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At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Neurological and radiological studies in painful ophthalmoplegia: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital pseudotumour.

Twelve patients with idiopathic painful ophthalmoplegia were studied by CT, which was found to be normal in 6 patients, but with a high density area in the orbit in the others. This abnormal high density area was not found when CT was performed at a relatively early stage of the disease, but was seen when it was performed more than 1 month after the onset of symptoms. Orbital phlebography was performed in 6 of 12 patients; 3 with normal and 3 with abnormal CT findings. An occlusion of the superior ophthalmic vein was seen in 3 patients with abnormal CT, but not in 3 patients with normal CT. All 12 patients improved with administration of corticosteroids. The results suggest that the intraorbital abnormality revealed by CT may be due to an inflammatory process in the chronic stage and/or the oedematous and infiltrating processes in soft tissues which can be caused by the occlusion of the superior ophthalmic vein or cavernous sinus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of diabetogenic nitrosourea on the activity of the pentose phosphate hunt in isolated islets.

The effect of streptozotocin (STZ) on the activity of the pentose phosphate shunt in islets was studied. Isolated rat islets were pre-incubated with glucose (1.7 mM) alone or with streptozotocin (STZ) or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The effects of these pretreatments on glucose metabolism and insulin secretion were assessed during subsequent incubation with either (1.14C), (6.14C). or (U.14C). glucose (16.7 mM) alone or plus phenazine methosulfate (PMS). Islets pretreated with STZ (1.5 mM) metabolized less (1.14C) and (U.14C). glucose. The order of inhibition by STZ of (14C)-glucose metabolism by islets was: (1.14C). greater than (U.14C). greater than (6.14C)-glucose. Whereas PMS (0.5 mM) increased the metabolism of both (U.14C). and (1.14C)-glucose, the metabolism of (6.14C)-glucose by STZ-pretreated islets was not increased by PMS. In a separate series of experiments, the total NADP+ + NADPH, but not the NAD content of the islets decreased after 2 min exposure of islets of STZ. At 30-min exposure, the levels of both pyridine coenzymes and that of 6-phosphogluconate were significantly decreased. The level of NADP+ + NADPH in islets was decreased more than the level of NAD. Insulin secretion was suppressed by the nitrosoureas. PMS (0.5 mM) increased the level of NADP+ + NADPH content of islets and augmented insulin secretion. It is concluded that the pentose phosphate pathway is inhibited on brief exposure of islets to STZ or MNU. Such inhibition may contribute to the suppression of insulin secretion caused by these nitrosoureas.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Kaposi's sarcoma: is the hunt for the culprit over now?

Patients suffering from the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have a 20000-fold increased risk of developing a severe form of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a previously rare malignancy involving sharply defined nodular lesions of the skin and/or oral mucosa. Epidemiological evidence has long suggested that an infectious agent is the probable cause of KS. Recently sequences from a putative new herpesvirus have been found to be associated with KS in virtually 100% of the cases analyzed. The suspected etiological agent, a new human herpesvirus termed Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus (human herpes virus 8) has now been propagated in cell culture. This significant advance should form the basis for a detailed analysis of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of KS.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Hunting for Dark Matter particles with new detectors.

Although first hints of the existence of Dark Matter were observed by the Swiss astronomer Zwicky already in the 1930s, only in recent years has it become known that the universe, in fact, is dominated by particles whose nature is almost unknown and which have never been directly observed. Meanwhile, as the existence of these particles is postulated not only by astronomy, but also cosmology and theoretical particle physics, there is significant effort to detect them in a laboratory experiment and determine their physical properties. However, as the interaction rate between Dark Matter particles and ordinary matter is extremely low, detectors have to be extremely sensitive. Low temperature detectors have been available for more than a decade and have now reached the highest sensitivity for direct Dark Matter detection. In this article, we give a short overview of observational results that suggest the existence of Dark Matter particles and what physicists have learned so far about their properties. The main focus is on the experimental challenges and effort for their direct detection.

Astronomical Phenomena↗
PubMed2005

A homolog of the hydrolase Notum is expressed during segmentation and appendage formation in the Central American hunting spider Cupiennius salei.

The hydrolase Notum (also known as Wingful) has been implicated in shaping the distribution gradient of the morphogen Wingless in Drosophila by modifying the Wingless-binding heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) core glypicans Dally and Dally-like. Here we report on the expression of a Notum homolog during the embryonic development of the spider Cupiennius salei. Notum is expressed in two to three stripes in the posterior region of the germband where new segments are formed. At this location no Wingless expression is present, suggesting that Notum may be involved in the regulation of another HSPG-binding morphogen, possibly Hedgehog. In older segments, however, expression of Notum and Wingless roughly coincides. In the appendages, Notum is expressed in ventral mesodermal cells, directly adjacent to the Wingless expressing ectodermal cells. This could indicate a role for the mesoderm in regulating morphogen gradient formation in the ectoderm.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A gene hunting we will go!

Two general approaches toward the identification of new genes which may contribute to specific developmental, physiologic, or pathologic processes can be pursued: (1) a strategy of positional cloning or reverse genetics and linkage analysis in which affected individuals or families are studied to identify defective genes, and (2) an immediately focused approach which uses available partial information about a gene to screen cDNA libraries toward the isolation and characterization of the complete gene. The general principles that form the basis of how these two strategies aid the gene hunter in the pursuit of new genes is discussed. The modern day urologist should become familiar with these techniques and the promise they hold for the future diagnosis and treatment of urologic diseases.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed2007

Treasure hunt in an amoeba: non-coding RNAs in Dictyostelium discoideum.

The traditional view of RNA being merely an intermediate in the transfer of genetic information, as mRNA, spliceosomal RNA, tRNA, and rRNA, has become outdated. The recent discovery of numerous regulatory RNAs with a plethora of functions in biological processes has truly revolutionized our understanding of gene regulation. Tiny RNAs such as microRNAs and small interfering RNAs play vital roles at different levels of gene control. Small nucleolar RNAs are much more abundant than previously recognized, and new functions beyond processing and modification of rRNA have recently emerged. Longer non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can also have important regulatory roles in the cell, e.g., antisense RNAs that control their target mRNAs. The majority of these important findings arose from analyses in various model organisms. In this review, we focus on ncRNAs in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. This important genetically tractable model organism has recently received renewed attention in terms of discovery, regulation and functional studies of ncRNAs. Old and recent findings are discussed and put in context of what we today know about ncRNAs in other organisms.

Animals↗