians' practice settings and their attitudes and practice orientations. The data for the study were obtained through a cross-sectional survey of 385 primary care physicians in the service area of the Kansas Primary Care Network (PCN), a joint federal-state funded program begun in 1984 to provide medical services for Medicaid consumers. Analysis of variance tests are used to analyze the differences between physicians in the different practice organizations. The results show that older physicians are more likely to join solo practice organizations. Solo practitioners are less supportive of group practice, and are more likely to locate in affluent and low physician population counties than group practitioners. More female physicians practice in institutional settings than their male colleagues. Graduates of schools of osteopathic medicine are more likely than graduates of schools of allopathic medicine to practice in solo and single-specialty organizations. Institutional physicians are more receptive to capitation-based reimbursement arrangements, government involvement in health care delivery and financing, and have larger Medicaid case-loads than the physicians in the other practice organizations examined in the study.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

High-frequency jet ventilation in European and North American institutions: developments and clinical practice.

Respiratory support with high-frequency jet ventilation has been advocated during airway surgery or to improve pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange in patients with bronchopleural fistulae or pulmonary insufficiency. Despite a large body of published evidence describing its benefits as an alternative ventilatory approach in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine, its application has not gained widespread acceptance and is restricted to specialized centres. To review the literature on high-frequency jet ventilation in European and North American institutions, we performed a search in a computerized database (MEDLINE) covering the period from 1990 until the present time, describing the use of high-frequency jet ventilation in over 7000 patients. Various modes to apply high-frequency jet ventilation during airway surgery have been established, but its value in intensive care is controversial. We report our experience with combined high-frequency jet ventilation and provide guidelines for its safe application.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1988

Future practice roles in pharmacy.

The blurring of distinctions between community and institutional pharmacy practice is described, and future practice roles are discussed. As ambulatory-care services, such as home-care programs, long-term-care programs, and nursing-care facilities, assume greater importance in the provision of health care, the roles of hospital-based and community-based pharmacists become blurred. The roles of health-care providers are changing from an inter-professional perspective also. Pharmacist prescribing, physician dispensing, and therapeutic interchange are examples. The issue of therapeutic interchange, as a collaborative arrangement between pharmacists and physicians, will become crucial as managed-care systems grow if pharmacists are to retain responsibility for drug-use control. Challenges facing both institutional and community pharmacy in the future include meeting man-power needs, ensuring quality educational opportunities for pharmacy students and practicing pharmacists, and justifying the cost benefits of progressive pharmaceutical services. The pharmacy profession should set standards of quality for pharmaceutical services in emerging care settings. Although practice roles in pharmacy are changing along with the health-care system, pharmacists in all settings should work together in furthering their common goal of providing quality patient care.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2005

Conflicts in how interpreters manage their roles in provider-patient interactions.

Interpreters face challenges because of the various role expectations that others have placed on them and then adopt specific strategies to manage these conflicts. This study examines the conflicts in medical interpreters' role performances, the sources of these conflicts, and interpreters' strategies for resolving conflicts. It is based on in-depth interviews with 26 medical interpreters from 17 languages in the Midwestern area of the USA. The results showed that interpreters experienced four sources of conflicts in their role performances: (a) others' communicative practices, (b) changes in participant dynamics, (c) institutional constraints, and (d) unrealistic role expectations. To resolve conflicts, interpreters justified their roles by identifying the source and location of an assignment, (re)defining the relationships and identities of the provider and the patient, and adopting specific communicative strategies. This study highlights the importance of speaker and contextual factors on interpreters' communicative strategies and management of role conflicts.

Communication Barriers↗
PubMed2000

Preanesthesia detection of equipment faults by anesthesia providers at an academic hospital: comparison of standard practice and a new electronic checklist.

We hypothesized that our institutional standard practice for preanesthesia equipment checkout, based in part on US Food and Drug Administration recommendations, failed to detect a significant number of faults (absent or nonfunctional equipment). We designed a new, computer-based, highly interactive electronic checklist that emulated the checklist methods used in aviation and military settings and compared it to our standard practice in the detection of faulty equipment. Using a randomized, cross-over design, anesthesia providers searched for prearranged faults over a 2-day period using both the electronic and standard approaches. Faults (easy and difficult) found, faults missed, and time to complete the checkout were recorded. The electronic checklist was superior to standard practice in the detection of "easy" and "difficult" equipment faults. However, even when the electronic checklist was used, a high proportion of difficult faults were missed. Whether the failure represents a need for improved checkout procedures and provider training or better equipment design will require further study.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1977

The physician as manager. "What" and HOW" OF PRACTICE MANAGEMENT EDUCATION.

Management science and application play a pivotal role in preparing physicians for effective and efficient office practice. Integration of management theory into practice management education of family physicians may be accomplished by developing and maintaining a well-organized model practice, involving residents directly in management decisions and problem solving, using a variety of resource people in and outside the model unit, and providing quantitative analysis of practice performance. After three years of development, the Family Practice Center of Akron City Hospital has instituted a practice management curriculum whereby residents become actively involved in the management and supervision of the model practice, conduct research study into management problems, and receive training and supervision as they develop leadership and organizational skills.

Audiovisual Aids↗