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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Linking water science to policy: results from a series of national workshops on water.

To ensure science better informs the decision-making process, researchers and policy/program managers need to understand and respect each other's way of working, culture and operational timelines. However, there is little practical guidance on how this should be done and even less documented experience with specific mechanisms that better link these two groups. The published literature on information transfer has largely emphasized the dissemination of standard packages of information to ill-defined constituencies whose needs for scientific information are not well understood. Environment Canada's National Water Research Institute, on behalf of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, led a series of "Linking Water Science to Policy Workshops" as one such mechanism by which recent science could be delivered to practitioners, and practitioners could identify their research needs to scientists and research managers. There is a pressing need to explore and share experiences using creative mechanisms for sustained dialogue and networking between scientists and policy and program managers. The lessons learned from the workshop series and the need for science to continually inform the decision-making process has particular relevance for Canada's Ecosystem Initiatives given their integrated, place-based focus on long-term restoration and protection, and the challenge of continually changing ecosystems.

Canada↗
PubMed1992

Collaborative development of a uniform graphical interface.

A uniform graphical user interface to informational databases is evolving at the University of Washington through a collaborative development process. The interface, called WILLOW, has grown from model analysis and preliminary design to working prototype. The design replicates a natural flow of search retrieval. Development continues in a spiral of test and linear improvements based on user analysis. WILLOW's internal structure is built on a Unix client-server model communicating over the campus TCP/IP backbone network. Its external structure is an X-Windows/Motif visual presentation emphasizing a simple, consistent, graphical face to disparate information databases. The WILLOW collaborators have grown from an initial group composed of the Health Sciences Library & Information Center and Computing & Communications' Information Systems to the University Libraries, Computing & Communications divisions, Medical Center Information Systems, and departments throughout the health sciences.

Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Brazilian scientific journals in speech-language and hearing science: impact indicator].

BACKGROUND: Global value of scientific papers published in national journals of the Brazilian Speech-language and Hearing Science analyzed through the Impact Factor (IF). PURPOSE: To analyze part of the Brazilian Speech-Language and Hearing Science through its scientific journals: characterization of the impact indicator--in this case the Impact Factor (IF). Seven national Speech-language and Hearing Science journals (1986/ 2001) registered in the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (Ibict) and with a given International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) were analyzed. In order to calculate the IF of the scientific journals, the lists of bibliographic references of the published papers were consulted and the original formula of Garfield was used, adapting it to the seven journals. Bibliographic references cited in the research papers, in the case studies, in the review and update articles were considered for analyses. Researches which were cited in the summaries like letters to the editors; editorial, abstracts, commentaries and others were excluded. A total of 9,334 bibliographic references of 549 papers were analyzed, excluding self-citations of authors. It was observed that the resulting IFs revealed practically null values. The obtained results demonstrate that the Brazilian Speech-language and Hearing Science needs to develop a few aspects of its editorial and scientific processes--the researches of the Brazilian Speech-language and Hearing Science are being lost, making it necessary for the editors to raise the access and visibility of their journals and for the speech-language and hearing scientists to cite the work of their antecessors and national partners. According to the obtained data, for the Brazilian Speech-language and Hearing Science, the publication of 11.9 papers is necessary for only one of these papers to be cited in another research. It is observed that the IFs of the Brazilian Speech-language and Hearing Science, among these seven journals, have risen since 1999, suggesting a development of this Science. The follow up of this research, analyzing the years subsequent to 2001, is necessary in order to verify the real raise of the impact of these articles.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed1998

Problem-based learning in a health sciences librarianship course.

Problem-based learning (PBL) has been adopted by many medical schools in North America. Because problem solving, information seeking, and lifelong learning skills are central to the PBL curriculum, health sciences librarians have been actively involved in the PBL process at these medical schools. The introduction of PBL in a library and information science curriculum may be appropriate to consider at this time. PBL techniques have been incorporated into a health sciences librarianship course at the School of Library and Information Science (LIS) at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee to explore the use of this method in an advanced Library and Information Science course. After completion of the course, the use of PBL has been evaluated by the students and the instructor. The modified PBL course design is presented and the perceptions of the students and the instructor are discussed.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1999

Risk, science and policy: definitional struggles, information management, the media and BSE.

This article examines the role of definitional struggles in the science policy interface using the example of the cattle disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease in the UK. A central contention is that an explicit focus on definition illuminates the processes by which scientific judgements are made, promoted, communicated, assessed and judged and gives an improved picture of policy making. Neglected areas such as the role of secrecy, public relations and the mass media in the science-policy interface are brought into sharper focus as an intrinsic part of the wider operation of definitional struggles. The focus on definitional struggles also sheds light on some current work on risk in social theory. It is argued that the neglect of questions of agency which are central to definitional struggles has led to some theorists presenting risks as inevitable concomitants of technological and cultural developments leaving them in the grip of political quietism.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Large-scale data management for high content screening.

High content screening (HCS) plays an important role in target selection in primary and secondary screening, but further developments in informatics and data management are needed for strategic implementation of HCS in the drug discovery process. An organization charter for the Research Informatics and Infrastructure Organization is described and is consists of four basic parts: Partner, Build Trust, Champion, and Core vs Noncore. The successful evolution of the charter over the last 5 yr is mapped using high-throughput screening and HCS data as an example. A future view of large-scale data management for the drug discovery process will incorporate all scientific information into multiple parameter type runs for many aspects of the science. This information will subsequently be aligned into a subset that an individual can digest and more easily choose the next appropriate steps.

Informatics↗
PubMed1995

Cross-site study of the implementation of information technology innovations in health sciences centers.

An interpretive oral history technique was used to identify factors most important in the implementation stage of information technology innovation diffusion. Electronic mail, end user literature searching, and aspects of the computer-based patient record were the innovations selected for study at academic health sciences centers. Transcripts of thirty-four interviews with key individuals were analyzed to determine six categories of factors. Word counts were then used to determine underlying emphases. Analysis of variance tested whether there were significant differences in uses of words by categories of individuals, by those at different institutions, and when different innovations were described. Results indicate that the innovations themselves correlate significantly with different word categories, where category of individual and institution do not. Words related to the computer based patient record characterize further critical factors in implementing that particular innovation.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1997

The risk factors of death from the acetaminophen poisoning with antipyretic-analgesic drugs in Japan.

Since adverse effects rarely occur with the therapeutic doses of acetaminophen, it is commonly used as a mild antipyletic and analgesic. However, overdosage of acetaminophen causes fatal hepatic failure and acute renal failure. Therefore, we evaluated the risk factors for death among the reported cases of acetaminophen poisoning in Japan, which were obtained from Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Information Center for Science and Technology (JICST) on-line service in the Kyushu University Library. In a univariate analysis, the death rate of patients with hepatic failure (23.3% vs 0%, p = 0.04), disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC) (38.1% vs 5.3%, p = 0.001) or plasma exchange treatment (33.3% vs 7.9%, p = 0.01) was significantly greater than those without it while a multivariate analysis revealed that DIC (with vs without; odds ratio = 23.04, 95% confidence interval = 2.80-189.75) and the treatment with plasma exchange (with vs without; odds ratio = 14.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.44-151.52) were independent risk factors. These results suggest that DIC and hepatic failure, especially requiring plasma exchange, were poor prognostic factors. In addition, about seventeen percent of the cases with less than 5 g of acetaminophen ingestion were death cases although the acute lethal adult dose is shown 13-25 g in western countries. This suggests that its acute lethal dose may be low in Japan, which may be partly due to the additional adverse effect of other drugs used in the mixed compounds while acetaminophen alone is used in western countries. An intensive treatment should be recommended for the acetaminophen poisoning patients regardless of the ingested dose.

Acetaminophen↗